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The Hindu Editorial Analysis- 26th June 2024 | Current Affairs & Hindu Analysis: Daily, Weekly & Monthly - UPSC PDF Download

The Hindu Editorial Analysis- 26th June 2024 | Current Affairs & Hindu Analysis: Daily, Weekly & Monthly - UPSC

India Needs the Anchor of a National Security Strategy 

Why in News?

The new National Democratic Alliance government faces some thorny old problems in national security. It will have to make decisions — or else continue to defer them — on everything from whether to build another aircraft carrier, to the process of implementing theaterisation, to managing strategic relations with the United States and competition with China.

National Security Strategy (NSS) Overview

  • Definition: A National Security Strategy guides military operations, critical defense, and security reforms. It provides a comprehensive view of national security, identifying threats and outlining a roadmap to address them.

Importance of a National Security Strategy

  • Military Modernization: Essential for updating and strengthening military capabilities.
  • Two-Front Threat: Critical for addressing threats posed by China and Pakistan.
  • Regional Instability: Challenges from neighboring countries like Afghanistan, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Myanmar need to be managed.
  • Comprehensive Framework: Necessary to encompass diplomacy, strategy, and deterrence.
  • Information Warfare: Crucial to counter threats from both nation-states and non-state actors.
  • Cyber-Security: Developing robust cyber-security systems to prevent large-scale damage.

Challenges in Formulating a National Security Strategy

  • Balancing Transparency, Deterrence, and Flexibility:
    • Transparency Issues: Revealing the NSS could expose India’s positions to adversaries and reduce strategic flexibility with partners.
  • Strategic Ambiguity:
    • Avoiding Specific Responses: The government avoids defining an NSS to maintain flexibility in responses.
  • Impact on Bilateral Ties:
    • Dependence on Military Imports: Stating a goal to reduce dependence on Russian military imports could strain relations with Russia.
  • Differing Views:
    • Government Department Disparities: Framing a security doctrine is complicated by varying perspectives within government departments.

Way Forward

  • Credible Military Deterrence: Maintain a robust deterrent against adversaries.
  • Defend National Interests: Protect territorial interests across land, sea, air, space, and cyberspace.
  • Surveillance and Guarding: Physical surveillance of all regions, especially disputed borders.
  • Tri-Service Rapid Response: Ensure capability for swift response during war and peace.
  • Coordinated Intelligence: Maintain an efficient intelligence mechanism for early threat warnings.
  • Cyber and Information Domain Protection: Prevent attacks in these areas.

Conclusion

The formulation of India’s National Security Strategy is crucial for addressing external and internal threats, though challenges of transparency and differing views need careful consideration, emphasizing the importance of a well-coordinated, comprehensive approach for safeguarding the nation’s interests.


Call for consensus 

Why in News?

Prime Minister Narendra Modi has pledged to govern by consensus even as the 18th Lok Sabha began its first session. The ruling National Democratic Alliance (NDA) and the Opposition INDIA bloc have both reiterated their rhetoric on protecting the Constitution, which was one of the central themes of the recent campaign during the 2024 general election. While both sides say they seek consensus, and are loyal to the Constitution, a demonstration of any convergence between them on any key question of governance or politics, unfortunately, remains elusive.

Key Events During the Session

  • Election of the New Speaker: The new Speaker of the House will be elected. Until then, a temporary Speaker, called the pro-tem Speaker, will lead the proceedings and administer oaths to newly elected Members of Parliament (MPs).

Role of the Speaker in the Lok Sabha

  • Overseeing Proceedings: The Speaker manages the daily activities and discussions in the House.
  • Maintaining Order: Ensures debates are orderly, resolves disputes, and makes sure the rules are followed.
  • Representation: Acts as the representative of the Lok Sabha in its relations with the President of India and the Rajya Sabha (Upper House of Parliament).
  • Article 94: States that the Speaker remains in office until just before the first meeting of the new Lok Sabha after it is dissolved.
  • Election Process: The new Speaker is chosen by a simple majority vote of the House members.

Pro-tem Speaker


  • Temporary Role: The pro-tem Speaker temporarily takes charge until the new Speaker is elected.
  • Not in the Constitution: The position isn’t mentioned in the Constitution but is outlined in the “Handbook on the Working of Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs.”
  • Appointment: The President of India appoints a senior member of the House as the pro-tem Speaker based on their experience.
  • Main Duty: The primary responsibility is to administer oaths to the newly elected MPs.

Duties of the Pro-tem Speaker

  • Administering Oaths: According to Article 99 of the Constitution, every MP must take an oath before they can sit in the House.
  • Appointment Process:
    • Selection: A list of the most senior Lok Sabha members is compiled and given to the Minister of Parliamentary Affairs or the Prime Minister, who selects the pro-tem Speaker and three others to help administer oaths.
    • Approval: The Prime Minister approves the choices, and the Minister of Parliamentary Affairs gets their consent. A note is then sent to the President for final approval.
    • Oath to Pro-tem Speaker: The President administers the oath to the pro-tem Speaker at the Rashtrapati Bhawan.
    • Oath to Other Members: The pro-tem Speaker then administers the oath to the three chosen senior members.
    • Oath to New MPs: The pro-tem Speaker, assisted by the three senior members, administers the oaths to the newly elected MPs. The ceremony usually happens at 11 am, with the pro-tem Speaker taking their oath earlier in the day.

Election of the New Speaker

  • Motion for Election: On June 26, 2024, the Prime Minister is expected to propose the election of the new Speaker of the Lok Sabha.
  • Importance: The new Speaker will have a crucial role in managing the legislative agenda and ensuring order in the House.
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