Salient Features Of The Indian Constitution Video Lecture - UPSC

Ans. The salient features of the Indian Constitution include: 1. Lengthy and Detailed: The Indian Constitution is one of the lengthiest and most detailed constitutions in the world, consisting of a Preamble and 470 articles divided into 25 parts. 2. Written Constitution: Unlike the British Constitution, which is unwritten and based on conventions, the Indian Constitution is a written document that clearly defines the powers and duties of various organs of the government. 3. Federal System with Unitary Features: The Indian Constitution establishes a federal system of government where power is divided between the central government and the states. However, it also contains several unitary features, such as a strong central government, appointment of governors by the President, and emergency provisions. 4. Parliamentary System: The Indian Constitution follows the parliamentary system of government, where the President is the head of state and the Prime Minister is the head of government. The Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the Parliament. 5. Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of State Policy: The Constitution guarantees fundamental rights to all citizens, such as the right to equality, freedom of speech, and protection against discrimination. It also includes Directive Principles of State Policy, which provide guidelines for the government to establish a just and equitable society.

Ans. The Indian Constitution is one of the lengthiest and most detailed constitutions in the world. It consists of a Preamble and 470 articles divided into 25 parts. The structure of the Indian Constitution is as follows: 1. Preamble: It states the objectives of the Constitution and the ideals the nation seeks to achieve. 2. Parts: The Constitution is divided into 25 parts, each dealing with a specific aspect of governance, such as the Union and its territory, citizenship, fundamental rights, directive principles of state policy, etc. 3. Articles: There are a total of 470 articles in the Constitution, which outline the powers, functions, and responsibilities of various organs of the government, fundamental rights, directive principles, and other provisions. 4. Schedules: The Constitution contains 12 schedules, which list important matters such as forms of oaths, provisions related to the states and union territories, and tribal areas, etc. 5. Amendments: The Constitution can be amended to reflect changing times and needs. There have been 105 amendments made to the Constitution so far.

Ans. The Indian Constitution guarantees several fundamental rights to its citizens. Some of the key fundamental rights include: 1. Right to Equality: This includes equality before the law, prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth, and equality of opportunity in matters of public employment. 2. Right to Freedom: This includes freedom of speech and expression, assembly, association, movement, and residence. It also includes protection against arrest and detention except under specific circumstances. 3. Right against Exploitation: This prohibits trafficking, forced labor, and child labor. It also prohibits employment of children in hazardous industries. 4. Right to Freedom of Religion: Every citizen has the right to practice, profess, and propagate any religion of their choice. The Constitution also guarantees the freedom to manage religious affairs. 5. Right to Constitutional Remedies: This ensures that individuals can approach the courts for the enforcement of their fundamental rights. The Supreme Court and High Courts have the power to issue writs for the protection of these rights.

Ans. The directive principles of state policy are guidelines or principles given in the Indian Constitution to the government for the establishment of a just and equitable society. They are not enforceable by the courts but are fundamental in the governance of the country. Some of the key directive principles include: 1. Equal distribution of wealth and resources: The state shall strive to minimize inequalities in income and ensure a fair distribution of wealth and resources. 2. Promotion of social welfare: The state shall promote the welfare of the people by providing adequate healthcare, education, and social security. 3. Protection of the environment: The state shall protect and improve the environment and safeguard the forests and wildlife of the country. 4. Protection of cultural heritage: The state shall protect and preserve the cultural heritage of the nation. 5. Promotion of international peace and security: The state shall endeavor to maintain peaceful relations with other nations and promote international peace and security.

Ans. The Indian Constitution being a written document holds several significance, including: 1. Clarity and Certainty: As a written document, the Indian Constitution provides clarity and certainty regarding the powers, functions, and responsibilities of various organs of the government. It avoids ambiguity and ensures that the government functions within the framework of the Constitution. 2. Protection of Fundamental Rights: The written nature of the Constitution helps in protecting fundamental rights. The rights and freedoms of citizens are clearly stated and guaranteed, making it easier for individuals to seek legal remedies in case of violations. 3. Easy Accessibility: Being a written document, the Constitution is easily accessible to citizens, legal professionals, and scholars. It can be referred to and studied by anyone interested in understanding the principles and provisions of governance in India. 4. Promotes Rule of Law: The written nature of the Constitution promotes the rule of law. It ensures that the government and its officials act within the limits prescribed by the Constitution and are accountable for their actions. 5. Facilitates Amendments: The written nature of the Constitution allows for amendments to be made as per the changing needs and aspirations of the society. It provides a structured and organized process for making changes to the Constitution while ensuring stability and continuity.