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A fungus (plural: fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeastsand molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, fungi, which is separate from the other eukaryotic life kingdoms of plantsand animals.
A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Similar to animals, fungi are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposersin ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related organisms, named the Eumycota (true fungi or Eumycetes), which share a common ancestor (form a monophyletic group), an interpretation that is also strongly supported by molecular phylogenetics. This fungal group is distinct from the structurally similar myxomycetes (slime molds) and oomycetes(water molds). The discipline of biologydevoted to the study of fungi is known as mycology (from the Greek μύκης mykes, mushroom). In the past, mycology was regarded as a branch of botany, although it is now known fungi are genetically more closely related to animals than to plants.
FAQs on Trick to learn example of fungi - NEET
| 1. What are fungi? |  |
Ans. Fungi are a diverse group of organisms that include mold, yeast, and mushrooms. They are eukaryotic, meaning their cells have a nucleus, and they obtain nutrients by decomposing organic matter or by forming symbiotic relationships with other organisms.
| 2. How do fungi reproduce? | |
Ans. Fungi reproduce through spores. These spores are released into the environment and can be dispersed by wind, water, or animals. When conditions are favorable, the spores germinate and grow into new fungal organisms.
| 3. What is the importance of fungi in the ecosystem? | |
Ans. Fungi play a crucial role in the ecosystem. They are decomposers, breaking down dead organic matter and recycling nutrients back into the environment. Fungi also form symbiotic relationships with plants, helping them absorb nutrients from the soil. Additionally, fungi are used in various industries, such as food production, medicine, and biotechnology.
| 4. Can fungi be harmful to humans? | |
Ans. Yes, some fungi can be harmful to humans. Certain species of fungi produce toxic compounds called mycotoxins, which can cause health problems when ingested or inhaled. Fungal infections, such as athlete's foot and ringworm, are also common in humans. However, it is important to note that not all fungi are harmful, and many have beneficial uses.
| 5. How can fungi be identified and classified? | |
Ans. Fungi can be identified and classified based on their morphological characteristics, such as the shape, color, and arrangement of their spore-producing structures. Microscopic examination and DNA analysis are often used for accurate identification. Fungi are classified into different taxonomic groups, including divisions, classes, orders, families, genera, and species, based on their evolutionary relationships.
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