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Class X Chapter-4 – Analytical Chemistry  Chemistry  
______________________________________________________________________________ 
 
 
EXERCISE- 1 (A) 
 
Question 1: 
Write the probable colour of the following salts. 
(a) Ferrous salts 
(b) Ammonium salts  
(c) Cupric salts 
(d) Calcium salts  
(e) Aluminium Salts 
Solution 1: 
(a) Ferrous salts : Light green 
(b) Ammonium salts : Colourless 
(c) Cupric salts : Blue 
(d) Calcium salts : Colourless 
(e) Aluminium salts : Colourless 
 
 
Question 2: 
Name: 
(a) a metallic hydroxide soluble in excess of NH4OH. 
(b) a metallic oxide solube in excess of caustic soda solution. 
(c) a strong alkali 
(d) a weak alkali 
(e) two coloured metal ions 
(f) two coloured metal ions 
(g) a metal that evolves a gas which burns with a pop sound when boiled with alkali solutions. 
(h) two bases which are not alkalis but dissolves in alkalis to yield colourless solutions.  
(j) a coloured cation not a representative element. 
Solution 2: 
(a) Cu(OH)2 
(b) ZnO 
(c) NaOH 
(d) NH4OH 
(e) Na
+
, Ca
2+
 
(f) Fe
2+
, Mn
2+
 
(g) Aluminium 
 
Page 2


Class X Chapter-4 – Analytical Chemistry  Chemistry  
______________________________________________________________________________ 
 
 
EXERCISE- 1 (A) 
 
Question 1: 
Write the probable colour of the following salts. 
(a) Ferrous salts 
(b) Ammonium salts  
(c) Cupric salts 
(d) Calcium salts  
(e) Aluminium Salts 
Solution 1: 
(a) Ferrous salts : Light green 
(b) Ammonium salts : Colourless 
(c) Cupric salts : Blue 
(d) Calcium salts : Colourless 
(e) Aluminium salts : Colourless 
 
 
Question 2: 
Name: 
(a) a metallic hydroxide soluble in excess of NH4OH. 
(b) a metallic oxide solube in excess of caustic soda solution. 
(c) a strong alkali 
(d) a weak alkali 
(e) two coloured metal ions 
(f) two coloured metal ions 
(g) a metal that evolves a gas which burns with a pop sound when boiled with alkali solutions. 
(h) two bases which are not alkalis but dissolves in alkalis to yield colourless solutions.  
(j) a coloured cation not a representative element. 
Solution 2: 
(a) Cu(OH)2 
(b) ZnO 
(c) NaOH 
(d) NH4OH 
(e) Na
+
, Ca
2+
 
(f) Fe
2+
, Mn
2+
 
(g) Aluminium 
 
Class X Chapter-4 – Analytical Chemistry  Chemistry  
______________________________________________________________________________ 
 
(h) Zn(OH)2 and Al(OH)3 
(i) PbO 
(j) Ammonium ion 
 
 
Question 3: 
Write balanced equations for Q.2 (g) and (i) 
Solution 3: 
2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O ? 2NaAlO2 + 3H2 
 (Hot and conc.)         Sodium meta aluminate 
                                             (colourless) 
PbO + 2NaOH ? Na2PbO2  + H2O 
(Yellow)                sodium plumbate 
                              (colourless, soluble) 
 
 
Question 4: 
What happens when ammonia solution is added first dropwise and then in excess to the 
following solution: 
(i) CuSO4      (ii) ZnSO4     (iii) FeCI3 
Write balanced equations for these reactions. 
Solution 4: 
(i)  
CuSO4 + 2NH4OH ? Cu(OH)2 ? (NH4)2 SO4 
Blue                             pale blue ppt.  colourless is solution  
With excess of NH4OH, ppt dissolves 
CU(OH)2 + (NH4)2SO4 + 2NH4OH ? [Cu(NH3)4]SO4 + 4H2O 
                                                  Excess             Tetrammine 
                                                                            Copper(II) Sulphate  
(ii)  
ZnSO4 + 2NH4OH ? Zn(OH)2  + (NH4)2 SO4 
Colourless                 white, gelatinous ppt    colourless 
With excess of NH4OH, ppt dissolves 
Zn(OH)2 + (NH4)2SO4 + 2NH4OH ? [Zn(NH3)4]SO4 + 4H2O 
                                                  (excess)          Tetramminezinc(II) Sulphate  
                                                                               (colourless)  
 
Page 3


Class X Chapter-4 – Analytical Chemistry  Chemistry  
______________________________________________________________________________ 
 
 
EXERCISE- 1 (A) 
 
Question 1: 
Write the probable colour of the following salts. 
(a) Ferrous salts 
(b) Ammonium salts  
(c) Cupric salts 
(d) Calcium salts  
(e) Aluminium Salts 
Solution 1: 
(a) Ferrous salts : Light green 
(b) Ammonium salts : Colourless 
(c) Cupric salts : Blue 
(d) Calcium salts : Colourless 
(e) Aluminium salts : Colourless 
 
 
Question 2: 
Name: 
(a) a metallic hydroxide soluble in excess of NH4OH. 
(b) a metallic oxide solube in excess of caustic soda solution. 
(c) a strong alkali 
(d) a weak alkali 
(e) two coloured metal ions 
(f) two coloured metal ions 
(g) a metal that evolves a gas which burns with a pop sound when boiled with alkali solutions. 
(h) two bases which are not alkalis but dissolves in alkalis to yield colourless solutions.  
(j) a coloured cation not a representative element. 
Solution 2: 
(a) Cu(OH)2 
(b) ZnO 
(c) NaOH 
(d) NH4OH 
(e) Na
+
, Ca
2+
 
(f) Fe
2+
, Mn
2+
 
(g) Aluminium 
 
Class X Chapter-4 – Analytical Chemistry  Chemistry  
______________________________________________________________________________ 
 
(h) Zn(OH)2 and Al(OH)3 
(i) PbO 
(j) Ammonium ion 
 
 
Question 3: 
Write balanced equations for Q.2 (g) and (i) 
Solution 3: 
2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O ? 2NaAlO2 + 3H2 
 (Hot and conc.)         Sodium meta aluminate 
                                             (colourless) 
PbO + 2NaOH ? Na2PbO2  + H2O 
(Yellow)                sodium plumbate 
                              (colourless, soluble) 
 
 
Question 4: 
What happens when ammonia solution is added first dropwise and then in excess to the 
following solution: 
(i) CuSO4      (ii) ZnSO4     (iii) FeCI3 
Write balanced equations for these reactions. 
Solution 4: 
(i)  
CuSO4 + 2NH4OH ? Cu(OH)2 ? (NH4)2 SO4 
Blue                             pale blue ppt.  colourless is solution  
With excess of NH4OH, ppt dissolves 
CU(OH)2 + (NH4)2SO4 + 2NH4OH ? [Cu(NH3)4]SO4 + 4H2O 
                                                  Excess             Tetrammine 
                                                                            Copper(II) Sulphate  
(ii)  
ZnSO4 + 2NH4OH ? Zn(OH)2  + (NH4)2 SO4 
Colourless                 white, gelatinous ppt    colourless 
With excess of NH4OH, ppt dissolves 
Zn(OH)2 + (NH4)2SO4 + 2NH4OH ? [Zn(NH3)4]SO4 + 4H2O 
                                                  (excess)          Tetramminezinc(II) Sulphate  
                                                                               (colourless)  
 
Class X Chapter-4 – Analytical Chemistry  Chemistry  
______________________________________________________________________________ 
 
(iii)  
FeCI3 + 3NH4OH  ? Fe(OH)3  ?  + 3NH4CI 
Yellow solution            reddish brown ppt.    colourless in solution 
 
 
Question 5: 
What do you observe when caustic soda solution is added to the following solution, first a little 
and then in excess: 
(a) FeCI3 
(b) ZnSO4 
(c) Pb(NO3)2 
(d) CuSO4 
Write balanced equations for these reactions. 
Solution 5: 
(i) FeCI3 + 3NaOH ? Fe(OH)3 ? 3 NaCI 
     Yellow                      reddish brown, ppt   colourless in solution  
      In excess of alkali, the reddish brown ppt, of Fe(OH)3 remains insoluble  
 
(ii)  ZnSO4 + 2NaOH ? Zn(OH)2 ? + NaSO4 
         Colourless            white gelatinous ppt. colourless 
      In excess of alkali, white gelatinous ppt. of Zn(OH)2  becomes soluble  
      Zn(OH)2  + 2NaOH (Excess) ? Na2ZnO2 + 2H2O 
                                                             Sodium zincate (colourless) 
 
(iii) Pb(NO3)2 + 2NaOH ? Pb(OH)2 ? + 2NaNO3 
                                                        White ppt    (colourless) 
 
In excess of alkali, white precipitate of Pb(OH)2 becom essoluble:  
Pb(OH)2 + 2NaOH(excess) ? Na2PbO2 + 2H2O 
                                                             Sodium plumbate 
                                                              {colourless} 
CuSO4 + 2NaOH ? Cu(OH)2 ? + 2NaSO4 
Blue         colourless        pale blue ppt. { colourless} 
In excess of alkali, pale blue precipitate of Cu(OH)2 is insoluble  
 
 
 
 
Page 4


Class X Chapter-4 – Analytical Chemistry  Chemistry  
______________________________________________________________________________ 
 
 
EXERCISE- 1 (A) 
 
Question 1: 
Write the probable colour of the following salts. 
(a) Ferrous salts 
(b) Ammonium salts  
(c) Cupric salts 
(d) Calcium salts  
(e) Aluminium Salts 
Solution 1: 
(a) Ferrous salts : Light green 
(b) Ammonium salts : Colourless 
(c) Cupric salts : Blue 
(d) Calcium salts : Colourless 
(e) Aluminium salts : Colourless 
 
 
Question 2: 
Name: 
(a) a metallic hydroxide soluble in excess of NH4OH. 
(b) a metallic oxide solube in excess of caustic soda solution. 
(c) a strong alkali 
(d) a weak alkali 
(e) two coloured metal ions 
(f) two coloured metal ions 
(g) a metal that evolves a gas which burns with a pop sound when boiled with alkali solutions. 
(h) two bases which are not alkalis but dissolves in alkalis to yield colourless solutions.  
(j) a coloured cation not a representative element. 
Solution 2: 
(a) Cu(OH)2 
(b) ZnO 
(c) NaOH 
(d) NH4OH 
(e) Na
+
, Ca
2+
 
(f) Fe
2+
, Mn
2+
 
(g) Aluminium 
 
Class X Chapter-4 – Analytical Chemistry  Chemistry  
______________________________________________________________________________ 
 
(h) Zn(OH)2 and Al(OH)3 
(i) PbO 
(j) Ammonium ion 
 
 
Question 3: 
Write balanced equations for Q.2 (g) and (i) 
Solution 3: 
2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O ? 2NaAlO2 + 3H2 
 (Hot and conc.)         Sodium meta aluminate 
                                             (colourless) 
PbO + 2NaOH ? Na2PbO2  + H2O 
(Yellow)                sodium plumbate 
                              (colourless, soluble) 
 
 
Question 4: 
What happens when ammonia solution is added first dropwise and then in excess to the 
following solution: 
(i) CuSO4      (ii) ZnSO4     (iii) FeCI3 
Write balanced equations for these reactions. 
Solution 4: 
(i)  
CuSO4 + 2NH4OH ? Cu(OH)2 ? (NH4)2 SO4 
Blue                             pale blue ppt.  colourless is solution  
With excess of NH4OH, ppt dissolves 
CU(OH)2 + (NH4)2SO4 + 2NH4OH ? [Cu(NH3)4]SO4 + 4H2O 
                                                  Excess             Tetrammine 
                                                                            Copper(II) Sulphate  
(ii)  
ZnSO4 + 2NH4OH ? Zn(OH)2  + (NH4)2 SO4 
Colourless                 white, gelatinous ppt    colourless 
With excess of NH4OH, ppt dissolves 
Zn(OH)2 + (NH4)2SO4 + 2NH4OH ? [Zn(NH3)4]SO4 + 4H2O 
                                                  (excess)          Tetramminezinc(II) Sulphate  
                                                                               (colourless)  
 
Class X Chapter-4 – Analytical Chemistry  Chemistry  
______________________________________________________________________________ 
 
(iii)  
FeCI3 + 3NH4OH  ? Fe(OH)3  ?  + 3NH4CI 
Yellow solution            reddish brown ppt.    colourless in solution 
 
 
Question 5: 
What do you observe when caustic soda solution is added to the following solution, first a little 
and then in excess: 
(a) FeCI3 
(b) ZnSO4 
(c) Pb(NO3)2 
(d) CuSO4 
Write balanced equations for these reactions. 
Solution 5: 
(i) FeCI3 + 3NaOH ? Fe(OH)3 ? 3 NaCI 
     Yellow                      reddish brown, ppt   colourless in solution  
      In excess of alkali, the reddish brown ppt, of Fe(OH)3 remains insoluble  
 
(ii)  ZnSO4 + 2NaOH ? Zn(OH)2 ? + NaSO4 
         Colourless            white gelatinous ppt. colourless 
      In excess of alkali, white gelatinous ppt. of Zn(OH)2  becomes soluble  
      Zn(OH)2  + 2NaOH (Excess) ? Na2ZnO2 + 2H2O 
                                                             Sodium zincate (colourless) 
 
(iii) Pb(NO3)2 + 2NaOH ? Pb(OH)2 ? + 2NaNO3 
                                                        White ppt    (colourless) 
 
In excess of alkali, white precipitate of Pb(OH)2 becom essoluble:  
Pb(OH)2 + 2NaOH(excess) ? Na2PbO2 + 2H2O 
                                                             Sodium plumbate 
                                                              {colourless} 
CuSO4 + 2NaOH ? Cu(OH)2 ? + 2NaSO4 
Blue         colourless        pale blue ppt. { colourless} 
In excess of alkali, pale blue precipitate of Cu(OH)2 is insoluble  
 
 
 
 
Class X Chapter-4 – Analytical Chemistry  Chemistry  
______________________________________________________________________________ 
 
Question 6: 
Name the chloride of a metal which is soluble in excess of ammonium hydroxide. Write equation 
for the same. 
Solution 6: 
Zinc chloride (ZnCl2) is soluble in excess of ammonium hydroxide. 
ZnCI2  + 2NH4OH ? Zn(OH)2 ? 2NH4CI 
Colourless        White gelatinous ppt. 
With excess of NH4oh ppt dissolves 
Zn(OH)2 + 2NH4CI + 2NH4OH (excess) ? [Zn(NH3)4]CI2 + 4H2O 
                                                                   Tetram mine zinc (II) Chloride  
                                                                       Colourless 
 
 
Question 7: 
On adding dilute ammonia solution to a colourless solution of a salt, a white gelatinous 
precipitate appears. This precipitate however dissolves on addition of excess of ammonia 
solution identify (choose from Na, Al, Zn, Pb, Fe) 
(a) Which metal salt solution was used? 
(b) what is the formula of the white gelatinous precipitate obtained? 
Solution 7: 
(a) ZnCl2 
(b) Zn(OH)2 
 
 
Question 8: 
Name: 
(a) a yellow monoxide that dissolves in hot and concentrated caustic alkali 
(b) a white, insoluble oxide that dissolves when fused with caustic soda or caustic potash 
(c) a compound containing zinc in the anion 
Solution 8: 
(a) PbO 
(b) ZnO 
(c) K2ZnO2 
 
 
Page 5


Class X Chapter-4 – Analytical Chemistry  Chemistry  
______________________________________________________________________________ 
 
 
EXERCISE- 1 (A) 
 
Question 1: 
Write the probable colour of the following salts. 
(a) Ferrous salts 
(b) Ammonium salts  
(c) Cupric salts 
(d) Calcium salts  
(e) Aluminium Salts 
Solution 1: 
(a) Ferrous salts : Light green 
(b) Ammonium salts : Colourless 
(c) Cupric salts : Blue 
(d) Calcium salts : Colourless 
(e) Aluminium salts : Colourless 
 
 
Question 2: 
Name: 
(a) a metallic hydroxide soluble in excess of NH4OH. 
(b) a metallic oxide solube in excess of caustic soda solution. 
(c) a strong alkali 
(d) a weak alkali 
(e) two coloured metal ions 
(f) two coloured metal ions 
(g) a metal that evolves a gas which burns with a pop sound when boiled with alkali solutions. 
(h) two bases which are not alkalis but dissolves in alkalis to yield colourless solutions.  
(j) a coloured cation not a representative element. 
Solution 2: 
(a) Cu(OH)2 
(b) ZnO 
(c) NaOH 
(d) NH4OH 
(e) Na
+
, Ca
2+
 
(f) Fe
2+
, Mn
2+
 
(g) Aluminium 
 
Class X Chapter-4 – Analytical Chemistry  Chemistry  
______________________________________________________________________________ 
 
(h) Zn(OH)2 and Al(OH)3 
(i) PbO 
(j) Ammonium ion 
 
 
Question 3: 
Write balanced equations for Q.2 (g) and (i) 
Solution 3: 
2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O ? 2NaAlO2 + 3H2 
 (Hot and conc.)         Sodium meta aluminate 
                                             (colourless) 
PbO + 2NaOH ? Na2PbO2  + H2O 
(Yellow)                sodium plumbate 
                              (colourless, soluble) 
 
 
Question 4: 
What happens when ammonia solution is added first dropwise and then in excess to the 
following solution: 
(i) CuSO4      (ii) ZnSO4     (iii) FeCI3 
Write balanced equations for these reactions. 
Solution 4: 
(i)  
CuSO4 + 2NH4OH ? Cu(OH)2 ? (NH4)2 SO4 
Blue                             pale blue ppt.  colourless is solution  
With excess of NH4OH, ppt dissolves 
CU(OH)2 + (NH4)2SO4 + 2NH4OH ? [Cu(NH3)4]SO4 + 4H2O 
                                                  Excess             Tetrammine 
                                                                            Copper(II) Sulphate  
(ii)  
ZnSO4 + 2NH4OH ? Zn(OH)2  + (NH4)2 SO4 
Colourless                 white, gelatinous ppt    colourless 
With excess of NH4OH, ppt dissolves 
Zn(OH)2 + (NH4)2SO4 + 2NH4OH ? [Zn(NH3)4]SO4 + 4H2O 
                                                  (excess)          Tetramminezinc(II) Sulphate  
                                                                               (colourless)  
 
Class X Chapter-4 – Analytical Chemistry  Chemistry  
______________________________________________________________________________ 
 
(iii)  
FeCI3 + 3NH4OH  ? Fe(OH)3  ?  + 3NH4CI 
Yellow solution            reddish brown ppt.    colourless in solution 
 
 
Question 5: 
What do you observe when caustic soda solution is added to the following solution, first a little 
and then in excess: 
(a) FeCI3 
(b) ZnSO4 
(c) Pb(NO3)2 
(d) CuSO4 
Write balanced equations for these reactions. 
Solution 5: 
(i) FeCI3 + 3NaOH ? Fe(OH)3 ? 3 NaCI 
     Yellow                      reddish brown, ppt   colourless in solution  
      In excess of alkali, the reddish brown ppt, of Fe(OH)3 remains insoluble  
 
(ii)  ZnSO4 + 2NaOH ? Zn(OH)2 ? + NaSO4 
         Colourless            white gelatinous ppt. colourless 
      In excess of alkali, white gelatinous ppt. of Zn(OH)2  becomes soluble  
      Zn(OH)2  + 2NaOH (Excess) ? Na2ZnO2 + 2H2O 
                                                             Sodium zincate (colourless) 
 
(iii) Pb(NO3)2 + 2NaOH ? Pb(OH)2 ? + 2NaNO3 
                                                        White ppt    (colourless) 
 
In excess of alkali, white precipitate of Pb(OH)2 becom essoluble:  
Pb(OH)2 + 2NaOH(excess) ? Na2PbO2 + 2H2O 
                                                             Sodium plumbate 
                                                              {colourless} 
CuSO4 + 2NaOH ? Cu(OH)2 ? + 2NaSO4 
Blue         colourless        pale blue ppt. { colourless} 
In excess of alkali, pale blue precipitate of Cu(OH)2 is insoluble  
 
 
 
 
Class X Chapter-4 – Analytical Chemistry  Chemistry  
______________________________________________________________________________ 
 
Question 6: 
Name the chloride of a metal which is soluble in excess of ammonium hydroxide. Write equation 
for the same. 
Solution 6: 
Zinc chloride (ZnCl2) is soluble in excess of ammonium hydroxide. 
ZnCI2  + 2NH4OH ? Zn(OH)2 ? 2NH4CI 
Colourless        White gelatinous ppt. 
With excess of NH4oh ppt dissolves 
Zn(OH)2 + 2NH4CI + 2NH4OH (excess) ? [Zn(NH3)4]CI2 + 4H2O 
                                                                   Tetram mine zinc (II) Chloride  
                                                                       Colourless 
 
 
Question 7: 
On adding dilute ammonia solution to a colourless solution of a salt, a white gelatinous 
precipitate appears. This precipitate however dissolves on addition of excess of ammonia 
solution identify (choose from Na, Al, Zn, Pb, Fe) 
(a) Which metal salt solution was used? 
(b) what is the formula of the white gelatinous precipitate obtained? 
Solution 7: 
(a) ZnCl2 
(b) Zn(OH)2 
 
 
Question 8: 
Name: 
(a) a yellow monoxide that dissolves in hot and concentrated caustic alkali 
(b) a white, insoluble oxide that dissolves when fused with caustic soda or caustic potash 
(c) a compound containing zinc in the anion 
Solution 8: 
(a) PbO 
(b) ZnO 
(c) K2ZnO2 
 
 
Class X Chapter-4 – Analytical Chemistry  Chemistry  
______________________________________________________________________________ 
 
Question 9: 
What do you observe when freshly precipitated aluminium hydroxide reacts with caustic soda 
solution? Give balanced equation. 
Solution 9: 
(a) (iii) 
     Aqueous solution of copper sulphate is blue. 
(b) (iii) 
     FeSO4 + 2NaOH ? Fe(OH)2 + Na2SO4 
     (Dirty green, (Colourless) 
      gelatinous ppt.) 
(c) (iii) 
     Zn + 2NaOH ? Na2ZnO2 + H2 
    Sodium zincate 
    (Colourless) 
    Zz Zn + HCl ? ZnCl2 + H2  
 
 
Question 10: 
What do you understand by amphoteric oxide Give the balanced equations for the reaction with 
three different amphoteric oxides with a caustic alkali. Write you observation if any. 
Solution 10: 
When freshly precipitated aluminum hydroxide reacts with caustic soda solution, whitesalt of 
sodium meta aluminate is obtained. 
Al(OH)3 + NaOH ? NaAlO2 + 2H2O 
                                         Sodium meta aluminate 
 
 
 
Question 11: 
Distinguish by adding: 
(a) sodium hydroxide solution and  
(b) Ammonium hydroxide solution to  
      (i) Calcium salt solution and lead salt solution 
 (ii) Lead salt solution and ferrous salt solution  
(iii) copper salt solution and ferrous salt solution 
(iv) Fe (II) salt solution and Fe (III) Salt solution 
(v) Ferrous nitrate and lead nitrate  
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Selina Textbook Solutions: Analytical Chemistry : Uses of Ammonium Hydroxide and Sodium Hydroxide | Chemistry Class 10 ICSE

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