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1. What is the structure of an atom?
Ans. The structure of an atom consists of a nucleus at the center, which contains protons and neutrons, and electrons that orbit around the nucleus in energy levels or shells.
2. How are protons, neutrons, and electrons arranged in an atom?
Ans. Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus of an atom, while electrons occupy energy levels or shells that surround the nucleus. The number of protons determines the atom's atomic number, which determines its identity, while the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons in a neutral atom.
3. What are the subatomic particles in an atom and their charges?
Ans. The subatomic particles in an atom are protons, which have a positive charge, neutrons, which have no charge, and electrons, which have a negative charge. Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus, while electrons are located in energy levels or shells outside the nucleus.
4. What is the role of the nucleus in an atom?
Ans. The nucleus of an atom contains protons and neutrons, which are tightly packed together. It carries most of the atom's mass and has a positive charge due to the presence of protons. The nucleus also provides stability to the atom.
5. How do electrons occupy energy levels in an atom?
Ans. Electrons occupy energy levels or shells in an atom based on their energy. The first energy level can hold a maximum of 2 electrons, the second level can hold a maximum of 8 electrons, and so on. Electrons fill the energy levels starting from the innermost shell and moving outward, following the Aufbau principle and the Pauli exclusion principle.
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