Morning Star Textbook Solutions: Major Agencies of the United Nations | History and Civics Class 10 ICSE PDF Download

Very Short Questions

Q1: Under which principal organ do the specialized agencies work?
Ans: The specialized agencies are overseen by the Economic and Social Council.

Q2: State one way in which the UNICEF raises funds.
Ans: UNICEF generates income through the worldwide sale of UNICEF greeting cards.

Q3: When was the International Year of Child celebrated by UNICEF and to what purpose?
Ans: UNICEF designated 1979 as the 'International Year of Child' to draw attention to children's rights and welfare.

Q4: How have UNICEF’s efforts for the upliftment of child given recognition?
Ans: UNICEF's work for children has been recognized with the Nobel Prize in 1965 and the Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace in 1989.

Q5: When is the World Health Day celebrated?
Ans: World Health Day is observed annually on April 7th.

Q6: WHO is a specialized agency devoted to a specific cause. What is this cause?
Ans: The World Health Organization is dedicated to the cause of 'Health for All.'

Q7: When was UNESCO formed?
Ans: UNESCO's Constitution was signed by 47 states on November 16, 1945, in London, and came into effect on November 4, 1946.

Q8: When was the Literacy Year celebrated by UNESCO?
Ans: UNESCO declared 1990 as the Literacy Year.

Short Questions – I

Q1: What purpose do the major agencies of the United Nations serve?
Ans: The UN agencies aim to achieve international cooperation in solving economic, social, cultural, and humanitarian problems while promoting respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms.

Q2: How does economic and social co-operation lead to the elimination of war?
Ans: Economic and social cooperation addresses the economic causes of war. Eliminating these causes creates stability and wellbeing, which are prerequisites for peace.

Q3: How did the UNICEF come into existence and to what purpose?
Ans: UNICEF was established through a UN General Assembly Resolution in 1946 to address emergency needs of children in post-World War II Europe and China. In 1950, its mandate shifted to providing long-term benefits to children in developing countries.

Q4: What do you know about UNICEF’S composition?
Ans: UNICEF is a UN subsidiary organization operating under the Economic and Social Council. It has a 41-member Executive Board, with its Executive Director appointed by the Secretary-General in consultation with the board.

Q5: How is the UNICEF financed?
Ans: UNICEF receives funding through voluntary contributions from governments, organizations, and individuals. Fundraising campaigns, including the sale of UNICEF cards, are conducted by various groups and individuals.

Q6: Which agency of the UN looks after the interests of the children in the World? What was the original purpose of setting up this agency?
Ans: UNICEF is the only UN agency exclusively devoted to children. It advocates for children's rights and works to implement the Convention on the Rights of the Child.

Q7: What services does the UNICEF provide for improvement of the lot of children?
Ans: UNICEF delivers services in primary health care, nutrition, basic education, and sanitation. It supports family and child welfare, promotes vocational training, and implements community-based programs with public participation.

Q8: What emergency help does the UNICEF provide?
Ans: UNICEF provides emergency assistance to children affected by floods, earthquakes, droughts, endemic diseases, and war. It also offers special programs for impoverished children and those with physical or mental disabilities.

Q9: What kind of programmes are taken up by WHO?
Ans: WHO implements programs focusing on food supplies, proper nutrition, safe water, basic sanitation, prevention and control of endemic diseases and injuries, and provision of essential drugs.

Q10: What do you know about the composition of UNESCO?
Ans: UNESCO consists of three organs: the General Conference (comprising representatives from all member nations), the 51-member Executive Board, and the Secretariat.

Q11: What are the primary aims of UNESCO?
Ans: UNESCO aims to promote peace, goodwill, and security through international collaboration in education, culture, science, and communication.

Q12: What is the main aim of WHO.
Ans: WHO serves as the UN's specialized agency for international cooperation in improving physical and mental health worldwide. Its main goal is to establish proper health conditions through global cooperation.

Q13: What do you understand by UNESCO?
Ans: UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) is a specialized UN agency dedicated to building peace and security through international collaboration in education, science, culture, and communication.

Short Questions – II

Q1: What ideals have been stated in the UN Charter for building peace?
Ans: The UN Charter commits to promoting:

• Higher living standards, full employment, and conditions for economic and social progress
• Solutions to international economic, social, health, and related problems, plus international cultural and educational cooperation
• Universal respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms without discrimination based on race, sex, language, or religion

Q2: Name the major agencies of the U.N.O.
Or
Give the expanded form of W.H.O.
Or
Give the expanded form of UNICEF.
Or
Give the expanded form of UNESCO
Ans: The major UN agencies include:

• United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
• United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF)
• World Health Organization (WHO)
• United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
• International Labour Organization (ILO)

Q3: What steps have been taken for the improvement of health of children?
Ans: UNICEF has implemented a four-point program to prevent diseases and malnutrition:

• Immunization
• Oral rehydration
• Promotion of breastfeeding
• Growth monitoring

The organization provides nutritious foods, vaccines, parent education, and information about preventing dehydration and breastfeeding benefits.

Q4: What efforts has the UNICEF made for education and improvement of sanitation?
Ans: UNICEF funds programs promoting education for development and training of health workers, sanitation workers, teachers, nutritionists, and child welfare specialists. It supports AIDS education and affected families, provides educational materials and equipment, and facilitates clean water access in villages.

Q5: What steps has the UNICEF taken to protect women’s interest?
Ans: UNICEF supports women's development by providing facilities for pregnant mothers, establishing maternity homes, protecting women's interests, and supporting conventions against trafficking of women and children, crime prevention, and child labor.

Q6: How has UNICEF contributed in prevention of disease in the world?
Ans: UNICEF has saved millions of children through universal immunization programs and prevented diarrheal deaths using rehydration therapy. It runs special programs for disabled children and promotes iodized salt consumption, which prevents mental retardation in approximately 12 million infants annually.

Q7: When was WHO formed and for what purpose?
Ans: WHO was established on April 7, 1948, based on the belief that enjoying the highest attainable health standard is a fundamental human right regardless of race, religion, political belief, or socioeconomic status.

Q8: How is the WHO formed?
Ans: The World Health Assembly, consisting of all UNO member states, governs WHO. It elects the 31-member Executive Board, comprising health specialists selected for their technical expertise. The Assembly meets annually to review WHO's work, while the Executive Board functions as its executive arm.

Q9: Discuss the role of WHO in combating diseases.
Ans: WHO combats diseases by:

• Fighting diseases worldwide and preventing their spread at the source
• Collaborating with UNICEF to immunize children against six major diseases: measles, diphtheria, tetanus, tuberculosis, polio, and whooping cough
• Setting international standards for food, water, and biological and pharmaceutical products

Q10: What function do the three organs of UNESCO perform?
Ans: The General Conference meets biennially to determine UNESCO's policy, program, and budget. The Executive Board meets at least three times yearly to supervise the General Conference's adopted programs. The Paris-based Secretariat implements the organization's ongoing work.

Q11: Why was UNESCO called ‘the conscience of mankind’ by Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru?
Ans: Nehru referred to UNESCO as "the conscience of mankind" because it seeks to establish peace by appealing to the human heart and basing its foundation on the intellectual and moral solidarity of humanity, using education, science, and cultural communication to foster lasting global peace.

Long Questions

Q1: What does the WHO do to achieve its objective of ensuring ’Health for All’?
Ans: WHO's "Health for All by 2000" program included:

• Education about health problems and prevention
• Promotion of food supplies, nutrition, safe water, and sanitation
• Family planning and maternal-child care
• Universal immunization against infectious diseases
• Prevention and control of endemic diseases
• Provision of essential drugs and control of common diseases

Q2: What are the main functions of WHO.
Ans: WHO's main functions include:

• Collaborating with other agencies to improve nutrition, water, sanitation, housing, working conditions, environmental hygiene, and maternal-child health
• Helping countries strengthen health systems through infrastructure development, health personnel training, and provision of essential supplies
• Preventing international disease spread and helping nations eliminate diseases at their source
• Promoting improved standards in health, medical, and related training fields

Q3: Mention some of the important achievements of WHO.
Ans: WHO's key achievements include:

• Complete eradication of smallpox
• Reduction in cholera and plague epidemics
• Elimination of Guinea worm and improved leprosy management
• Reduction in diarrheal deaths
• Widespread infant polio vaccination
• Decreased infant mortality rates
• Special AIDS prevention programs

Q4: What are the major functions of UNICEF?
Ans: 
(i) It provides services in primary health, nutrition, family and child welfare, basic education, vocational training for the benefit of children, sanitation and women’s development programmes are undertaken in developing countries.
(ii) These programmes include providing balanced food and protective food like milk, meat, fish etc.
(iii) Training and orientation of national personnel including health and salutation workers, teachers, nutritionists and child welfare specialists.
(iv) Technical supplies, equiptments and other aids ranging from paper for text books and equipments and medicines for health to pipes and pumps for bringing clean water to villages are delivered.
(v) Basic social services are provided for children in developing countries like campaigns against endemic diseases and preventable diseases and malnutrition have been carried on. Emergency help is provided to victims of floods, earthquakes drought or other diseases.
(vi) Interests of women and facilities for pregnant women are provided. Conventions for suppression of traffic in women and children, crime prevention etc. are supported.

Q5: What are the major achievements of the UNICEF?
Ans: UNICEF's major achievements include its four-point disease prevention program (immunization, oral rehydration, breastfeeding promotion, and growth monitoring), which has significantly reduced disease prevalence. UNICEF celebrated 1979 as the International Year of the Child, supported AIDS education, established health centers and maternity homes, and provided protection for vulnerable populations. It also organized a world summit for children attended by representatives from 150 countries.

Q6: Mention the functions of UNESCO in the field of education.
Ans: Functions in the field of Education:
(i) To raise educational standards throughout the world—specially for women and girls, who in turn will educate their children.
(ii) To make primary education compulsory for the removal of illiteracy.
(iii) Spread of knowledge by training teachers, educational planners, administrators, to encourage local building programmes and equipment of schools. To provide grants and fellowships to teachers and scholars, organise library systems and promote international understanding through education.
(iv) To guide and expand education to enable the developing countries to take their own development in hand more effectively.

Q7: Explain the functions of UNESCO in the field of science.

Ans: 

• Establishing scientific and technological bases to make better use of a country's resources and to promote international cooperation in science. 
• Working to fix the disparities in scientific and technological skills, which tend to be mainly found in certain countries.
• Supporting fundamental research in important areas like mathematics, physics, geology, hydrology, environmental science, and biotechnology. This includes providing regional training centers to enhance knowledge and promote interaction between science and technology.
• Encouraging social sciences as a tool for achieving human rights, justice, and peace.
•  By promoting education and the spread of science, UNESCO aims to foster peace in people's hearts, influencing their personal and public goals as well as their daily lives. 

Picture Based Questions

Q1: Study the picture shown and answer the questions that follow:

(i) Identify the organization associated with the given emblem.
(ii) When it was established and what were its objectives?
Ans: 
(i) The organization associated with the given emblem is World Health Organization (WHO).
(ii) It was established on 7th April, 1948 and its objective is the attainment of the highest possible level of health by all people.