TN History Textbook: United Nations Organisation | Old & New NCERTs for IAS Preparation (Must Read) - UPSC PDF Download

 Page 1


343
The Second World War proved to be more destructive than the
First World War. For the first time atomic weapon was used. The
people of the whole world were  afraid of the consequences of such
wars in future. In order to bring the quarreling countries to talks and
negotiate for peace countries like the USA, the USSR  and  the UK
wanted a world forum. Although they had failed in their first
experiment during the First World War yet they were firmly committed
to peace. The result of their tireless effort was the birth of the United
Nations Organization.
Foundation of the UNO
After a series of conferences such as the Atlantic Charter, Yalta
Conference and Potsdam Conference finally in 1944 at Dumbarton
Oaks in USA the creation of UNO was finalized. The Charter of the
United Nations (U.N.) was signed by the representatives of fifty one
nations at San Francisco on 26
th
 June 1945.
Delegates of fifty one countries after a long discussion,
accepted the scheme and they published a U.N. Charter. On 24
th
LESSON 33
UNITED NATIONS ORGANISATION
Learning Objectives
Students will acquire knowledge about
1. The foundation of the UNO.
2. Aims of the UNO.
3. Organization of the UNO.
4. Achievements of the UNO.
5. Non-Political functions of the UNO.
Page 2


343
The Second World War proved to be more destructive than the
First World War. For the first time atomic weapon was used. The
people of the whole world were  afraid of the consequences of such
wars in future. In order to bring the quarreling countries to talks and
negotiate for peace countries like the USA, the USSR  and  the UK
wanted a world forum. Although they had failed in their first
experiment during the First World War yet they were firmly committed
to peace. The result of their tireless effort was the birth of the United
Nations Organization.
Foundation of the UNO
After a series of conferences such as the Atlantic Charter, Yalta
Conference and Potsdam Conference finally in 1944 at Dumbarton
Oaks in USA the creation of UNO was finalized. The Charter of the
United Nations (U.N.) was signed by the representatives of fifty one
nations at San Francisco on 26
th
 June 1945.
Delegates of fifty one countries after a long discussion,
accepted the scheme and they published a U.N. Charter. On 24
th
LESSON 33
UNITED NATIONS ORGANISATION
Learning Objectives
Students will acquire knowledge about
1. The foundation of the UNO.
2. Aims of the UNO.
3. Organization of the UNO.
4. Achievements of the UNO.
5. Non-Political functions of the UNO.
345 344
organ is to consider issues relating to  international peace and security
and to discuss important international problems. UNO has a Secretary
General. The official languages of UNO are English, French, Spanish,
Russian, Chinese and Arabic. Now [2006] UN has 192 member
countries.
The Security Council
It is the chief executive body of the U.N.O.  It consists of
fifteen members - five permanent and ten temporary. Russia, China,
U.S.A., France and Great Britain are the permanent members of the
Security Council of the U.N.O.  Its main function is to preserve
peace and security in the world. It can take diplomatic and economic
steps against those nations who violate the constitution of the U.N.O.
Each of the five permanent members has a powerful vote known as
veto.
October 1945, the United Nations came into  being. The UN
Headquarters is located in New York, USA.
Aims of the UNO
The fundamental aims of the U.N.O. as set forth in the
Charter are :
(i) To maintain and preserve international peace and security.
(ii) To develop friendly relations and harmony among the countries.
(iii) To grant equal rights and self-determination to all countries.
(iv) To solve economic, social, cultural and humanitarian
problems  through international cooperation.
(v) To promote respect for human rights, dignity and freedom.
(vi) Not to intervene in the matters which are directly related with
the domestic jurisdiction of any country.
Organization of the U.N.O.
The U.N.O. consists of six main bodies which are as follows :
(i) The General Assembly.
(ii) The Security Council
(iii) The Economic and Social Council
(iv) The Trusteeship Council.
(v) The International Court of Justice
(vi) The Secretariat.
The General Assembly
It is a deliberative body of the United Nations Organization.
This body consistis of five representatives of each member state.
But each member state has only one vote. The main function of this
General Assembly
International
Court of
Justice
Secretariat
Trusteeship Council
Security
Council
Economic and
Social Council
Organs of U.N.O.
Page 3


343
The Second World War proved to be more destructive than the
First World War. For the first time atomic weapon was used. The
people of the whole world were  afraid of the consequences of such
wars in future. In order to bring the quarreling countries to talks and
negotiate for peace countries like the USA, the USSR  and  the UK
wanted a world forum. Although they had failed in their first
experiment during the First World War yet they were firmly committed
to peace. The result of their tireless effort was the birth of the United
Nations Organization.
Foundation of the UNO
After a series of conferences such as the Atlantic Charter, Yalta
Conference and Potsdam Conference finally in 1944 at Dumbarton
Oaks in USA the creation of UNO was finalized. The Charter of the
United Nations (U.N.) was signed by the representatives of fifty one
nations at San Francisco on 26
th
 June 1945.
Delegates of fifty one countries after a long discussion,
accepted the scheme and they published a U.N. Charter. On 24
th
LESSON 33
UNITED NATIONS ORGANISATION
Learning Objectives
Students will acquire knowledge about
1. The foundation of the UNO.
2. Aims of the UNO.
3. Organization of the UNO.
4. Achievements of the UNO.
5. Non-Political functions of the UNO.
345 344
organ is to consider issues relating to  international peace and security
and to discuss important international problems. UNO has a Secretary
General. The official languages of UNO are English, French, Spanish,
Russian, Chinese and Arabic. Now [2006] UN has 192 member
countries.
The Security Council
It is the chief executive body of the U.N.O.  It consists of
fifteen members - five permanent and ten temporary. Russia, China,
U.S.A., France and Great Britain are the permanent members of the
Security Council of the U.N.O.  Its main function is to preserve
peace and security in the world. It can take diplomatic and economic
steps against those nations who violate the constitution of the U.N.O.
Each of the five permanent members has a powerful vote known as
veto.
October 1945, the United Nations came into  being. The UN
Headquarters is located in New York, USA.
Aims of the UNO
The fundamental aims of the U.N.O. as set forth in the
Charter are :
(i) To maintain and preserve international peace and security.
(ii) To develop friendly relations and harmony among the countries.
(iii) To grant equal rights and self-determination to all countries.
(iv) To solve economic, social, cultural and humanitarian
problems  through international cooperation.
(v) To promote respect for human rights, dignity and freedom.
(vi) Not to intervene in the matters which are directly related with
the domestic jurisdiction of any country.
Organization of the U.N.O.
The U.N.O. consists of six main bodies which are as follows :
(i) The General Assembly.
(ii) The Security Council
(iii) The Economic and Social Council
(iv) The Trusteeship Council.
(v) The International Court of Justice
(vi) The Secretariat.
The General Assembly
It is a deliberative body of the United Nations Organization.
This body consistis of five representatives of each member state.
But each member state has only one vote. The main function of this
General Assembly
International
Court of
Justice
Secretariat
Trusteeship Council
Security
Council
Economic and
Social Council
Organs of U.N.O.
347 346
by the General Assembly and the Security Council for nine years. Its
main function is to solve the legal disputes of the member states of
UNO.
The Secretariat
It consists of the working staff of the U.N.O. The chief of the
Secretariat is called the Secretary General who is appointed by the
General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council.
The main function of this body is to assist all bodies of the U.N.O.
Achievements of the U N O
From the very beginning, the United Nations Organization had
to deal with a large number of conflicts and problems in the
international field. The Security Council of the U.N.O. made several
efforts to solve those problems. But the efforts of the Security Council
had been greatly hampered by the free use of the veto power. During
the year 1946-47, Russia exercised the right of veto on twenty-two
occasions. But in spite of this serious handicap  U.N.O. has achieved
success in solving many problems. some of them are as follows :
Decolonisation
UNO assisted the colonized countries of Asia, Africa and Latin
America to attain their independence from the colonial masters. This
process is known as decolonization. After the establishment of UNO
the process of decolonization was quickly achieved.
Maintenance of Peace
The main function of UNO had been the maintenance of peace
in the world. UNO achieved peace in the following conflict situations.
The Problem of Iran
On 1
st
 January 1946, Iran presented a complaint against Russia
before the U.N.O. The root cause of the conflict was stationing  of
The Economic and Social Council
This council is composed of eighteen members (there are
twenty-seven members at present). All members of this council are
elected by the General Assembly. It is directly responsible to the
General Assembly. The fundamental principle of this body is  to create
a spirit of universal respect for human rights and to promote a higher
cultural educational standard. Its function is to raise the standard of
living of the people, to assure them employment. The UNO believes
that world peace could be maintained  only when the people enjoy a
high economic and social standard of living.
The Social and Economic Council works through the
cooperation of several special committees and commissions. such
as, The United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization
(UNESCO), The United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation
Administration (UNRRA), Food and Agricultural Organization
(F.A.O.), International Labour Organization (I.L.O.), International
Bank, World Health Organization (W.H.O.) etc. This organ has
rendered undoubtedly great services to the mankind since 1945.
The Trusteeship Council
This Council is composed of the representatives of permanent
members of the Security Council, representatives of all those states
which hold the administration of colonies and some other
representatives elected by the General Assembly. The main function
of the Trusteeship Council is to preserve the interests of the territories
handed over to it and to help the General Assembly in the
administration of those countries over which the U.N.O. holds
Trusteeship.
The International Court of Justice
It is the judicial organ of the U.N.O. It has its headquarters at
The Hague (Netherlands). It is composed of fifteen judges elected
Page 4


343
The Second World War proved to be more destructive than the
First World War. For the first time atomic weapon was used. The
people of the whole world were  afraid of the consequences of such
wars in future. In order to bring the quarreling countries to talks and
negotiate for peace countries like the USA, the USSR  and  the UK
wanted a world forum. Although they had failed in their first
experiment during the First World War yet they were firmly committed
to peace. The result of their tireless effort was the birth of the United
Nations Organization.
Foundation of the UNO
After a series of conferences such as the Atlantic Charter, Yalta
Conference and Potsdam Conference finally in 1944 at Dumbarton
Oaks in USA the creation of UNO was finalized. The Charter of the
United Nations (U.N.) was signed by the representatives of fifty one
nations at San Francisco on 26
th
 June 1945.
Delegates of fifty one countries after a long discussion,
accepted the scheme and they published a U.N. Charter. On 24
th
LESSON 33
UNITED NATIONS ORGANISATION
Learning Objectives
Students will acquire knowledge about
1. The foundation of the UNO.
2. Aims of the UNO.
3. Organization of the UNO.
4. Achievements of the UNO.
5. Non-Political functions of the UNO.
345 344
organ is to consider issues relating to  international peace and security
and to discuss important international problems. UNO has a Secretary
General. The official languages of UNO are English, French, Spanish,
Russian, Chinese and Arabic. Now [2006] UN has 192 member
countries.
The Security Council
It is the chief executive body of the U.N.O.  It consists of
fifteen members - five permanent and ten temporary. Russia, China,
U.S.A., France and Great Britain are the permanent members of the
Security Council of the U.N.O.  Its main function is to preserve
peace and security in the world. It can take diplomatic and economic
steps against those nations who violate the constitution of the U.N.O.
Each of the five permanent members has a powerful vote known as
veto.
October 1945, the United Nations came into  being. The UN
Headquarters is located in New York, USA.
Aims of the UNO
The fundamental aims of the U.N.O. as set forth in the
Charter are :
(i) To maintain and preserve international peace and security.
(ii) To develop friendly relations and harmony among the countries.
(iii) To grant equal rights and self-determination to all countries.
(iv) To solve economic, social, cultural and humanitarian
problems  through international cooperation.
(v) To promote respect for human rights, dignity and freedom.
(vi) Not to intervene in the matters which are directly related with
the domestic jurisdiction of any country.
Organization of the U.N.O.
The U.N.O. consists of six main bodies which are as follows :
(i) The General Assembly.
(ii) The Security Council
(iii) The Economic and Social Council
(iv) The Trusteeship Council.
(v) The International Court of Justice
(vi) The Secretariat.
The General Assembly
It is a deliberative body of the United Nations Organization.
This body consistis of five representatives of each member state.
But each member state has only one vote. The main function of this
General Assembly
International
Court of
Justice
Secretariat
Trusteeship Council
Security
Council
Economic and
Social Council
Organs of U.N.O.
347 346
by the General Assembly and the Security Council for nine years. Its
main function is to solve the legal disputes of the member states of
UNO.
The Secretariat
It consists of the working staff of the U.N.O. The chief of the
Secretariat is called the Secretary General who is appointed by the
General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council.
The main function of this body is to assist all bodies of the U.N.O.
Achievements of the U N O
From the very beginning, the United Nations Organization had
to deal with a large number of conflicts and problems in the
international field. The Security Council of the U.N.O. made several
efforts to solve those problems. But the efforts of the Security Council
had been greatly hampered by the free use of the veto power. During
the year 1946-47, Russia exercised the right of veto on twenty-two
occasions. But in spite of this serious handicap  U.N.O. has achieved
success in solving many problems. some of them are as follows :
Decolonisation
UNO assisted the colonized countries of Asia, Africa and Latin
America to attain their independence from the colonial masters. This
process is known as decolonization. After the establishment of UNO
the process of decolonization was quickly achieved.
Maintenance of Peace
The main function of UNO had been the maintenance of peace
in the world. UNO achieved peace in the following conflict situations.
The Problem of Iran
On 1
st
 January 1946, Iran presented a complaint against Russia
before the U.N.O. The root cause of the conflict was stationing  of
The Economic and Social Council
This council is composed of eighteen members (there are
twenty-seven members at present). All members of this council are
elected by the General Assembly. It is directly responsible to the
General Assembly. The fundamental principle of this body is  to create
a spirit of universal respect for human rights and to promote a higher
cultural educational standard. Its function is to raise the standard of
living of the people, to assure them employment. The UNO believes
that world peace could be maintained  only when the people enjoy a
high economic and social standard of living.
The Social and Economic Council works through the
cooperation of several special committees and commissions. such
as, The United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization
(UNESCO), The United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation
Administration (UNRRA), Food and Agricultural Organization
(F.A.O.), International Labour Organization (I.L.O.), International
Bank, World Health Organization (W.H.O.) etc. This organ has
rendered undoubtedly great services to the mankind since 1945.
The Trusteeship Council
This Council is composed of the representatives of permanent
members of the Security Council, representatives of all those states
which hold the administration of colonies and some other
representatives elected by the General Assembly. The main function
of the Trusteeship Council is to preserve the interests of the territories
handed over to it and to help the General Assembly in the
administration of those countries over which the U.N.O. holds
Trusteeship.
The International Court of Justice
It is the judicial organ of the U.N.O. It has its headquarters at
The Hague (Netherlands). It is composed of fifteen judges elected
349 348
in Palestine between the Arab League and the newly established Israel.
The UNO  took effective steps to diffuse the tension in Palestine.
The Kashmir Problem
This problem arose between India and Pakistan. Both of them fell
into a state of great  rivalry on this issue. This problem was brought to
the notice of the U.N.O. It made its best efforts to remove hostility and
differences between them. As a result of its mediation, the war was
stopped between India and Pakistan. But this problem could not be solved
permanently. It still awaits a peaceful and permanent solution.
The Problem of Korea
Before the beginning of the Second World War, the whole of
Korea was under the control of Japan. After the Second World War,
Russia and America decided to divide Korea on the 38th parallel
line. On 24
th
 June 1950 the army of the North Korea made a fierce
attack over South Korea. The matter was again brought before the
U.N.O. Hence, the Security Council decided to take some strong
steps against North Korea. UNO sent its army under the command
of an American, General Douglas MacArthur. A treaty was signed
on July 27, 1953 by which the U.N.O. withdrew its military action.
Other Important Problems
UNO tried to bring peaceful conclusion of many other problems
such as Suez Crisis [1956], Cyprus issue [1960], Congo problem
[1960], Gulf War [1990].
Besides, UNO was concerned about arms control and
disarmament, particularly the nuclear disarmament and control of
nuclear weapons.
Non-Political Achievements
UNO has achieved considerable success in non-political
matters. Such as ending racial discrimination [called Apartheid] in
Russian troops in  Iran. U.N.O. took a very strong line as a
consequence of this, the Russian troops were withdrawn from Iran,
which had been stationed there for many years. This was the first
and the most important achievement of the U.N.O.
Syria and Lebanon
 Similar complaint was also made by Syria and Lebanon before
the U.N.O. Both of them requested the U.N.O. that British and French
troops should be immediately removed from their respective states.
The Security Council, therefore, made its efforts and at last it
succeeded in securing the withdrawal of British and French troops
from those states.
Indonesia
After the end of the Second World War, the nationalists living
in Indonesia established a republican government. But the Dutch living
in the colonies of Java and Sumatra rose in rebellion against the
nationalists. The Security Council issued a cease-fire order to both
sides. The Dutch agreed to grant full independence to Indonesia.
The Palestine Problem
After the end of the First World War, Palestine had been handed
over to Great Britain under the mandate system. But the struggle arose
between the Arabs and the Jews which created disturbance and tension
in Palestine. After the Second World War U.N.O. appointed a special
committee to study the problem of Palestine. The Committee
recommended immediate partition of Palestine into three parts - an Arab
State, a Jewish State and the City of Jerusalem which was to be governed
by the Trusteeship Council of the U.N.O. Thus, an independent state of
Israel was established for the Jews in 1948.
The Arabs bitterly opposed the plan of the partition of Palestine.
They rose in revolt against the Jews. Consequently, a civil war broke out
Page 5


343
The Second World War proved to be more destructive than the
First World War. For the first time atomic weapon was used. The
people of the whole world were  afraid of the consequences of such
wars in future. In order to bring the quarreling countries to talks and
negotiate for peace countries like the USA, the USSR  and  the UK
wanted a world forum. Although they had failed in their first
experiment during the First World War yet they were firmly committed
to peace. The result of their tireless effort was the birth of the United
Nations Organization.
Foundation of the UNO
After a series of conferences such as the Atlantic Charter, Yalta
Conference and Potsdam Conference finally in 1944 at Dumbarton
Oaks in USA the creation of UNO was finalized. The Charter of the
United Nations (U.N.) was signed by the representatives of fifty one
nations at San Francisco on 26
th
 June 1945.
Delegates of fifty one countries after a long discussion,
accepted the scheme and they published a U.N. Charter. On 24
th
LESSON 33
UNITED NATIONS ORGANISATION
Learning Objectives
Students will acquire knowledge about
1. The foundation of the UNO.
2. Aims of the UNO.
3. Organization of the UNO.
4. Achievements of the UNO.
5. Non-Political functions of the UNO.
345 344
organ is to consider issues relating to  international peace and security
and to discuss important international problems. UNO has a Secretary
General. The official languages of UNO are English, French, Spanish,
Russian, Chinese and Arabic. Now [2006] UN has 192 member
countries.
The Security Council
It is the chief executive body of the U.N.O.  It consists of
fifteen members - five permanent and ten temporary. Russia, China,
U.S.A., France and Great Britain are the permanent members of the
Security Council of the U.N.O.  Its main function is to preserve
peace and security in the world. It can take diplomatic and economic
steps against those nations who violate the constitution of the U.N.O.
Each of the five permanent members has a powerful vote known as
veto.
October 1945, the United Nations came into  being. The UN
Headquarters is located in New York, USA.
Aims of the UNO
The fundamental aims of the U.N.O. as set forth in the
Charter are :
(i) To maintain and preserve international peace and security.
(ii) To develop friendly relations and harmony among the countries.
(iii) To grant equal rights and self-determination to all countries.
(iv) To solve economic, social, cultural and humanitarian
problems  through international cooperation.
(v) To promote respect for human rights, dignity and freedom.
(vi) Not to intervene in the matters which are directly related with
the domestic jurisdiction of any country.
Organization of the U.N.O.
The U.N.O. consists of six main bodies which are as follows :
(i) The General Assembly.
(ii) The Security Council
(iii) The Economic and Social Council
(iv) The Trusteeship Council.
(v) The International Court of Justice
(vi) The Secretariat.
The General Assembly
It is a deliberative body of the United Nations Organization.
This body consistis of five representatives of each member state.
But each member state has only one vote. The main function of this
General Assembly
International
Court of
Justice
Secretariat
Trusteeship Council
Security
Council
Economic and
Social Council
Organs of U.N.O.
347 346
by the General Assembly and the Security Council for nine years. Its
main function is to solve the legal disputes of the member states of
UNO.
The Secretariat
It consists of the working staff of the U.N.O. The chief of the
Secretariat is called the Secretary General who is appointed by the
General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council.
The main function of this body is to assist all bodies of the U.N.O.
Achievements of the U N O
From the very beginning, the United Nations Organization had
to deal with a large number of conflicts and problems in the
international field. The Security Council of the U.N.O. made several
efforts to solve those problems. But the efforts of the Security Council
had been greatly hampered by the free use of the veto power. During
the year 1946-47, Russia exercised the right of veto on twenty-two
occasions. But in spite of this serious handicap  U.N.O. has achieved
success in solving many problems. some of them are as follows :
Decolonisation
UNO assisted the colonized countries of Asia, Africa and Latin
America to attain their independence from the colonial masters. This
process is known as decolonization. After the establishment of UNO
the process of decolonization was quickly achieved.
Maintenance of Peace
The main function of UNO had been the maintenance of peace
in the world. UNO achieved peace in the following conflict situations.
The Problem of Iran
On 1
st
 January 1946, Iran presented a complaint against Russia
before the U.N.O. The root cause of the conflict was stationing  of
The Economic and Social Council
This council is composed of eighteen members (there are
twenty-seven members at present). All members of this council are
elected by the General Assembly. It is directly responsible to the
General Assembly. The fundamental principle of this body is  to create
a spirit of universal respect for human rights and to promote a higher
cultural educational standard. Its function is to raise the standard of
living of the people, to assure them employment. The UNO believes
that world peace could be maintained  only when the people enjoy a
high economic and social standard of living.
The Social and Economic Council works through the
cooperation of several special committees and commissions. such
as, The United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization
(UNESCO), The United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation
Administration (UNRRA), Food and Agricultural Organization
(F.A.O.), International Labour Organization (I.L.O.), International
Bank, World Health Organization (W.H.O.) etc. This organ has
rendered undoubtedly great services to the mankind since 1945.
The Trusteeship Council
This Council is composed of the representatives of permanent
members of the Security Council, representatives of all those states
which hold the administration of colonies and some other
representatives elected by the General Assembly. The main function
of the Trusteeship Council is to preserve the interests of the territories
handed over to it and to help the General Assembly in the
administration of those countries over which the U.N.O. holds
Trusteeship.
The International Court of Justice
It is the judicial organ of the U.N.O. It has its headquarters at
The Hague (Netherlands). It is composed of fifteen judges elected
349 348
in Palestine between the Arab League and the newly established Israel.
The UNO  took effective steps to diffuse the tension in Palestine.
The Kashmir Problem
This problem arose between India and Pakistan. Both of them fell
into a state of great  rivalry on this issue. This problem was brought to
the notice of the U.N.O. It made its best efforts to remove hostility and
differences between them. As a result of its mediation, the war was
stopped between India and Pakistan. But this problem could not be solved
permanently. It still awaits a peaceful and permanent solution.
The Problem of Korea
Before the beginning of the Second World War, the whole of
Korea was under the control of Japan. After the Second World War,
Russia and America decided to divide Korea on the 38th parallel
line. On 24
th
 June 1950 the army of the North Korea made a fierce
attack over South Korea. The matter was again brought before the
U.N.O. Hence, the Security Council decided to take some strong
steps against North Korea. UNO sent its army under the command
of an American, General Douglas MacArthur. A treaty was signed
on July 27, 1953 by which the U.N.O. withdrew its military action.
Other Important Problems
UNO tried to bring peaceful conclusion of many other problems
such as Suez Crisis [1956], Cyprus issue [1960], Congo problem
[1960], Gulf War [1990].
Besides, UNO was concerned about arms control and
disarmament, particularly the nuclear disarmament and control of
nuclear weapons.
Non-Political Achievements
UNO has achieved considerable success in non-political
matters. Such as ending racial discrimination [called Apartheid] in
Russian troops in  Iran. U.N.O. took a very strong line as a
consequence of this, the Russian troops were withdrawn from Iran,
which had been stationed there for many years. This was the first
and the most important achievement of the U.N.O.
Syria and Lebanon
 Similar complaint was also made by Syria and Lebanon before
the U.N.O. Both of them requested the U.N.O. that British and French
troops should be immediately removed from their respective states.
The Security Council, therefore, made its efforts and at last it
succeeded in securing the withdrawal of British and French troops
from those states.
Indonesia
After the end of the Second World War, the nationalists living
in Indonesia established a republican government. But the Dutch living
in the colonies of Java and Sumatra rose in rebellion against the
nationalists. The Security Council issued a cease-fire order to both
sides. The Dutch agreed to grant full independence to Indonesia.
The Palestine Problem
After the end of the First World War, Palestine had been handed
over to Great Britain under the mandate system. But the struggle arose
between the Arabs and the Jews which created disturbance and tension
in Palestine. After the Second World War U.N.O. appointed a special
committee to study the problem of Palestine. The Committee
recommended immediate partition of Palestine into three parts - an Arab
State, a Jewish State and the City of Jerusalem which was to be governed
by the Trusteeship Council of the U.N.O. Thus, an independent state of
Israel was established for the Jews in 1948.
The Arabs bitterly opposed the plan of the partition of Palestine.
They rose in revolt against the Jews. Consequently, a civil war broke out
351 350
MODEL QUESTIONS
I. Choose the correct answer.
1. The headquarters of the United Nations is located in
(a) Geneva (b) The Hague
(c) New York (d) San Francisco
II. Fill in the blanks.
1. The United Nations was founded on ……
2. The judicial organ of the United Nations is …..
III. Match the following.
1. United Nations Charter a. 1956
2. Suez Crisis b. 1960
3. Cyprus Issue c. 1990
4. Gulf War d. 1945
IV. Find out the correct statement. One statement alone is
right.
a. UNO is the first world organization to be established to maintain
world peace.
b. International Labour Organisation has its Headquarters at
Rome.
c. International Court of Justice has 15 Judges.
d. WHO is one of the six main organs of the UNO.
South Africa, protecting human rights and providing financial
assistance to many developing countries from World Bank, IDA and
IMF.
The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose
stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law,
international security, economic development, and social equity. UNO
was successful in its main objectives, in spite of difficulties and set
backs.
Learning Outcome
After learning this lesson the students will be to explain
1. The foundation of the UNO after the Second World War.
2. The aims and objectives of the UNO as an international
organization.
3. The structure of the UNO and its mode of functioning.
4. The achievements of the UNO in settling issues between
nations and promoting world peace.
5. The non-political achievements of the UNO.