The Making of the National Movement 1870s-1947 Video Lecture | NCERT Video Summary: Class 6 to Class 12 (English) - UPSC

Ans. The major factors that contributed to the rise of the national movement in India during the period of 1870s-1947 were: 1. Socio-religious reform movements: Movements like the Brahmo Samaj and Arya Samaj played a significant role in creating awareness and mobilizing people for the national cause. 2. Partition of Bengal: The partition of Bengal in 1905 by the British government fueled the nationalist sentiments among Indians and led to widespread protests. 3. Role of intellectuals and leaders: Influential leaders like Dadabhai Naoroji, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, and Mahatma Gandhi emerged during this period, who played crucial roles in mobilizing the masses and demanding independence. 4. Impact of World War I: The participation of Indian soldiers in World War I, coupled with the economic hardships faced by Indians during the war, created a sense of unity and nationalism. 5. Non-cooperation and Civil Disobedience Movements: Mahatma Gandhi's non-cooperation and civil disobedience movements in the 1920s and 1930s brought the national movement into the mainstream and gained widespread support.

Ans. The key events during the national movement in India were: 1. Partition of Bengal in 1905: This sparked widespread protests and boycotts, marking the beginning of the mass-based national movement. 2. Formation of Indian National Congress (INC): The INC was established in 1885 and became the primary political organization fighting for the rights and independence of Indians. 3. Non-cooperation Movement (1920-1922): Led by Mahatma Gandhi, this movement aimed at non-violent resistance against British rule and gained significant public support. 4. Salt March (1930): Gandhi's symbolic act of making salt from seawater and leading a march to Dandi to protest against the British salt monopoly became a turning point in the national movement. 5. Quit India Movement (1942): Launched by the INC, this movement called for an immediate end to British rule and witnessed widespread participation and subsequent repression by the British.

Ans. The national movement had a profound impact on Indian society and culture: 1. Awakening of national consciousness: The movement instilled a sense of pride, unity, and national identity among Indians, transcending regional and religious differences. 2. Empowerment of women: The national movement provided women with a platform to actively participate in political and social activities, leading to their increased involvement in the fight for independence and subsequent reforms. 3. Cultural revival: The national movement revived and celebrated Indian culture, arts, and heritage, promoting a sense of cultural identity and pride. 4. Social reforms: The movement advocated for social equality, eradication of caste discrimination, and promotion of education, leading to several social reforms in Indian society. 5. Unity and solidarity: The national movement brought people from different backgrounds together in a common struggle, fostering a spirit of unity and solidarity among Indians.

Ans. Mahatma Gandhi played a pivotal role in the national movement in India: 1. Non-violent resistance: Gandhi popularized the concept of non-violent resistance (Satyagraha) as a powerful tool against British rule, emphasizing truth, non-violence, and civil disobedience. 2. Mass mobilization: Gandhi successfully mobilized the masses, including peasants, workers, and women, through his non-cooperation and civil disobedience movements, making the national movement a mass-based struggle. 3. Salt March: Gandhi's Dandi Salt March in 1930 became a landmark event, symbolizing the defiance of unjust British laws and inspiring millions of Indians to join the movement. 4. Promotion of self-reliance: Gandhi advocated for self-reliance and promoted the use of khadi (hand-spun cloth) to boycott British-made goods, thereby promoting economic independence and empowerment. 5. Negotiations with the British: Gandhi engaged in negotiations with British officials to secure Indian independence, representing the national movement's demands and aspirations.

Ans. The national movement in India yielded several outcomes: 1. Independence: The national movement culminated in India gaining independence from British colonial rule on August 15, 1947. 2. Partition of India: The partition of India into two separate nations, India and Pakistan, led to communal violence and mass migrations, resulting in the displacement of millions of people. 3. Adoption of the Constitution: The national movement laid the foundation for the drafting and adoption of the Indian Constitution in 1950, which established India as a democratic republic. 4. Social and political reforms: The national movement led to significant social reforms, including the abolition of untouchability, women's suffrage, and land reforms, along with the formation of a democratic political system. 5. Inspiration for other nations: The success of the national movement inspired other nations in their struggle against colonialism and became a symbol of peaceful resistance and liberation movements worldwide.