Short & Long Answer Questions: Equilibrium - 2 | Physical Chemistry for NEET PDF Download

Q.51 Will the pH of water be same at 4°C and 25°C? Explain.

Answer: No, pH of water is not same at 4°C and 25°C. This is because with increase in temperature, dissociation of H₂O molecules increases. Hence, [H⁺] will increase, i.e., pH decreases. Thus, pH at 4°C will be more than at 25°C.
Q.52 The pK_ln of an indicator is 10.5. For which pH transition range is the indicator most suitable?

Answer: pK_ln±1,i.e.,9.5 to 11.5.
Q.53 Benzoic acid is a monobasic acid. When 1.22 g of its pure sample are dissolved in water and titrated against base, 50 ml of 0.2 M NaOH are used up. Calculate the molar mass of benzoic acid. 

Answer: 1000 ml of 1 M NaOH will neutralize acid = 1000 ml of 1 M NaOH contain 1 mole of NaOH and will neutralize 1 mole of monobasic acid. Hence, molar mass of benzoic acid =122 g mol⁻¹.
Q.54 A solution gives yellow colour with methyl orange, methyl red and phenol red. What is the pH of the solution?

Answer: Yellow colour with methyl orange means pH > 4.5 Yellow colour with methyl red means pH > 6.2 Yellow colour with phenol red means pH < 6.4. Hence, the solution has pH between 6.2 to 6.4.
Q.55 What is the difference between ionic product and solubility product?

Answer: Solubility product is the product of the molar concentrations of the ions in a saturated solution but ionic product is for any solution.
Q.56 NaCI solution is added to a saturated solution of PbCl₂. What will happen to the concentration of Pb²⁺ions?

Answer: Pb²⁺ ion concentration will decrease to keep K_sp constant.
Q.57 When is a precipitate formed when solutions of BaCl₂ and Na₂SO₄ are mixed?

Answer: A precipitate is formed when in the final solution after mixing, the ionic product [Ba²⁺][SO²⁻₄]>K_sp for BaSO₄.
Q.58 Will AgCl be more soluble in aqueous solution or NaCl solution and why?

Answer: AgCl ⇌ Ag⁺+Cl⁻ In NaCl solution, [Cl⁻] will increase. As [Ag⁺][Cl⁻]=K_sp remains constant, [Ag⁺] will decrease, i.e., the solubility will be less in NaCl solution than in water.
Q.59 Why solid NaCl starts separating out from a saturated solution of NaCl if HCl gas is passed through it?

Answer: HCl in the solution provides Cl⁻ ions. This increases the ionic product of NaCl and so the solid NaCl starts separating out.
Q.60 Why common salt is added to precipitate out soap from the solution during its manufacture?

Answer: Soap is sodium salt of higher fatty acids (RCOONa). On adding common salt, Na⁺ ion concentration increases. Hence, the equilibrium RCOONa(s)⇌RCOO⁻+Na⁺ shifts in the backward direction, i.e., soap precipitates out.
Q.61 Through a solution containing Cu²⁺ and Ni²⁺,H₂S gas is passed after adding dil HCl, which will precipitate out and why?

Answer: Cu²⁺ will precipitate out because in the acidic medium, only ionic product [Cu²⁺][S²⁻] exceeds the solubility product of CuS.
Q.62 Why in Group V of qualitative analysis, sufficient NH₄OH solution should be added before adding(NH₄)₂CO₃ solution?

Answer: This is done to convert NH₄HCO₃ usually present in large amounts along with (NH₄)₂CO₃ to (NH₄)₂CO₃
NH₄HCO₃+NH₄OH→(NH₄)₂CO₃+H₂O
Q.63 Two sparingly soluble salts AB and XY₂ have the same solubility product. Which salt will be more soluble? Explain.

Answer: Suppose solubility of AB=a mol L⁻1. Then AB⇌A⁺+B⁻,K_sp=[A⁺][B⁻]=a×a=a² ∴a=  Suppose solubility of salt XY₂=b mol L⁻¹. Then XY₂⇌X²⁺+2Y⁻,K_sp=[X²⁺][Y⁻]²=b(2b)² i.e., 4b³=K_sp or b=(K_sp/4)^1/3 Obviously b>a (as K_sp have values with negative powers of 10). Hence, salt XY₂ is more soluble.
Q.64 The ionization constant of formic acid is 1.8×10⁻⁴. Around what pH will its mixture with sodium formate give buffer solution of highest capacity?

Answer: Buffer solution of highest capacity is formed at which pH=pK_a=−log(1.8×10⁻⁴)=3.74.
Q.65 Blood is a buffer of H₂CO₃ and [HCO−₃]with pH = 7.40. Given K₁ of H₂CO₃=4.5×10⁻⁷. What will be the ratio of [HCO−₃] to [H₂CO₃] in the blood?
Answer:
 or 

   or log[H⁺]=−7.4=8.6 or [H⁺]=3.981×10⁻⁸