UPSC Prelims Past Year Paper 2021: Paper 1 (GS) | UPSC Previous Year Question Papers and Video Analysis PDF Download

 Page 1


 
 
1. Water can dissolve more substances than any other  liquid because  
(a) it is dipolar in nature  
(b) it is a good conductor of heat  
(c) it has high value of specific heat  
(d) it is an oxide of hydrogen  
Answer: (a) 
Explanation: Water is capable of dissolving a variety of different substances, which is why it is such a 
good solvent. And, water is called the "universal solvent" because it dissolves more substances than 
any other liquid. This is important to every living thing on earth. It means that wherever water goes, 
either through the ground or through our bodies, it takes along valuable chemicals, minerals, and 
nutrients. 
It is water's chemical composition and physical attributes that make it such an excellent solvent. 
Water molecules have a polar arrangement of the oxygen and hydrogen atoms—one side (hydrogen) 
has a positive electrical charge and the other side (oxygen) had a negative charge. This allows the 
water molecule to become attracted to many other different types of molecules. Water can become 
so heavily attracted to a different molecule, like salt (NaCl), that it can disrupt the attractive forces 
that hold the sodium and chloride in the salt molecule together and, thus, dissolve it. 
Therefore, the correct answer is (a).  
 
 
2. With reference to street-lighting, how do sodium lamps differ from LED lamps?  
(1) Sodium Lamps produce light in 360 degrees but it is not so in the case of LED lamps.  
(2) As street-lights, sodium lamps have longer life span than LED lamps.  
(3) The spectrum of visible light from sodium lamps is almost monochromatic while LED lamps 
offer significant colour advantages in street-lighting.  
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:  
(a) 3 only  
(b) 2 only 
(c) 1 and 3 only  
(d) 1, 2 and 3 
Answer: (c) 
Page 2


 
 
1. Water can dissolve more substances than any other  liquid because  
(a) it is dipolar in nature  
(b) it is a good conductor of heat  
(c) it has high value of specific heat  
(d) it is an oxide of hydrogen  
Answer: (a) 
Explanation: Water is capable of dissolving a variety of different substances, which is why it is such a 
good solvent. And, water is called the "universal solvent" because it dissolves more substances than 
any other liquid. This is important to every living thing on earth. It means that wherever water goes, 
either through the ground or through our bodies, it takes along valuable chemicals, minerals, and 
nutrients. 
It is water's chemical composition and physical attributes that make it such an excellent solvent. 
Water molecules have a polar arrangement of the oxygen and hydrogen atoms—one side (hydrogen) 
has a positive electrical charge and the other side (oxygen) had a negative charge. This allows the 
water molecule to become attracted to many other different types of molecules. Water can become 
so heavily attracted to a different molecule, like salt (NaCl), that it can disrupt the attractive forces 
that hold the sodium and chloride in the salt molecule together and, thus, dissolve it. 
Therefore, the correct answer is (a).  
 
 
2. With reference to street-lighting, how do sodium lamps differ from LED lamps?  
(1) Sodium Lamps produce light in 360 degrees but it is not so in the case of LED lamps.  
(2) As street-lights, sodium lamps have longer life span than LED lamps.  
(3) The spectrum of visible light from sodium lamps is almost monochromatic while LED lamps 
offer significant colour advantages in street-lighting.  
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:  
(a) 3 only  
(b) 2 only 
(c) 1 and 3 only  
(d) 1, 2 and 3 
Answer: (c) 
 
 
Explanation: LED Chips are mounted on a circuit board, so depending on the configuration, usually 
180 degrees. This is typically an advantage because light is usually desired over a target area (rather 
than all 360 degrees around the bulb). So, statement 1 is correct. 
 
Sodium lamps lifespan is around 14,000 hours. LEDs last longer than any light source commercially 
available on the market. LEDs are typically 40,000 - 60,000 Hours. So, statement 2 is not correct. 
High-pressure sodium lamps (HPS) emit a broader spectrum of light than the low-pressure lamps, but 
they still have poorer color rendering than other types of lamps. Low-pressure sodium (LPS) lamps 
only give monochromatic yellow light and so inhibit color vision at night. LPS lamps in particular are 
monochromatic which means that the objects illuminated by them appear shadowy black rather than 
the color you would see during daylight. HPS lamps are better but are still surpassed by virtually 
every other light on the market. LEDs can be designed to generate the entire spectrum of visible light 
colors without having to use the traditional color filters required by traditional lighting solutions. So, 
statement 3 is correct. 
Therefore, the correct answer is (c). 
 
3. The term 'ACE2' is talked about in the context of  
(a) genes introduced in the genetically modified plants 
(b) development of India's own satellite navigation system  
(c) radio collars for wildlife tracking  
(d) spread of viral diseases  
Answer: (d) 
Explanation: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a protein on the surface of many cell types. 
It is an enzyme that generates small proteins – by cutting up the larger protein angiotensinogen – 
that then go on to regulate functions in the cell. 
Using the spike-like protein on its surface, the SARS-CoV-2 virus binds to ACE2. Hence, ACE2 acts as a 
cellular doorway that is a receptor for the virus that causes COVID-19. The spike protein of SARS-CoV-
2 can adopt at least 10 structural states in order to cling onto angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 
(ACE2) receptor cells in humans. Therefore, the correct answer is (d).  
 
4. Bisphenol A (BPA), a cause of concern, is a structural/key component in the manufacture of 
which of the following kind of plastic?  
(a) Low-density polyethylene 
Page 3


 
 
1. Water can dissolve more substances than any other  liquid because  
(a) it is dipolar in nature  
(b) it is a good conductor of heat  
(c) it has high value of specific heat  
(d) it is an oxide of hydrogen  
Answer: (a) 
Explanation: Water is capable of dissolving a variety of different substances, which is why it is such a 
good solvent. And, water is called the "universal solvent" because it dissolves more substances than 
any other liquid. This is important to every living thing on earth. It means that wherever water goes, 
either through the ground or through our bodies, it takes along valuable chemicals, minerals, and 
nutrients. 
It is water's chemical composition and physical attributes that make it such an excellent solvent. 
Water molecules have a polar arrangement of the oxygen and hydrogen atoms—one side (hydrogen) 
has a positive electrical charge and the other side (oxygen) had a negative charge. This allows the 
water molecule to become attracted to many other different types of molecules. Water can become 
so heavily attracted to a different molecule, like salt (NaCl), that it can disrupt the attractive forces 
that hold the sodium and chloride in the salt molecule together and, thus, dissolve it. 
Therefore, the correct answer is (a).  
 
 
2. With reference to street-lighting, how do sodium lamps differ from LED lamps?  
(1) Sodium Lamps produce light in 360 degrees but it is not so in the case of LED lamps.  
(2) As street-lights, sodium lamps have longer life span than LED lamps.  
(3) The spectrum of visible light from sodium lamps is almost monochromatic while LED lamps 
offer significant colour advantages in street-lighting.  
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:  
(a) 3 only  
(b) 2 only 
(c) 1 and 3 only  
(d) 1, 2 and 3 
Answer: (c) 
 
 
Explanation: LED Chips are mounted on a circuit board, so depending on the configuration, usually 
180 degrees. This is typically an advantage because light is usually desired over a target area (rather 
than all 360 degrees around the bulb). So, statement 1 is correct. 
 
Sodium lamps lifespan is around 14,000 hours. LEDs last longer than any light source commercially 
available on the market. LEDs are typically 40,000 - 60,000 Hours. So, statement 2 is not correct. 
High-pressure sodium lamps (HPS) emit a broader spectrum of light than the low-pressure lamps, but 
they still have poorer color rendering than other types of lamps. Low-pressure sodium (LPS) lamps 
only give monochromatic yellow light and so inhibit color vision at night. LPS lamps in particular are 
monochromatic which means that the objects illuminated by them appear shadowy black rather than 
the color you would see during daylight. HPS lamps are better but are still surpassed by virtually 
every other light on the market. LEDs can be designed to generate the entire spectrum of visible light 
colors without having to use the traditional color filters required by traditional lighting solutions. So, 
statement 3 is correct. 
Therefore, the correct answer is (c). 
 
3. The term 'ACE2' is talked about in the context of  
(a) genes introduced in the genetically modified plants 
(b) development of India's own satellite navigation system  
(c) radio collars for wildlife tracking  
(d) spread of viral diseases  
Answer: (d) 
Explanation: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a protein on the surface of many cell types. 
It is an enzyme that generates small proteins – by cutting up the larger protein angiotensinogen – 
that then go on to regulate functions in the cell. 
Using the spike-like protein on its surface, the SARS-CoV-2 virus binds to ACE2. Hence, ACE2 acts as a 
cellular doorway that is a receptor for the virus that causes COVID-19. The spike protein of SARS-CoV-
2 can adopt at least 10 structural states in order to cling onto angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 
(ACE2) receptor cells in humans. Therefore, the correct answer is (d).  
 
4. Bisphenol A (BPA), a cause of concern, is a structural/key component in the manufacture of 
which of the following kind of plastic?  
(a) Low-density polyethylene 
 
 
(b) Polycarbonate  
(c) Polyethylene telephthalate  
(d) Polyvinyl chloride  
 
Answer: (b) 
Explanation:  Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical produced in large quantities for use primarily in the 
production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Polycarbonate plastics have many 
applications including use in some food and drink packaging, e.g., water and infant bottles, compact 
discs, impact-resistant safety equipment, and medical devices. Therefore, the correct answer is (b).  
 
 
5. 'Triclosan', considered harmful when exposed to high levels for a long time, is most lilely 
present in which of the following?  
(a) Food preservatives  
(b) Fruit-ripening substances  
(c) Reused plastic containers  
(d) Toiletries  
Answer: (d) 
Explanation: Triclosan is a lipophilic compound with antimicrobial properties. It is an ingredient 
added to many consumer products intended to reduce or prevent bacterial contamination. It is 
added to some antibacterial soaps and body washes, toothpastes, and some cosmetics. It also can be 
found in clothing, kitchenware, furniture, and toys. Therefore, the correct answer is (d).  
 
6. Which one of the following is a reason why astronomical distances are measured in light-years?  
(a) Distances among stellar bodies do not change  
(b) Gravity of stellar bodies does not change  
(c) Light always travels in straight line 
(d) Speed of light is always same. 
Answer: (d) 
Explanation: A light-year is the distance a beam of light travels in a vacuum in one year. The reasons 
for measuring astronomical distances in light years are familiar units like kilometers and miles are 
Page 4


 
 
1. Water can dissolve more substances than any other  liquid because  
(a) it is dipolar in nature  
(b) it is a good conductor of heat  
(c) it has high value of specific heat  
(d) it is an oxide of hydrogen  
Answer: (a) 
Explanation: Water is capable of dissolving a variety of different substances, which is why it is such a 
good solvent. And, water is called the "universal solvent" because it dissolves more substances than 
any other liquid. This is important to every living thing on earth. It means that wherever water goes, 
either through the ground or through our bodies, it takes along valuable chemicals, minerals, and 
nutrients. 
It is water's chemical composition and physical attributes that make it such an excellent solvent. 
Water molecules have a polar arrangement of the oxygen and hydrogen atoms—one side (hydrogen) 
has a positive electrical charge and the other side (oxygen) had a negative charge. This allows the 
water molecule to become attracted to many other different types of molecules. Water can become 
so heavily attracted to a different molecule, like salt (NaCl), that it can disrupt the attractive forces 
that hold the sodium and chloride in the salt molecule together and, thus, dissolve it. 
Therefore, the correct answer is (a).  
 
 
2. With reference to street-lighting, how do sodium lamps differ from LED lamps?  
(1) Sodium Lamps produce light in 360 degrees but it is not so in the case of LED lamps.  
(2) As street-lights, sodium lamps have longer life span than LED lamps.  
(3) The spectrum of visible light from sodium lamps is almost monochromatic while LED lamps 
offer significant colour advantages in street-lighting.  
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:  
(a) 3 only  
(b) 2 only 
(c) 1 and 3 only  
(d) 1, 2 and 3 
Answer: (c) 
 
 
Explanation: LED Chips are mounted on a circuit board, so depending on the configuration, usually 
180 degrees. This is typically an advantage because light is usually desired over a target area (rather 
than all 360 degrees around the bulb). So, statement 1 is correct. 
 
Sodium lamps lifespan is around 14,000 hours. LEDs last longer than any light source commercially 
available on the market. LEDs are typically 40,000 - 60,000 Hours. So, statement 2 is not correct. 
High-pressure sodium lamps (HPS) emit a broader spectrum of light than the low-pressure lamps, but 
they still have poorer color rendering than other types of lamps. Low-pressure sodium (LPS) lamps 
only give monochromatic yellow light and so inhibit color vision at night. LPS lamps in particular are 
monochromatic which means that the objects illuminated by them appear shadowy black rather than 
the color you would see during daylight. HPS lamps are better but are still surpassed by virtually 
every other light on the market. LEDs can be designed to generate the entire spectrum of visible light 
colors without having to use the traditional color filters required by traditional lighting solutions. So, 
statement 3 is correct. 
Therefore, the correct answer is (c). 
 
3. The term 'ACE2' is talked about in the context of  
(a) genes introduced in the genetically modified plants 
(b) development of India's own satellite navigation system  
(c) radio collars for wildlife tracking  
(d) spread of viral diseases  
Answer: (d) 
Explanation: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a protein on the surface of many cell types. 
It is an enzyme that generates small proteins – by cutting up the larger protein angiotensinogen – 
that then go on to regulate functions in the cell. 
Using the spike-like protein on its surface, the SARS-CoV-2 virus binds to ACE2. Hence, ACE2 acts as a 
cellular doorway that is a receptor for the virus that causes COVID-19. The spike protein of SARS-CoV-
2 can adopt at least 10 structural states in order to cling onto angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 
(ACE2) receptor cells in humans. Therefore, the correct answer is (d).  
 
4. Bisphenol A (BPA), a cause of concern, is a structural/key component in the manufacture of 
which of the following kind of plastic?  
(a) Low-density polyethylene 
 
 
(b) Polycarbonate  
(c) Polyethylene telephthalate  
(d) Polyvinyl chloride  
 
Answer: (b) 
Explanation:  Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical produced in large quantities for use primarily in the 
production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Polycarbonate plastics have many 
applications including use in some food and drink packaging, e.g., water and infant bottles, compact 
discs, impact-resistant safety equipment, and medical devices. Therefore, the correct answer is (b).  
 
 
5. 'Triclosan', considered harmful when exposed to high levels for a long time, is most lilely 
present in which of the following?  
(a) Food preservatives  
(b) Fruit-ripening substances  
(c) Reused plastic containers  
(d) Toiletries  
Answer: (d) 
Explanation: Triclosan is a lipophilic compound with antimicrobial properties. It is an ingredient 
added to many consumer products intended to reduce or prevent bacterial contamination. It is 
added to some antibacterial soaps and body washes, toothpastes, and some cosmetics. It also can be 
found in clothing, kitchenware, furniture, and toys. Therefore, the correct answer is (d).  
 
6. Which one of the following is a reason why astronomical distances are measured in light-years?  
(a) Distances among stellar bodies do not change  
(b) Gravity of stellar bodies does not change  
(c) Light always travels in straight line 
(d) Speed of light is always same. 
Answer: (d) 
Explanation: A light-year is the distance a beam of light travels in a vacuum in one year. The reasons 
for measuring astronomical distances in light years are familiar units like kilometers and miles are 
 
 
absurdly small for describing the vastness of the cosmos and the speed of light is both finite and 
constant with a value of approximately 2.998 x 108 m/s. Therefore, the correct answer is (d). 
 
7. We adopted parliamentary democracy based on the British model, but how does our model 
differ from that model? 
(1) As regards legislation, the British Parliament is supreme or sovereign but in India, the 
power of the Parliament to legislate is limited.   
(2) In India, matters related to the constitutionality of the Amendment of an Act of the 
Parliament are referred to the Constitution Bench by the Supreme Court.  
Select the correct answer using the code given below:  
(a) 1 only  
(b) 2 only  
(c) Both 1 and 2  
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 
Answer: (a) 
Explanation: Parliamentary sovereignty means that parliament is superior to the executive and 
judicial branches of government, and can therefore enact or repeal any law it chooses. It is a 
cornerstone of the UK constitutional system. Parliament of India is neither sovereign nor supreme. 
The authority and jurisdiction of Parliament are limited by the Powers of the other organs, the 
distribution of legislative powers between the Union and the States, fundamental rights (Article 32), 
Judicial review and an independent judiciary. Parliament cannot alter the basic features of the 
Constitution. So, statement 1 is correct. 
Matters related to the constitutionality of an amendment act can be referred by the SC to its 
constitutional bench. However it is not mandatory for the SC to refer the matter to constitution 
bench. In case of amendment of an ordinary act in many cases the matters related to its 
constitutionality are dealt by divisional benches. So, statement 2 is not correct.  
Therefore, the correct answer is (a). 
 
 
8. With reference to the Union Government, consider the following statements:  
(1) N. Gopalaswamy Iyengar Committee suggested that a minister and a secretary be 
designated solely for pursuing the subject of administrative reform and promoting it.  
Page 5


 
 
1. Water can dissolve more substances than any other  liquid because  
(a) it is dipolar in nature  
(b) it is a good conductor of heat  
(c) it has high value of specific heat  
(d) it is an oxide of hydrogen  
Answer: (a) 
Explanation: Water is capable of dissolving a variety of different substances, which is why it is such a 
good solvent. And, water is called the "universal solvent" because it dissolves more substances than 
any other liquid. This is important to every living thing on earth. It means that wherever water goes, 
either through the ground or through our bodies, it takes along valuable chemicals, minerals, and 
nutrients. 
It is water's chemical composition and physical attributes that make it such an excellent solvent. 
Water molecules have a polar arrangement of the oxygen and hydrogen atoms—one side (hydrogen) 
has a positive electrical charge and the other side (oxygen) had a negative charge. This allows the 
water molecule to become attracted to many other different types of molecules. Water can become 
so heavily attracted to a different molecule, like salt (NaCl), that it can disrupt the attractive forces 
that hold the sodium and chloride in the salt molecule together and, thus, dissolve it. 
Therefore, the correct answer is (a).  
 
 
2. With reference to street-lighting, how do sodium lamps differ from LED lamps?  
(1) Sodium Lamps produce light in 360 degrees but it is not so in the case of LED lamps.  
(2) As street-lights, sodium lamps have longer life span than LED lamps.  
(3) The spectrum of visible light from sodium lamps is almost monochromatic while LED lamps 
offer significant colour advantages in street-lighting.  
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:  
(a) 3 only  
(b) 2 only 
(c) 1 and 3 only  
(d) 1, 2 and 3 
Answer: (c) 
 
 
Explanation: LED Chips are mounted on a circuit board, so depending on the configuration, usually 
180 degrees. This is typically an advantage because light is usually desired over a target area (rather 
than all 360 degrees around the bulb). So, statement 1 is correct. 
 
Sodium lamps lifespan is around 14,000 hours. LEDs last longer than any light source commercially 
available on the market. LEDs are typically 40,000 - 60,000 Hours. So, statement 2 is not correct. 
High-pressure sodium lamps (HPS) emit a broader spectrum of light than the low-pressure lamps, but 
they still have poorer color rendering than other types of lamps. Low-pressure sodium (LPS) lamps 
only give monochromatic yellow light and so inhibit color vision at night. LPS lamps in particular are 
monochromatic which means that the objects illuminated by them appear shadowy black rather than 
the color you would see during daylight. HPS lamps are better but are still surpassed by virtually 
every other light on the market. LEDs can be designed to generate the entire spectrum of visible light 
colors without having to use the traditional color filters required by traditional lighting solutions. So, 
statement 3 is correct. 
Therefore, the correct answer is (c). 
 
3. The term 'ACE2' is talked about in the context of  
(a) genes introduced in the genetically modified plants 
(b) development of India's own satellite navigation system  
(c) radio collars for wildlife tracking  
(d) spread of viral diseases  
Answer: (d) 
Explanation: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a protein on the surface of many cell types. 
It is an enzyme that generates small proteins – by cutting up the larger protein angiotensinogen – 
that then go on to regulate functions in the cell. 
Using the spike-like protein on its surface, the SARS-CoV-2 virus binds to ACE2. Hence, ACE2 acts as a 
cellular doorway that is a receptor for the virus that causes COVID-19. The spike protein of SARS-CoV-
2 can adopt at least 10 structural states in order to cling onto angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 
(ACE2) receptor cells in humans. Therefore, the correct answer is (d).  
 
4. Bisphenol A (BPA), a cause of concern, is a structural/key component in the manufacture of 
which of the following kind of plastic?  
(a) Low-density polyethylene 
 
 
(b) Polycarbonate  
(c) Polyethylene telephthalate  
(d) Polyvinyl chloride  
 
Answer: (b) 
Explanation:  Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical produced in large quantities for use primarily in the 
production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Polycarbonate plastics have many 
applications including use in some food and drink packaging, e.g., water and infant bottles, compact 
discs, impact-resistant safety equipment, and medical devices. Therefore, the correct answer is (b).  
 
 
5. 'Triclosan', considered harmful when exposed to high levels for a long time, is most lilely 
present in which of the following?  
(a) Food preservatives  
(b) Fruit-ripening substances  
(c) Reused plastic containers  
(d) Toiletries  
Answer: (d) 
Explanation: Triclosan is a lipophilic compound with antimicrobial properties. It is an ingredient 
added to many consumer products intended to reduce or prevent bacterial contamination. It is 
added to some antibacterial soaps and body washes, toothpastes, and some cosmetics. It also can be 
found in clothing, kitchenware, furniture, and toys. Therefore, the correct answer is (d).  
 
6. Which one of the following is a reason why astronomical distances are measured in light-years?  
(a) Distances among stellar bodies do not change  
(b) Gravity of stellar bodies does not change  
(c) Light always travels in straight line 
(d) Speed of light is always same. 
Answer: (d) 
Explanation: A light-year is the distance a beam of light travels in a vacuum in one year. The reasons 
for measuring astronomical distances in light years are familiar units like kilometers and miles are 
 
 
absurdly small for describing the vastness of the cosmos and the speed of light is both finite and 
constant with a value of approximately 2.998 x 108 m/s. Therefore, the correct answer is (d). 
 
7. We adopted parliamentary democracy based on the British model, but how does our model 
differ from that model? 
(1) As regards legislation, the British Parliament is supreme or sovereign but in India, the 
power of the Parliament to legislate is limited.   
(2) In India, matters related to the constitutionality of the Amendment of an Act of the 
Parliament are referred to the Constitution Bench by the Supreme Court.  
Select the correct answer using the code given below:  
(a) 1 only  
(b) 2 only  
(c) Both 1 and 2  
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 
Answer: (a) 
Explanation: Parliamentary sovereignty means that parliament is superior to the executive and 
judicial branches of government, and can therefore enact or repeal any law it chooses. It is a 
cornerstone of the UK constitutional system. Parliament of India is neither sovereign nor supreme. 
The authority and jurisdiction of Parliament are limited by the Powers of the other organs, the 
distribution of legislative powers between the Union and the States, fundamental rights (Article 32), 
Judicial review and an independent judiciary. Parliament cannot alter the basic features of the 
Constitution. So, statement 1 is correct. 
Matters related to the constitutionality of an amendment act can be referred by the SC to its 
constitutional bench. However it is not mandatory for the SC to refer the matter to constitution 
bench. In case of amendment of an ordinary act in many cases the matters related to its 
constitutionality are dealt by divisional benches. So, statement 2 is not correct.  
Therefore, the correct answer is (a). 
 
 
8. With reference to the Union Government, consider the following statements:  
(1) N. Gopalaswamy Iyengar Committee suggested that a minister and a secretary be 
designated solely for pursuing the subject of administrative reform and promoting it.  
 
 
(2) In 1970, the Department of Personnel was constituted on the recommendation of the 
Administrative Reforms Commission, 1966, and this was placed under the Prime Minister’s 
charge.  
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?  
(a) 1 only 
(b) 2 only  
(c) Both 1 and 2  
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 
 
Answer: (c) 
Explanation: In 1949, the Gopalaswami Ayyangar Committee while recommending restructuring of 
the Central Secretariat, suggested that a Department should be identifi ed with a Secretary’s charge 
and a Ministry should be identified with a Minister’s charge. So, statement 1 is correct. 
In 1954, on the recommendation of Paul H. Appleby report, an Organisation and Methods (O&M) 
Division was set up in the Cabinet Secretariat. In 1964, the O&M Division was transferred to 
the Ministry of Home Affairs, under the newly created Department of Administrative Reforms. In 
1970, on the basis of the recommendations of the Administrative Reforms Commission, the 
Department of Personnel was set up in the Cabinet Secretariat. Since Cabinet secretariat falls under 
the Prime Minister, it is safe to say the DoPT was placed under PM’s Charge. So, statement 2 is 
correct. 
Therefore, the correct answer is (c). 
 
9. ‘Right to Privacy’ is protected under which Article of the constitution of India?  
(a) Article 15 
(b) Article 19 
(c) Article 21 
(d) Article 29 
 
Answer: (c)