Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production (Solution) Practice Questions - DPP for NEET

 Page 1


DPP /CB31
1. (a) Parthenocarpy is the development of fruits without prior
fertilization which results in the formation of seedless fruits.
In some plant species, parthenocarpic fruits are produced
naturally or they may be induced by treatment of the
unpollinated flowers with auxin.
Removal of androecium before pollen release is called
emasculation which is helpful in preventing unwanted
pollination. Vernalized seeds are the chilled treated seeds for
breaking dormancy. Phenyl Mercuric Acetate is an
antitranspirant.
Gibberellins and Auxins are known to induce parthenocarpy
in plants. If a tomato plant is treated with a low concentration
of auxin and gibberellic acid it wll produce fruits without
fertilization i.e. parthenocarpic fruits.
2. (a)
3. (b) Breeding of crops with high levels of minerals, vitamin and
minerals is called biofortification. This is most practical aspect
to improve the health of people.
4. (b) Jaya and Ratna are two rice varieties developed for green
revolution in India.
 The scientific name of Jaya is IET-723. This paddy variety
takes about 130 days to grow and the grain is long, bold and
white. Its yield is 50-60 quintals per hectare.
 The scientific name of ‘Ratna’ is IET-1411. It takes about
130-135 days to grow. The grain is long, slender and white.
Its yield is 45-50 quintal/hectare.
5. (a) DDT was subsequently banned for agricultural use worldwide
under the Stockholm Convention, but its limited use in disease
vector control continues to these days in certain parts of the
world and remains controversial.
 
Along with the passage of
the endangered Species Act, the US ban on DDT is cited by
scientists as a major factor in the comeback of the bald eagle
in the contiguous US.
6. (c) Catla catla and Labeo rohita are the two Indian major carps
whereas Heteropneustes is a catfish. Cyprinus is the exotic
breed.
7. (a) Food chain is the transfer of energy from green plants (primary
producers), through a sequence of organisms in a food chain
occupying different trophic level. Therefore, statements (ii)
and (iii) are correct.
8. (a) Azadirachtin is a chemical compound belonging to the
limonoids. It is a secondary metabolite present in the Neem
tree seeds. The molecular formula is C
35
H
44
O
16
. Azadi rachtin
is a highly oxidised tetranortriterpenoid which boosts a
plethora of oxygen functionality, comprising an enol ether,
acetal, hemiacetal, and tetra-substituted oxirane as well as a
variety of carboxylic esters. It is classified among the plant
secondary metabolites.
9. (c) 10. (d) 11. (c) 12. (d)
13. (d) In superovulation, a high milk yielding cow is induced to
shed 4–6 eggs (instead of one) every 6–8 weeks (instead of
20–21 days). The superovulated donor is artificially
inseminated with semen from a quality bull. The embryos
developing from the eggs so fertilised are flushed out. These
good quality embryos are now transferred to surrogate mother
for delivery.
Page 2


DPP /CB31
1. (a) Parthenocarpy is the development of fruits without prior
fertilization which results in the formation of seedless fruits.
In some plant species, parthenocarpic fruits are produced
naturally or they may be induced by treatment of the
unpollinated flowers with auxin.
Removal of androecium before pollen release is called
emasculation which is helpful in preventing unwanted
pollination. Vernalized seeds are the chilled treated seeds for
breaking dormancy. Phenyl Mercuric Acetate is an
antitranspirant.
Gibberellins and Auxins are known to induce parthenocarpy
in plants. If a tomato plant is treated with a low concentration
of auxin and gibberellic acid it wll produce fruits without
fertilization i.e. parthenocarpic fruits.
2. (a)
3. (b) Breeding of crops with high levels of minerals, vitamin and
minerals is called biofortification. This is most practical aspect
to improve the health of people.
4. (b) Jaya and Ratna are two rice varieties developed for green
revolution in India.
 The scientific name of Jaya is IET-723. This paddy variety
takes about 130 days to grow and the grain is long, bold and
white. Its yield is 50-60 quintals per hectare.
 The scientific name of ‘Ratna’ is IET-1411. It takes about
130-135 days to grow. The grain is long, slender and white.
Its yield is 45-50 quintal/hectare.
5. (a) DDT was subsequently banned for agricultural use worldwide
under the Stockholm Convention, but its limited use in disease
vector control continues to these days in certain parts of the
world and remains controversial.
 
Along with the passage of
the endangered Species Act, the US ban on DDT is cited by
scientists as a major factor in the comeback of the bald eagle
in the contiguous US.
6. (c) Catla catla and Labeo rohita are the two Indian major carps
whereas Heteropneustes is a catfish. Cyprinus is the exotic
breed.
7. (a) Food chain is the transfer of energy from green plants (primary
producers), through a sequence of organisms in a food chain
occupying different trophic level. Therefore, statements (ii)
and (iii) are correct.
8. (a) Azadirachtin is a chemical compound belonging to the
limonoids. It is a secondary metabolite present in the Neem
tree seeds. The molecular formula is C
35
H
44
O
16
. Azadi rachtin
is a highly oxidised tetranortriterpenoid which boosts a
plethora of oxygen functionality, comprising an enol ether,
acetal, hemiacetal, and tetra-substituted oxirane as well as a
variety of carboxylic esters. It is classified among the plant
secondary metabolites.
9. (c) 10. (d) 11. (c) 12. (d)
13. (d) In superovulation, a high milk yielding cow is induced to
shed 4–6 eggs (instead of one) every 6–8 weeks (instead of
20–21 days). The superovulated donor is artificially
inseminated with semen from a quality bull. The embryos
developing from the eggs so fertilised are flushed out. These
good quality embryos are now transferred to surrogate mother
for delivery.
14. (d) Karl V on Frisch, carried out many experiments and determined
that when a foraging bee returns to the hive, it performs a
waggle dance. Honey is predominantly glucose and fructose.
Dorsata is a bigger bee than Apis indica (a medium sized
bee). Bees wax is secreted by special wax glands to make
compartments.
15. (a) 16. (a) 17. (a) 18. (b) 19. (b) 20. (a)
21. (a) White leghorn is a mediterranean breed.
22. (a)
23. (c) Golden rice is vitamin A rich variety developed by rDNA
technology and used in the treatment of vitamin A deficiency.
24. (d) Golden rice is a transgenic crop of the future with high Vit. A
content. Millions of people suffer from Vit. A deficiency
which leads to vision impairment. Transgenic rice has been
developed which is capable of synthesizing beta carotene,
the precursor of Vitamin A. The rice variety is now being
crossed into adapted varieties with field tests possible in an
year or two.
25. (a)
26. (d) Main objective of production/use of herbicide resistant GM
crops is to reduce herbicide accumulation in food articles for
health safety. GM plants has been useful in many ways.
Genetic modifications has made crops more tolerant to abiotic
stresses, reduced reliance on chemical pesticides, enhanced
nutritional value of food.
27. (d) In order to obtain virus-free plants through tissue culture,
the best method is meristem culture. Meristem tip culture is
used successfully to remove viruses, bacteria, in order to
produce the greatest number of plants. Meristem culture is
used to produce healthy propagation stock for crops and
ornamentals.
28. (c) Gene library contains DNA fragments representing the entire
genome of an organism. So collection of alleles of the genes of
a crop is called gene library.
29. (b) Vector DNA are the DNA molecules that can carry a foreign
DNA segment and replicate inside the host cells. Vector DNA
may be plasmids, a bacteriophage, cosmids, yeast artificial
chromosomes.
30. (c)
31. (a) Three crops that contribute maximum to global food grain
production are Wheat, rice and maize, which belong to the
family Poaceae (Graminae).
32. (d) ‘Himgiri’ developed by hybridisation and selection for disease
resistance against rust pathogens is a variety of wheat. It is
resistant to leaf/stripe rust and hill bunt.
33. (b)
34. (b) Controlled breeding experiments are carried out using artifi-
cial insemination. The semen is collected from the male and
is injected either deep into the cervix or at the beginning of
the body of the uterus of the selected female by the breeder.
The semen may be used immediately or can be frozen and
used later. It can also be transported in a frozen form.
35. (b) Breed is a group of animals related by descent and similar in
most characters like general appearance, features, size, con-
figuration, etc.
36. (b) Inbreeding strategies allow the desirable qualities of more
closely related individuals to be continued within the same
breed for 4-6 generations. It increases homozygosity and
thus, is necessary for evolving a pure line. Continued in-
breeding, especially close inbreeding usually leads to reduces
fertility and even productivity. This is called inbreeding de-
pression.
37. (b) Products of honey bee are honey, bee wax, bee venom and
royal jelly. Medicinal importance includes its uses as laxa-
tive, antiseptic, sedative, etc. It is also used against digestive
disorders. Bee venom is used to cure gout and arthritis. Bee
was is used is producing cosmetics, paints polishes, etc. It is
not a labour intensive process and is source of additional
income to the farmers.
38. (c) Germplasm is the sum total of all the alleles of the genes
present in a crop and its related species. The germplasm of
any crop species consists of the following types of materi-
als: cultivated improved varieties, improved varieties that
are no more in cultivation, old local or 'desi' varieties, pure
lines produced by plant breeders, and wild species related to
the crop species.
39. (d) Tobacco mosaic is caused by Tobacco Mosaic Virus. The
infection causes characteristic patterns, such as "mosaic"-
like mottling and discolouration on the leaves. Turnip Mo-
saic Virus causes turnip mosaic. Chlorotic lesions, mosaic
and mottling are the common symptoms of this disease.
40. (d) The cell from micro-organisms such as bacteria, fungi, fila-
mentous algae, treated in various ways and used as food, are
called single cell protein (SCP). The biomass is not only
obtained from unicellular microorganisms but also from mul-
ticellular microorganisms.
41. (d) Meristem is a localized group of cells, which are actively
dividing and undifferentiated but ultimately give rise to per-
manent tissue. Cultivation of axillary or apical shoot mer-
istems is called meristem culture. Meristem culture is carried
out in potato, banana, cardamom, orchids (protocorm stage),
sugarcane, strawberry, sweet potato, etc.
42. (b) The plant cell without cell wall are called protoplasts.
43. (b) The above figures of maize, wheat and garden pea are some
Indian hybrid crops.  The term "hybrid" refers to a plant
variety which is developed through the interbreeding of two
or more varieties, genera or species. Though hybrids contain
the best properties of the parent plants, they usually do not
breed true and often revert to one of the parent plants. Hy-
brids are favoured for greater disease resistance, more vigor-
ous growth, earlier maturity, higher quality of vegetables,
better uniformity and improved flavour.
44. (b)
45. (c) Because iron promotes the formation of chlorophyll and
magnesium is an integral part of chlorophyll molecule so in
the absence of these nutrients plants show chlorosis & leaves
get yellowing. Application of iron and magnesium to promote
the synthesis of chlorophyll can cure the disease.