The Age of Industrialisation Video Lecture - Crash Course: Class 10

hello students today we are going to
start with a very interesting chapter of
his syllabus that is chapter number five
the age of industrialization let us
understand the first module of your
chapter that is module number 1 here
comes before the Industrial Revolution
so let us understand the term called as
Industrial Revolution a natural
revolution is nothing but a change in
method of production from man made to
machine made it means that man was
replaced by machine but before the
natural revolution there was a term
called as proto industrialization let us
understand what we mean by the term
called as proto proto
means indicating first or early form of
something that is before Industrial
Revolution took place that is even
before factories began to dot the
landscape in England and Europe there
was a large scale production going on in
Europe but remember students this
logical production was not factory made
it was man-made and this logical
production was for an international
market so let us understand what exactly
happened further the reasons for new
merchants to set up business and
countryside between 17th and 18th
centuries merchants moved from towns to
countryside what exactly is countryside
countryside is nothing but a rural
landscape once this merchants moved from
town to countryside they supplied money
to pigeons and artisans it means that
merchants who came from town they
supplied money to prisons and artisans
living in countryside and they asked de
forced them to produce for an
international market it means that this
species and artisans were forced by
merchants to produce for an
international market as the trade went
on increasing this merchants started
acquiring colonies so there was a
process of imperialism taking place but
this merchants could not expand their
production within
now the question arises why students
counts was entirely been captured by
urban crafts and trade trade gilts is
nothing but a group of merchants this
group of merchants were already
dominating in towns it means that this
urban craft and trade guilds were very
powerful and this trade guilds were the
association of producers that trained
crafts people they regulated competition
and prices even prices in towns were
decided by this trade guilds they even
restricted new merchants to enter into
the market it means that new people were
not allowed to do trade inside the town
the entire thing was dominated by trade
guilds so that is the reason why
merchants started moving from towns to
countryside and in countryside this
countryside was entirely with poor
peasants and this poor peasants and
artisans began working for this new
merchant who came from town they made
use of their open field it means that
poor people poor peasants started making
use of their open field and slowly
slowly slowly slowly slowly this open
field started disappearing even comments
were begin enclosed cottages and poor
Pisan who gathered firewood berries hay
and straw for their survival they found
new form of business that is new form of
income and this income was provided by
merchants students remember this open
field was used by cottages and poor
peasants earlier and this cottages and
poor peasants earlier depended on common
lands for their survival
let us exactly understand what exactly
happened in towns merchants in towns
provided advances to peasants and this
advances was provided to merchants to
produce goods which merchants wanted not
which peasants wanted students trust me
once they provided advances to peasants
the this Pisan started cultivating their
small plots
and dinkum was generated from proto
industrial i industrial production help
them for their survival it means that
the merchants provided advances Beason
started cultivating their small plots
and income with generated from proto
industry production was supplement for
their shrinking income and for this the
entire family was being used by the
peasants it means that there was a full
utilization of their family and full
utilization of family means this family
was used as a labor source by the
peasants and once they started using
their entire family there was a
development of good relation between
towns and countryside let us understand
the example the example is nothing but a
merchant Claudio in England purchase
wolfram of wool stapler and carried it
to the spinner the yarn thread that was
spun was taken in subsequent stages of
production - we were fuller and then to
the Dyess it means that the entire
process was taken on the finished goods
which was produced was done in London
before the export the merchants told the
cloth in international market so
students imagine this merchants
purchased wool from wool stapler
they asked wools April to produce the
cloth and the once the entire Korat was
produced it was exported from London to
other international market let us
understand the next part of your chapter
that is coming up of the factories as
soon as everyone no inland was the
birthplace of Industrial Revolution in
the year 1730 the first factory which
was developed in England but later the
number of factories went on multiplying
by the late eighteenth century the
number of factories multiplied it means
that number of factories went on
increasing in the year 1760 Britain
imported 2.5 million pounds of raw
material so that it can feed its cotton
industry imagine students
importing 2.5 million pounds of raw
material it means that it is a proper
indication that number of cotton textile
industries is going on increasing in
England by the year 1787 the import
increased up to 22 million pounds there
is almost 10 times it means that within
27 years the number of factories
increased by 10 times in the year 18th
century there was a series of invention
which took place in England this series
of invention increased the efficiencies
in each step of production it means that
output per worker will but obviously
increase now technology came into
picture but obvious more production is
going to take place it will lead to
increase in output per product which
will enable each worker to produce more
and more day-by-day richard arkwright he
was the first person to create a cotton
mill students now once cotton mill came
into picture the new machine also came
into picture
now this costly new machine could be
purchased in England but the entire
process will be under one roof and under
one management imagine before that is
before the natural revolution even
production took place even production
was widespread in countryside as well as
village household but it was under
different sector now the entire
production that is yawning spilling
cutting twisting spinning and that thing
will be under one roof under one
management and once it came under one
roof and one management there was a
careful supervision as well as there was
a watch over quality and as well as
there was a regulation of labour it
means that now there will be a product
which will be best in quality wise
the 19th century the factories increased
because of technological development day
by day factories went on increasing once
technology came into power in the year
1814 cotton industry was leading sector
in Europe but slowly slowly slowly even
iron and steel industries developed in
the year 1840 there was an expansion of
railway in England but in the year 1860
even there was an expansion of really in
colonies imagine students first it was
cotton industry slowly now it has iron
and steel industry because of this iron
and steel industry there was an
expansion of railway in England but this
expansion even took place in college it
means that demand for iron and steel
went on increasing day by day
in 1873 Britain exported iron and steel
worth about 77 million euro which was
double the value of its cotton export
imagine students iron and steel industry
is developing twice the cotton industry
but this new industry could not easily
displace the traditional industry since
the technology which was developing was
very costly
less than 20% of the total workforce was
employed technologically in the advanced
industrial sector it means that even
though new industry is developed but it
could not replace the traditional ones
textile was the dynamic sector but a
large portion of the output was produced
not within the factories but outside
within domestic units it means that even
though technology came into picture even
though new industry came into picture
but people always relied on traditional
industry since the new technology was
very costly the pace of traditional
industry was not set by the
steam-powered cotton or metal industry
but they did not remain entirely
stagnant even though new technology came
but still traditional industry was also
developing
small innovations was also made on non
mechanized sector there was small small
inventions which was made in non
mechanized sectors like furniture making
food processing buildings pottery glass
work tanning there was a small changes
of technology but this technology was
not easily adopted since it was very
costly it was very expensive students
the picture here is is nothing but a
fitting shop at a railway workshop in
England in the year 1781 James Watt was
the first person to improve the steam
engine produced by a new command after
James Watt the next person was Matthew
Boulton he was the first person to
produce a new model which was already
prepared by which was already innovated
by James Watt so he produced he invented
the new version of steam engine in the
beginning of 19th century there were
total 321 steam engines in England this
321 steam engines include 80 in cotton
industries out of this 321 steam engines
80 was used in cotton industries 9 was
used in woollen industries that is wool
industry and 232 was used for mining
sector it means that out of 320 284
cotton sector 9 for wool sector and 332
Mining candle and iron work sector the
snap here is nothing but a spinning
Factory in 1830 which was formed in
England the giant really moved by steam
power could set in motion hundreds of
spindle to manufacture thread this was
formed in the year 1830
that is a 19th century