A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more components in which the particle size is smaller than 1 nm.
Common examples of solutions are sugar in water and salt in water solutions, soda water, etc. In a solution, all the components appear as a single phase. There is particle homogeneity i.e. particles are evenly distributed. This is why a whole bottle of soft drink has the same taste throughout.
Note: Physical state of solvent and solution is same.
Solutions can be classified on various basis. Let us have a look at them.
1. On the basis of number of components dissolved:
Binary SolutionSimilarly, it is called ternary and quaternary if it is composed of three and four components, respectively.
Thus; a solution may be regarded as a single-phase containing more than one component.
2. On the basis of the dissolving capacity of the solvent, the types of solutions can be classified as:
2. On the basis of solute added to the solvent in a particular solution, the following can be classified:
Dilute and Concentrated Solution
3. On the basis of the type of solvent, the following can be classified:
4. On the basis of the ability to conduct electricity, the following can be classified:
The solutions in which the solute gets dissolved in the solvent and then breaks into ions, which help in conducting the electricity are known as electrolytes. This ion – formation depends on the ability of the component to break down into ions. On the basis of the ability to conduct electricity, the following can be classified:
In a solution, components may be solid, liquid or gas.
Gaseous, liquid, and solid solutions are three different types of mixtures in which one or more substances are combined together. Solutions are homogeneous mixtures where the components are evenly distributed at a molecular level. The difference between these solutions lies in the physical state of the solvent and solute.
Solutions in which solvent is present is a gaseous state is called Gaseous solution. Gaseous solutions can be divided into following three types on the basis of phases of solute and solvent:
Solutions, in which solvent is present in a liquid state, are called Liquid solutions.
Liquid solutions can be classified into the following three types:
Solutions having solvent in the solid-state, are called solid solutions.
The solid solution can be divided into the following three categories:
When two or more chemically non-reacting substances are mixed, they form mixtures. A mixture may be heterogeneous or homogeneous.
Examples
The homogeneous mixture is generally referred to as a solution.
Example: When two spoons of salt are mixed in a glass of water, the mixture so obtained has no distinguish phase and this is called a solution.
Sugar Solution
Air is a mixture of different gases with no distinguish phase, thus, the air is often referred to as the solution.
Air: Mixture of Gases
In a homogeneous mixture, i.e. solution, the composition, and properties of the solution are uniform throughout.
Heterogeneous Mixture: Oil and Water
Examples of Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Solutions: Some examples of homogeneous and heterogeneous solutions include:
Q1. What are the components of solution?
Ans: Solutions are made up of two parts: a solvent and a solute.
Solvent: The component that dissolves the other component is called the solvent.
Solute: The component that is dissolved in the solvent is called solute.
Q2. What are some common examples of mixtures and solutions?
Ans: Air is a homogeneous mixture that contains oxygen, nitrogen, argon and other gases; iron filings with sulfur powder is a commonly used heterogeneous mixture; salty water is a solution that contains particles of salt mixed with particles of water.
Q3. Is coffee a mixture?
Ans: Coffee is a solution, not a compound or mixture, as it includes a solute that dissolves into a solvent. At times, coffee can also be considered a mixture since it involves two mixed substances, but this is too vague.
Q4. Is chocolate a mixture?
Ans: Chocolate is a solid mixture. In its basic form it is composed of cacao powder, cocoa butter, and some type of sweetener such as sugar; however, modern chocolate includes milk solids, any added flavors, modifiers, and preservatives.
Q5. Are eggs a mixture?
Ans: An egg is neither a pure substance nor a mixture. If you crack open an egg, you see eggshells, egg whites, and egg yolks. This means that even macroscopically, an egg is not a mixture, it is an unmixed combination of egg shell, egg white, and egg yolk.
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1. What is a solution? | ![]() |
2. What are the different types of solutions? | ![]() |
3. What are the properties of a solution? | ![]() |
4. What are mixtures? | ![]() |
5. What is the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures? | ![]() |
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