Statement and Conclusions | Logical Reasoning for CLAT PDF Download

Introduction

Analytical Reasoning relies significantly on Statement and Conclusion reasoning, involving the evaluation of statements or passages along with associated conclusions. It requires students to assess the given statements and select the appropriate conclusion from the options provided. The term "conclusion" pertains to inferences that can be accurately drawn from the provided statement.

Government exams often feature diverse question types, making Statement and Conclusion reasoning a pivotal aspect of analytical reasoning. Consequently, this article will explore the fundamental concepts of Statements and Conclusions, accompanied by solved examples.

Tips for Statement and Conclusion Questions

Candidates commonly encounter challenges with Statement and Conclusion questions due to their intricate wording, which might seem daunting. Nevertheless, it is crucial for them to recognize that this category represents an opportunity for achieving higher scores.

Here are some Statement and Conclusion tricks to assist applicants to solve the questions in this section:

If 2 or more sentences are utilised to construct a statement, the phrases must be connected and mutually contradictory.

• Do not seek out honest ideas. The information supplied in the phrase is the sole necessary for an applicant to address questions. There should be no assumption.
• Examine the statement properly for terms that appear in both the statement as well as the conclusions.
• If more than a single conclusion applies to the statement, applicants must verify that the conclusion they choose is related in some way.
• Do not base your decision on the size of the statements. Before drawing any conclusions, be sure you have thoroughly read the document.
• Negative marking causes candidates to lose a significant amount of points in these kinds of questions. So make sure you don’t predict the solutions in this section.

Examples

Q1:

Statements:  India is a nation of multiple languages.
Conclusions: 
I. Every Indian must learn multiple languages.
II. Every nation speaks multiple languages.

 Sol: The statement reveals India to be a country of multi-linguality, but at the same time, it does not showcase the requirement for every citizen to know multiple languages. 

Both the conclusions are inapplicable as they are not related to the statement. Thus, neither Conclusion 1 nor Conclusion 2 follows. 

Q2:

Statement: Some claim that as they fall asleep, negative thoughts enter their minds.
Conclusions:
I. Only a small percentage of people have terrible dreams while sleeping.
II. All good ideas arrive during the morning hours.

Sol: It is plainly stated in the sentence that not everyone has terrible thoughts when sleeping. So, after the statement, comes conclusion I. There is no indication of solely terrible thoughts coming in the morning anywhere in the phrase. As a result, conclusion II is not right.

Q3: 
Statement: If Sangeeta works regularly and diligently, she will undoubtedly pass the exam.
Conclusions:
I. To pass any exam, you must be consistent and hardworking.

II. Some people are able to pass the examination despite a lack of hard work and consistency.

Sol: To pass an exam, one must work hard and regularly, as stated in the sentence. The sentence does not say that some individuals can pass even if they do not work hard. As a result, the statement is followed merely by the conclusion I.

Q4:
Statements: Before buying securities, speak with your investment and financial counsellor.
Conclusions:
I. No one should ever invest in stocks or bonds.
II. The investment adviser assesses market risk and advises clients about when and how to invest.

Sol: It is clearly stated in the preceding paragraph that one must seek an expert before investing since he provides suitable counsel while evaluating market risk with certainty. Nobody is advised to invest in market security, according to the phrase. As a result, only conclusion II is appropriate.

Conclusion

The concept of statement and conclusion is a common feature in nationwide examinations, and candidates should emphasize the logical aspect of this concept. Responding to questions based on this notion requires reliance solely on the information presented in the statement, without making assumptions or incorporating additional facts. It is essential for candidates to grasp that, when addressing questions related to this topic, their approach should involve analyzing the provided facts and selecting the most reasonable conclusion based on the statement.