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Plant anatomy or phytotomy is the general term for the study of the internal structure of plants. Originally it included plant morphology, the description of the physical form and external structure of plants, but since the mid-20th century plant anatomy has been considered a separate field referring only to internal plant structure.Plant anatomy is now frequently investigated at the cellular level, and often involves the sectioning of tissues and microscopy.Trick about Anatomy of Flowering plants : - NEET
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1. What are the different parts of a flowering plant?
Ans. A flowering plant consists of several essential parts. The main parts include the roots, stem, leaves, flowers, and fruits. The roots anchor the plant in the ground and absorb water and nutrients. The stem provides support and transports water, nutrients, and sugars. Leaves are responsible for photosynthesis, where they convert light energy into chemical energy. Flowers are the reproductive structures of the plant, and fruits develop from flowers to protect and disperse seeds.
2. How does pollination occur in flowering plants?
Ans. Pollination is the process by which pollen grains are transferred from the male reproductive organ (stamen) to the female reproductive organ (pistil) of a flower. It can occur through various methods, including wind, water, and animals. In insect pollination, insects such as bees or butterflies transfer pollen from one flower to another. In wind pollination, pollen grains are carried by the wind to reach other flowers. In some cases, flowering plants can also self-pollinate, where the pollen from the stamen reaches the pistil of the same flower.
3. What is the purpose of flowers in flowering plants?
Ans. Flowers serve several functions in flowering plants. The primary purpose of flowers is reproduction. They produce the male reproductive organ (stamen) and the female reproductive organ (pistil) within their structure. The stamen produces pollen, which contains the male gametes, and the pistil contains the ovary, where the female gametes or eggs are produced. Flowers also attract pollinators such as insects, birds, or bats through their bright colors, fragrance, and nectar. This ensures the transfer of pollen from one flower to another, facilitating fertilization and seed production.
4. How do the roots of flowering plants absorb water and nutrients?
Ans. The roots of flowering plants have specialized structures that facilitate the absorption of water and nutrients from the soil. The root hairs, which are tiny projections on the surface of the roots, increase the surface area available for absorption. These root hairs are in close contact with the soil particles, allowing them to absorb water through the process of osmosis. Nutrients are absorbed through active transport, where special proteins in the root cells facilitate the movement of ions against the concentration gradient. Once absorbed, water and nutrients are transported through the xylem tissue to other parts of the plant.
5. What is the significance of fruits in flowering plants?
Ans. Fruits play a crucial role in the life cycle of flowering plants. They develop from the fertilized ovary of a flower and serve as a protective covering for seeds. Fruits protect the seeds from physical damage, desiccation, and predation. They also aid in seed dispersal, ensuring the colonization of new areas. Fruits can be dispersed by animals, wind, or water, allowing the seeds to be carried away from the parent plant. Some fruits have adaptations that attract animals, such as colorful and juicy flesh or hooks and spines that attach to animal fur.
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