UPSC Exam > UPSC Notes > Civil Engineering Optional Notes for UPSC > Surface and Subsurface Drainage
Surface and Subsurface Drainage | Civil Engineering Optional Notes for UPSC PDF Download
| Table of contents |
|
| Surface Drainage |
|
| Advantages of Surface Drainage |
|
| Surface Drainage Methods |
|
| Subsurface Drainage |
|
| Methods of Subsurface Drainage |
|
Surface Drainage
Surface drainage refers to the shaping, grading, or management of the land surface to provide gradual removal or diversion of water off of the land surface. It is accomplished by smoothing out small depressions (land smoothing) or regrading an undulating land surface to a uniform slope, and directing water to a natural or improved, constructed channel. The main purpose of surface drainage is to minimize the duration of ponded water that inundates crops and to reduce prolonged soil saturation, which can restrict gas exchange with the soil and plant root system or prevent cultural operations.
Advantages of Surface Drainage
The advantages of surface drainage include:- Minimizing crop inundation and prolonged ponding of water
- Reducing soil saturation, which can:
- Facilitate gas (oxygen and carbon dioxide) exchange with the soil and plant root system
- Allow cultural operations like tillage, planting, and harvesting
Suitability for flat lands where slow infiltration, low permeability, or restricting soil layers prevent the ready infiltration of high-intensity rainfall
Removing excess surface water from the field or agricultural area
Surface Drainage Methods
A. Land smoothing- Filling in small depressions
- Regrading undulating or uneven land surfaces to create a uniform slope
B. Uniform slope creation
The land is graded to create a consistent slope that facilitates the flow of water across the surface.
Considerations and Disadvantages
A. Surface drainage has a minimal effect on reducing saturated subsoil conditions occurring as a result of high water table conditions, especially where the source of the water is emerging from lower horizons.B. Potential for soil erosion
If the water is not removed in an orderly manner, soil erosion may occur, and nutrient and other contaminants may be carried off in the runoff.
C. Transport of contaminants and nutrients
- Phosphorus and many herbicides are normally bound near the soil surface
- These contaminants may be transported off-site in the surface drainage water
Subsurface Drainage
Subsurface drainage is the removal of excess drainable porosity water in the subsoil, with the aim of lowering or controlling the water table depth below the crop root zone. It is usually implemented with the use of buried corrugated (and perforated) plastic or clay (tile) conduits, but it can also be done by creating an unlined pore (mole drain), constructing blind (or French) drains, excavating deep open drains, or by the use of tubewells (shallow groundwater wells).
Methods of Subsurface Drainage
A. Buried perforated pipes or tiles
- Corrugated plastic or clay materials
- Installation below the water table
B. Mole drains
- Creating unlined pores or channels in the soil.
C. Blind or French drains
- Constructed with gravel or rock fill.
D. Deep open drains
E. Tubewells (shallow groundwater wells)
Advantages of Subsurface Drainage
A. In humid regions
- Lowering the water table
- Improving soil drainage conditions
- Increased productivity and trafficability
B. In arid regions
- Minimizing salt buildup in the crop root zone
Disadvantages and Considerations
A. Higher implementation cost per unit area
- Especially for fine-textured soils.
B. Ineffectiveness for surface ponding
- Caused by surface sealing or shallow compaction.
C. Environmental impacts
- Modification of wetland habitats
- Potential for contaminant discharge
- Nitrate contamination due to enhanced nitrification
The document Surface and Subsurface Drainage | Civil Engineering Optional Notes for UPSC is a part of the UPSC Course Civil Engineering Optional Notes for UPSC.
All you need of UPSC at this link: UPSC
|
350 videos|464 docs|2 tests
|
FAQs on Surface and Subsurface Drainage - Civil Engineering Optional Notes for UPSC
| 1. What are the advantages of surface drainage? |  |
Ans. Surface drainage helps in removing excess water from the soil, preventing waterlogging, improving soil aeration, reducing soil erosion, and enhancing crop productivity.
| 2. What are some common methods of surface drainage? | |
Ans. Some common methods of surface drainage include land grading, contour plowing, constructing open ditches, installing culverts, and using surface drains like French drains.
| 3. How does subsurface drainage help in improving soil conditions? | |
Ans. Subsurface drainage involves installing pipes or tiles underground to remove excess water from the soil, which helps in improving soil aeration, reducing soil compaction, and preventing waterlogging.
| 4. What are some methods of subsurface drainage? | |
Ans. Methods of subsurface drainage include installing tile drains, mole drains, deep open drains, and using subsurface drainage pumps.
| 5. How does a combination of surface and subsurface drainage benefit agricultural land? | |
Ans. A combination of surface and subsurface drainage helps in effectively managing water on agricultural land by removing excess water from the surface as well as from the root zone, improving soil conditions, and enhancing crop yield and quality.
Related Exams
About this Document
|
Dec 18, 2024 Last updated |
Document Description: Surface and Subsurface Drainage for UPSC 2024 is part of Civil Engineering Optional Notes for UPSC preparation.
The notes and questions for Surface and Subsurface Drainage have been prepared according to the UPSC exam syllabus. Information about Surface and Subsurface Drainage covers topics
like Surface Drainage, Advantages of Surface Drainage, Surface Drainage Methods, Subsurface Drainage, Methods of Subsurface Drainage and Surface and Subsurface Drainage Example, for UPSC 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for Surface and Subsurface Drainage.
Introduction of Surface and Subsurface Drainage in English is available as part of our Civil Engineering Optional Notes for UPSC
for UPSC & Surface and Subsurface Drainage in Hindi for Civil Engineering Optional Notes for UPSC course.
Download more important topics related with notes, lectures and mock test series for UPSC
Exam by signing up for free. UPSC: Surface and Subsurface Drainage | Civil Engineering Optional Notes for UPSC
Description
Full syllabus notes, lecture & questions for Surface and Subsurface Drainage | Civil Engineering Optional Notes for UPSC - UPSC | Plus excerises question with solution to help you revise complete syllabus for Civil Engineering Optional Notes for UPSC | Best notes, free PDF download
Information about Surface and Subsurface Drainage
In this doc you can find the meaning of Surface and Subsurface Drainage defined & explained in the simplest way possible. Besides explaining types of
Surface and Subsurface Drainage theory, EduRev gives you an ample number of questions to practice Surface and Subsurface Drainage tests, examples and also practice UPSC
tests
|
350 videos|464 docs|2 tests
|
Download as PDF
|
Explore Courses for UPSC exam
|
|
Signup for Free!
Signup to see your scores go up within 7 days! Learn & Practice with 1000+ FREE Notes, Videos & Tests.
Related Searches
past year papers
,Objective type Questions
,Surface and Subsurface Drainage | Civil Engineering Optional Notes for UPSC
,mock tests for examination
,Exam
,shortcuts and tricks
,MCQs
,Important questions
,Extra Questions
,practice quizzes
,ppt
,Previous Year Questions with Solutions
,study material
,Surface and Subsurface Drainage | Civil Engineering Optional Notes for UPSC
,Summary
,Semester Notes
,Surface and Subsurface Drainage | Civil Engineering Optional Notes for UPSC
,Viva Questions
,video lectures
,Free
,Sample Paper
,
Additional Information about Surface and Subsurface Drainage for UPSC Preparation
Surface and Subsurface Drainage Free PDF Download
The Surface and Subsurface Drainage is an invaluable resource that delves deep into the core of the UPSC exam.
These study notes are curated by experts and cover all the essential topics and concepts, making your preparation more efficient and effective.
With the help of these notes, you can grasp complex subjects quickly, revise important points easily,
and reinforce your understanding of key concepts. The study notes are presented in a concise and easy-to-understand manner,
allowing you to optimize your learning process. Whether you're looking for best-recommended books, sample papers, study material,
or toppers' notes, this PDF has got you covered. Download the Surface and Subsurface Drainage now and kickstart your journey towards success in the UPSC exam.
Importance of Surface and Subsurface Drainage
The importance of Surface and Subsurface Drainage cannot be overstated, especially for UPSC aspirants.
This document holds the key to success in the UPSC exam.
It offers a detailed understanding of the concept, providing invaluable insights into the topic.
By knowing the concepts well in advance, students can plan their preparation effectively.
Utilize this indispensable guide for a well-rounded preparation and achieve your desired results.
Surface and Subsurface Drainage Notes
Surface and Subsurface Drainage Notes offer in-depth insights into the specific topic to help you master it with ease.
This comprehensive document covers all aspects related to Surface and Subsurface Drainage.
It includes detailed information about the exam syllabus, recommended books, and study materials for a well-rounded preparation.
Practice papers and question papers enable you to assess your progress effectively.
Additionally, the paper analysis provides valuable tips for tackling the exam strategically.
Access to Toppers' notes gives you an edge in understanding complex concepts.
Whether you're a beginner or aiming for advanced proficiency, Surface and Subsurface Drainage Notes on EduRev are your ultimate resource for success.
Surface and Subsurface Drainage UPSC Questions
The "Surface and Subsurface Drainage UPSC Questions" guide is a valuable resource for all aspiring students preparing for the
UPSC exam. It focuses on providing a wide range of practice questions to help students gauge
their understanding of the exam topics. These questions cover the entire syllabus, ensuring comprehensive preparation.
The guide includes previous years' question papers for students to familiarize themselves with the exam's format and difficulty level.
Additionally, it offers subject-specific question banks, allowing students to focus on weak areas and improve their performance.
Study Surface and Subsurface Drainage on the App
Students of UPSC can study Surface and Subsurface Drainage alongwith tests & analysis from the EduRev app,
which will help them while preparing for their exam. Apart from the Surface and Subsurface Drainage,
students can also utilize the EduRev App for other study materials such as previous year question papers, syllabus, important questions, etc.
The EduRev App will make your learning easier as you can access it from anywhere you want.
The content of Surface and Subsurface Drainage is prepared as per the latest UPSC syllabus.
|
© EduRev
|
Education Revolution
|
Follow Us
|
Signup to see your scores
go up within 7 days!
Access 1000+ FREE Docs, Videos and Tests
Takes less than 10 seconds to signup