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Small Intestine Process of Digestion Video Lecture - NEET

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FAQs on Small Intestine Process of Digestion Video Lecture - NEET

1. What is the role of the small intestine in the process of digestion?
Ans. The small intestine plays a crucial role in the process of digestion. It is responsible for the absorption of nutrients from the food we eat. The inner lining of the small intestine contains villi, which are tiny finger-like projections. These villi increase the surface area of the small intestine, allowing for efficient absorption of nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats into the bloodstream.
2. How does the small intestine break down food?
Ans. The small intestine breaks down food through a combination of mechanical and chemical digestion. Mechanical digestion occurs through the churning and mixing of food with digestive enzymes and fluids. Chemical digestion involves the action of enzymes secreted by the small intestine, pancreas, and liver, which break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats into smaller molecules that can be absorbed.
3. What are the main enzymes involved in small intestine digestion?
Ans. The small intestine uses several enzymes to aid in digestion. Some of the main enzymes include: - Amylase: Breaks down carbohydrates into simple sugars. - Proteases: Break down proteins into amino acids. - Lipase: Breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol. - Maltase, sucrase, and lactase: Break down disaccharides (maltose, sucrose, and lactose) into monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, and galactose). These enzymes play a crucial role in breaking down complex molecules into smaller, easily absorbable units.
4. How does the small intestine absorb nutrients?
Ans. The small intestine absorbs nutrients through its specialized structure. The inner lining of the small intestine contains millions of tiny finger-like projections called villi. These villi are covered with even smaller microvilli, further increasing the surface area. The villi and microvilli are lined with cells that have small projections called brush borders, which further enhance absorption. When nutrients are broken down into smaller molecules, they are absorbed through the walls of the small intestine and into the bloodstream. The absorbed nutrients are then transported to different cells and tissues in the body to provide energy and support various physiological processes.
5. What happens to undigested food in the small intestine?
Ans. The small intestine primarily focuses on the digestion and absorption of nutrients. Any undigested food that reaches the small intestine, such as dietary fiber or certain indigestible carbohydrates, continues its journey through the digestive system. It passes into the large intestine, where water and electrolytes are absorbed, and eventually forms feces, which are eliminated from the body through the rectum and anus during a bowel movement.
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