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Salivary Glands
Salivary Glands
In mammals, 4 pair of salivary glands are present. These are:
1. Infra-orbital Glands
- Gland is located just below the eye-orbit.
- The duct of these glands open in the upper-jaw near the 2nd molar teeth.
2. Parotid Glands (Largest Salivary Glands)
- These glands are located just below the external auditory canal. Their duct is called Parotid duct/Stenson's duct which open in the upper jaw i.e. the Buccal-vestibule.
- Whenever in human, these glands are infected by viruses this disease is called as Mumps. Due to this, the gland swells up.
3. Sub Maxillary or Submandibular Glands
- These are located at the junction of the upper and the lower jaw.
- Their duct is called Wharton's duct (largest salivary duct). These ducts open in the lower jaw just behind the Incisor teeth.
4. Sublingual Glands
- These are the smallest salivary glands. These glands are found in the lower jaw. Many ducts arise from these glands called as the Ducts of Rivinus or Bartholin's ducts. These ducts open in the bucco-pharyngeal cavity on the ventral side of the tongue.
- Maximum saliva is secreted by the Sub-lingual glands. (Smallest salivary duct) Salivary glands are Exocrine glands. The secretion of salivary glands is termed as the saliva.
Question for Salivary Gland: Digestive GlandTry yourself:The duct of Bartholin is linked with
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Composition of saliva
- Water - 99.5 %
- Mucus, starch -digesting Ptyalin enzyme, lysozyme and thiocyanates and few ions like sodium, potassium, chloride, IgA antibody, urea and uric acid etc., are present.
- Ptyalin is secreted only by the parotid gland. Lysozyme and Thiocyanates mainly kill bacteria. They also check the growth of bacteria in bucco-pharyngeal cavity.
- Salivation is stimulated by cranial nerve VII & IX.
- In addition to it 5th pair of molar gland is found in Cat which is situated near to the upper molar teeth and also opens near upper molar teeth.
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FAQs on Salivary Gland: Digestive Gland - Additional Study Material for NEET
| 1. What are the salivary glands? |  |
Ans. The salivary glands are a group of digestive glands located in the mouth and throat. They produce saliva, which plays a crucial role in the digestion process.
| 2. What is the composition of saliva? | |
Ans. Saliva is primarily composed of water, along with various enzymes, electrolytes, mucus, and antibacterial compounds. It also contains small amounts of proteins, antibodies, and other substances that aid in digestion.
| 3. How do salivary glands contribute to digestion? | |
Ans. Salivary glands contribute to digestion by producing saliva, which helps in the breakdown of food. Saliva contains enzymes such as amylase, which begins the digestion of carbohydrates. It also helps in the lubrication of food, making it easier to swallow.
| 4. How many types of salivary glands are there? | |
Ans. There are three main pairs of salivary glands: the parotid glands, submandibular glands, and sublingual glands. The parotid glands are the largest and located near the ears, while the submandibular glands are beneath the lower jaw, and the sublingual glands are under the tongue.
| 5. What are some common disorders of the salivary glands? | |
Ans. Some common disorders of the salivary glands include salivary gland infections, salivary gland stones, salivary gland tumors, and dry mouth (xerostomia). These conditions can cause symptoms such as pain, swelling, difficulty in swallowing, and changes in saliva production.
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