Unit Test (Solutions): Gender Religion and Caste | Social Studies (SST) Class 10 PDF Download

Time: 1 hour       

M.M.: 30
Instructions: Attempt all questions.
 Question numbers 1 to 5 carry 1 mark each.
 Question numbers 6 to 8 carry 2 marks each.
 Question numbers 9 to 11 carry 3 marks each.
 Question numbers 12 & 13 carry 5 marks each.

Q1. What is the main aim of the feminist movement? (1 Mark)
 (a) To promote traditional gender roles
 (b) To demand equal rights for women in all spheres
 (c) To suppress male voices in politics
 (d) To abolish elections

Ans: (b) To demand equal rights for women in all spheres

The main aim of the feminist movement is to demand equal rights for women in all areas of life. To improve women's political and legal status. To enhance educational and career opportunities for women.

Q2. What percentage of women representation is reserved under the Women’s Reservation Act, 2023? (1 Mark)

(a) 25%
(b) 33%
(c) 50%
(d) 14.36%

Ans: (b) 33%

The Women’s Reservation Act, 2023 reserves 33% of seats for women in Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies, promoting gender equality in political representation.

Q3. Communalism is based on the idea that: (1 Mark)

(a) People of different religions must live together peacefully
(b) All religious groups should be treated equally
(c) Religion is the basis of a social community
(d) Religion should not play any role in politics

Ans: (c) Religion is the basis of a social community

Communalism emphasizes the belief that followers of a particular religion form a distinct community, often leading to divisions and conflicts in society.

Q4. State one reason why caste continues to influence Indian politics. (1 Mark)
Ans: Caste continues to influence Indian politics primarily due to its deep-rooted connection with social identity.

• Many people identify strongly with their caste, viewing it as a key part of their social community.
• Political parties often consider the caste composition of voters when selecting candidates.
• To gain electoral support, parties may nominate candidates from various castes.
• Coalitions between different caste groups are common, reflecting their political significance.

Q5. Mention one constitutional measure adopted to protect India’s secular character. (1 Mark)
Ans: One constitutional measure adopted to protect India’s secular character is the prohibition of discrimination on the grounds of religion.

• The Constitution does not recognise any official religion for the state.
• It grants all individuals the freedom to practice any religion or none at all.
• The state can intervene in religious matters to ensure equality among communities.
• For example, it bans practices like untouchability.

Q6. What is meant by sexual division of labour? Give one example. (2 Marks)
Ans: The sexual division of labour refers to a system where specific tasks and responsibilities are assigned to individuals based on their gender. Typically:

• Women are expected to handle domestic tasks such as cooking, cleaning, and childcare.
• Men are generally responsible for work outside the home, such as earning an income.

For example, in many households, women manage all household chores while men take on roles like working in offices or fields. This division reflects societal norms rather than biological differences.

Q7. Define communalism. Why is it considered harmful to democracy? (2 Marks)
Ans: Communalism refers to a belief system where individuals identify primarily with their religious community, often leading to the idea that people of different religions cannot coexist as equals. This mindset can manifest in various harmful ways:

Communalism is considered harmful to democracy because it undermines the principles of equality and unity. It creates divisions among citizens, making it difficult for them to work together for common goals. Furthermore, it can distract from important issues like poverty and development, ultimately weakening the democratic fabric of society.

Q8. What is the significance of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in Indian politics? (2 Marks)
Ans: The significance of Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST) in Indian politics is profound, influencing both representation and policy-making. Key points include:

• SCs, often referred to as Dalits, were historically marginalised and faced discrimination, impacting their political engagement.
• STs, known as Adivasis, represent communities that have traditionally lived in isolation, contributing to their unique political needs.
• As of 2011, SCs made up 16.6% and STs 8.6% of India's population, highlighting their significant presence.
• Political parties often cater to these groups to secure votes, recognising their importance in electoral strategies.
• The focus on caste has raised awareness and mobilised communities, enabling them to demand greater representation and rights.

Q9. Explain three reasons why women’s representation in politics has remained low in India. (3 Marks)
Ans: Women's representation in politics in India remains low due to several factors:

• Societal Norms: Traditional views often see men as the primary decision-makers, limiting women's participation in politics.
• Violence and Harassment: Women face various forms of violence and discrimination, making it unsafe for them to engage in public life.
• Lack of Support: There is insufficient political support and resources for women, hindering their ability to run for office and be elected.

Q10. How does the caste system affect economic inequality in India? Give three points. (3 Marks)
Ans: The caste system significantly contributes to economic inequality in India through the following ways:

• Access to Resources: Historically, certain castes, particularly the 'untouchables', were denied rights to own land and access education, limiting their economic opportunities.
• Income Disparities: The average economic status still reflects the old caste hierarchy, with 'upper' castes generally being wealthier, while Dalits and Adivasis remain the poorest.
• Education and Employment: Caste groups with historical access to education have better economic outcomes today, while those without such access continue to lag behind.

Q11. Describe any three forms in which communalism manifests in Indian politics. (3 Marks)
Ans: Communalism manifests in Indian politics in several ways:

• Everyday Beliefs: Commonly, communalism appears through religious prejudices and stereotypes. Many people may not recognise their biases, believing in the superiority of their own religion.
• Political Mobilisation: This involves rallying followers of a particular religion using emotional appeals and religious symbols. Such tactics often lead to demands that prioritise one religion over others, creating divisions.
• Communal Violence: In extreme cases, communalism can escalate into violence, such as riots and massacres. Historical events like the Partition of India exemplify the severe consequences of communal tensions.

Q12. Describe the mutual relationship between caste and politics in India. Highlight both its positive and negative aspects. (5 Marks)
Ans: The relationship between caste and politics in India is complex, exhibiting both positive and negative aspects:

• Positive Aspects:
  • Caste politics has empowered Dalits and OBCs to demand their share of power.
  • Political representation has improved for historically disadvantaged communities.
  • New caste groups, such as backward and forward castes, have emerged, fostering dialogue and coalition-building.
  • Organisations advocate for the rights and dignity of lower castes, pushing for access to resources and opportunities.
• Negative Aspects:
  • Focus on caste can overshadow critical issues like poverty and corruption.
  • Caste-based politics may lead to tensions and conflicts, sometimes resulting in violence.
  • It can create a perception that elections revolve solely around caste, ignoring other important factors.
  • Discrimination and practices like untouchability persist despite legal prohibitions.

Q13. How does the Indian Constitution promote secularism? Explain with any four constitutional provisions or principles. (5 Marks)
Ans: The Indian Constitution promotes secularism through several key provisions:

• No official religion: The Constitution does not endorse any religion, ensuring that the state remains neutral.
• Freedom of religion: Individuals have the right to profess, practice, and propagate any religion, or choose not to follow any.
• Prohibition of discrimination: The Constitution prohibits discrimination on the basis of religion, promoting equality among all citizens.
• State intervention: The state can intervene in religious matters to ensure equality, such as banning practices like untouchability.

These provisions collectively form the foundation of a secular state, aiming to combat communalism and promote harmony among diverse religious communities.