Weekly Current Affairs (8th August to 14th August 2023) | Current Affairs: Daily, Weekly & Monthly - CLAT PDF Download

Project Devika: Reviving the Devika River

Project Devika, a significant initiative aimed at the rejuvenation of the Devika River, is making strides towards completion in Northern India. 

Spearheaded under the National River Conservation Plan (NRCP), this venture holds the distinction of being North India's first-ever river rejuvenation project. With its comprehensive approach, Project Devika envisions the transformation of the Devika River's ecosystem to foster environmental sustainability and enhance its cultural significance.

Key Highlights of Project Devika:

• Rejuvenation Objectives: Under the Project Devika, the primary objective is to breathe new life into the Devika River. The initiative focuses on holistic rejuvenation by revitalizing natural water bodies, removing encroachments, and developing catchment areas. This multifaceted endeavor aims to restore the river's vitality and ecological balance.
• Bathing Ghats and Amenities: A pivotal aspect of the project is the development of bathing "ghats" along the banks of the Devika River. These ghats will provide accessible areas for religious and cultural practices, enhancing community engagement with the river. Additionally, the project encompasses the creation of amenities, including cremation grounds, fostering a harmonious coexistence with the river's surroundings.
• Infrastructure Enhancement: Project Devika encompasses various infrastructural enhancements. This includes the establishment of three sewage treatment plants to mitigate pollution, the construction of two cremation ghats, and the implementation of protective fencing and landscaping measures. The initiative also introduces the integration of small hydropower plants and three solar power plants, contributing to sustainable energy practices.
• Positive Environmental Impact: The completion of Project Devika is poised to yield substantial environmental benefits. Through its comprehensive efforts, the project is expected to reduce pollution levels in the river and enhance overall water quality. These improvements will contribute to the preservation of the river's ecosystem and the well-being of the communities relying on its resources.
• Cultural and Religious Significance: Devika River holds profound cultural and religious importance. Originating from the revered Suddha Mahadev temple in the Udhampur district of Jammu and Kashmir, the river is considered the sister of the Ganga River by Hindus. This spiritual connection lends an added layer of significance to the river's restoration and conservation.
• Devika Bridge and Connectivity: In 2020, the inauguration of the Devika Bridge in Udhampur marked a significant milestone in the region. Beyond addressing traffic congestion, the bridge was strategically designed to facilitate the smooth passage of Army convoys and vehicles, further contributing to the region's connectivity and security.

Amrit Bharat Stations Scheme: Transforming Railway Stations Across India

The Amrit Bharat Stations scheme, a transformative initiative launched by the Ministry of Railways, is set to redefine the landscape of railway stations across India. This visionary scheme aims to redevelop nearly 1300 prime railway stations in the country with the objective of enhancing passenger experience, integrating sustainable solutions, and fostering local economic growth.

Key Highlights of the Amrit Bharat Stations Scheme:

• Holistic Approach to Redevelopment: The Amrit Bharat Stations scheme adopts a comprehensive approach to the redevelopment of railway stations. It focuses on continuous and long-term development, with the goal of creating modern and efficient transportation hubs.
• Master Planning for Long-term Development: A cornerstone of the scheme is the preparation of Master Plans for each station, outlining long-term development strategies tailored to the specific needs and demands of individual stations. This tailored approach ensures that the transformation aligns with local requirements.
• Enhancing Passenger Amenities: The scheme places paramount importance on passenger convenience and amenities. It aims to enhance various aspects of station infrastructure, including station access, waiting halls, cleanliness, elevators/escalators, and Divyangjan-friendly facilities. The provision of free Wi-Fi and local product kiosks under initiatives like 'One Station One Product' further enriches the passenger experience.
• City Integration and Sustainability: A distinctive feature of the scheme is the integration of stations with the surrounding cityscape. It envisions the creation of city centers at stations, fostering seamless connectivity between the station and the city on both sides. The incorporation of sustainable and environment-friendly solutions underscores the commitment to responsible urban development.
• Roof Plazas and Community Spaces: The scheme emphasizes the creation of innovative spaces such as 'Roof Plazas' to provide passengers with open and inviting areas for relaxation and interaction. The redevelopment also focuses on integrating amenities for Divyangjans (people with disabilities) to ensure inclusivity.
• Phased and Feasible Implementation: Recognizing the complexity of station redevelopment, the scheme emphasizes phased and feasible implementation. This approach ensures that transformations are carried out systematically, maintaining functionality throughout the redevelopment process.
• Positive Impact on Freight and Sustainability: Alongside passenger amenities, the Amrit Bharat Stations scheme acknowledges the broader ecosystem. The construction of dedicated freight corridors has significantly reduced travel times for goods trains, fostering efficient logistics and economic growth. Furthermore, the adoption of LED lights in coaches and the increased number of bio-toilets contribute to a more sustainable and energy-efficient railway system.
• Net Zero Emissions Railways by 2030: The scheme is aligned with India's ambitious goals for sustainability. By 2030, India envisions a railway network that operates with net-zero emissions, reflecting a commitment to environmental stewardship and reduced carbon footprint.

Sustainable Groundwater Management: Fostering Resilient Water Resources

The Minister of State for Jal Shakti has conveyed a comprehensive roadmap for ensuring sustainable groundwater management in India. With the imperative of addressing depleting groundwater levels, the government has initiated a series of strategic measures aimed at conserving this vital resource for present and future generations.

• Monitoring Groundwater Levels: The Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) serves as the custodian of India's groundwater resources. In its bid to proactively address groundwater dynamics, CGWB employs a network of monitoring wells to track groundwater levels across the nation on a regional scale. An analysis of CGWB's water level data from November 2022, compared with the decadal mean of November (2012-2021), demonstrates that approximately 61.1% of monitored wells have witnessed an increase in groundwater levels, while around 38.9% have experienced a decline.

Steps Towards Sustainable Groundwater Management:

• Master Plan for Artificial Recharge: A crucial stride towards sustainable groundwater management is the formulation of the Master Plan for Artificial Recharge to Groundwater – 2020. Developed in collaboration with respective state counterparts, this plan envisions the implementation of artificial recharge practices across both rural and urban regions, including water-scarce cities. This initiative strives to replenish groundwater resources through innovative interventions.
• Jal Shakti Abhiyan (JSA): Launched in 2019, the Jal Shakti Abhiyan seeks to address water scarcity in 256 districts across the nation. By harnessing the monsoon's bounty, the campaign aims to create artificial recharge structures, employ watershed management strategies, establish recharge and reuse facilities, intensify afforestation efforts, and raise awareness about water conservation.
• Catch the Rain 2023: The Jal Shakti Abhiyan continues its pursuit of sustainable groundwater management through the Catch the Rain 2023 initiative. This project is laser-focused on strengthening the sources of drinking water. It advocates source sustainability and stabilization for rural drinking water supply schemes, underscoring the importance of groundwater in ensuring reliable water sources.
• Atal Bhujal Yojana: In tandem with states, the Atal Bhujal Yojana targets water-stressed regions in states such as Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh. This scheme adopts a demand-side approach, engaging local communities at the village level. By leveraging scientific methods, this initiative emphasizes community-driven groundwater management for long-term sustainability.

Jan Vishwas Bill, 2023: Revolutionizing Legal Framework Across Sectors

The passage of the Jan Vishwas (Amendment of Provisions) Bill, 2023, in the Parliament marks a significant step towards refining legal provisions across diverse domains. This comprehensive legislation introduces amendments to 42 laws spanning sectors such as agriculture, environment, media and publication, and health, heralding a new era of streamlined enforcement and penalties.

Key Highlights of the Jan Vishwas Bill, 2023:

• Multifaceted Amendments: The Jan Vishwas (Amendment of Provisions) Bill, 2023, casts its transformative influence across 42 laws encompassing various sectors. Ranging from agriculture to media and publication, the amendments signal a holistic approach towards enhancing legal efficacy.
• Transition from Fines to Penalties: One of the pivotal changes introduced by the Bill is the conversion of fines into penalties. This transition implies that punitive measures can be administered without the necessity of court prosecution. By instituting penalties, the legislative landscape becomes more dynamic and efficient, expediting the enforcement process.
• Mitigation of Imprisonment Penalties: A noteworthy facet of the Bill is its curtailment of imprisonment as a punitive measure for multiple offenses. By modifying the punitive spectrum, the legislation emphasizes alternative means of addressing infractions, steering away from incarceration as the primary recourse.
• Controversy and Focus: Changes to the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940: The Jan Vishwas Bill, 2023, has drawn significant attention due to the changes proposed to the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940. This particular legislation governs the import, production, distribution, and sale of drugs and cosmetics in the nation. The Bill's modifications within this Act have sparked discussion and debate within the legal and healthcare realms.
• Existing Framework of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940: Under the current purview of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, four categories of offenses are delineated—adulterated drugs, spurious drugs, mislabeled drugs, and Not of Standard Quality drugs (NSQs). The penalties for these offenses, encompassing varying degrees of punishment combining imprisonment and fines, are contingent upon the severity of the violation.

National Dental Commission Bill, 2023: Transforming Dental Education and Regulation

The recent passage of the National Dental Commission Bill, 2023, by the Parliament marks a significant stride towards revolutionizing the landscape of dental education and profession in India. With a vision to align the sector with international standards, the Act aims to overhaul the existing Dentists Act, 1948, and establish a dynamic regulatory framework.

Key Highlights of the National Dental Commission Bill, 2023:

• Paradigm Shift in Dental Education: The National Dental Commission Act ushers in a comprehensive transformation of the dental education ecosystem. With a focus on attaining international benchmarks, the Act aims to modernize and elevate the quality of dental education.
• Establishment of the National Dental Commission: Central to the Act is the establishment of the National Dental Commission. This entity will spearhead the regulation, development, and enhancement of dental education and practice. The Commission will be accompanied by State Dental Councils or Joint Dental Councils, facilitating a decentralized regulatory approach.
• Autonomous Boards for Specialized Functions: The Act empowers three distinct Autonomous Boards: the Under-Graduate and Postgraduate Dental Education Board, the Dental Assessment and Rating Board (DARB), and the Ethics and Dental Registration Board (EDRB). Each board will undertake specific functions, contributing to a comprehensive and specialized regulatory framework.
• Fixed Tenure and Representation: The Act introduces fixed tenures for the Chairperson, Members, and Secretary of the Commission. This step ensures stability, independence, and continuity in decision-making. Additionally, the Act establishes a Dental Advisory Council with representation from all States/Union Territories, fostering comprehensive insights and inclusive guidance.
• Online National Register and Effective Collaboration: A notable feature of the Act is the introduction of an online and live National Register of licensed dentists and dental auxiliaries. This database ensures transparency, accessibility, and accuracy in maintaining records. Moreover, the Act facilitates joint sittings with pertinent statutory bodies, fostering collaboration and synchronization with organizations such as the National Medical Commission, Pharmacy Council of India, and others.

Maya Operating System (OS): A Leap Towards Cyber Sovereignty

In a significant move, the Defence Ministry has taken a decisive step to replace the prevalent Microsoft Operating System (OS) in internet-connected computers with the cutting-edge Maya Operating System (OS). This strategic transition not only emphasizes cybersecurity but also underscores the nation's drive towards technological self-reliance.

Key Highlights of the Maya Operating System (OS):

• Powered by Ubuntu and Open-Source Philosophy: The Maya OS marks a new era in operating systems, hinging on the foundation of Ubuntu, a renowned Linux distribution acclaimed for its open-source ethos. This alignment underscores the importance of utilizing free and open-source software to bolster security and sovereignty.
• Government Collaborations in Development: The Ministry of Defence has spearheaded the development of the Maya OS, leveraging the collective expertise of governmental bodies such as the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), and the National Informatics Centre (NIC). This collaboration reflects a concerted effort towards fortifying national cybersecurity infrastructure.
• Seamless Transition with Familiarity: An exceptional facet of the Maya OS lies in its user interface and functionality, reminiscent of the familiar Windows interface. This design philosophy ensures a smooth transition for users, minimizing adaptation challenges while embracing enhanced security features.
• Chakravyuh: Enhancing Cybersecurity: At the heart of the Maya OS lies a powerful feature called "Chakravyuh." This advanced functionality serves as an end-point anti-malware and antivirus software, introducing an innovative virtual layer between users and the internet. This virtual barrier effectively thwarts unauthorized access attempts by hackers, safeguarding sensitive data.

The Implications:

The adoption of the Maya Operating System carries profound implications, resonating beyond mere technological shifts:

• Cyber Sovereignty and Security: By embracing the Maya OS, the nation reiterates its commitment to cyber sovereignty. This transition strengthens the country's ability to secure its digital assets against ever-evolving cyber threats, ensuring the integrity and confidentiality of sensitive information.
• Technological Independence: The Maya OS represents a significant stride towards technological self-reliance. By developing indigenous solutions and reducing dependency on proprietary systems, India aligns with its vision of "Atmanirbhar Bharat."
• User-Friendly Adaptation: The design philosophy behind the Maya OS prioritizes user familiarity, easing the transition for users accustomed to Windows interfaces. This user-centric approach ensures that cybersecurity enhancements do not compromise usability.

Driving the Green Hydrogen Revolution: India's Vision for Sustainability

In a resolute commitment to harness sustainable energy solutions, the Union Minister for New & Renewable Energy has unveiled a comprehensive strategy to propel the adoption of Green Hydrogen. As a clean and renewable fuel alternative, Green Hydrogen holds the promise of revolutionizing energy generation while fostering environmental stewardship.

Key Highlights of India's Green Hydrogen Strategy:

• Production through Renewable Energy: Green Hydrogen distinguishes itself by its mode of production through electrolysis of water using renewable electricity. Additionally, biomass serves as a resource for Green Hydrogen generation, facilitated through thermochemical and biochemical processes.
• Cost Dynamics: The production cost of Green Hydrogen hinges on two pivotal components: the expense of electrolysers and the input of renewable energy. A strategic approach to reducing these costs is essential to making Green Hydrogen an economically viable solution.
• Domestic and Global Perspective: While the current domestic production of Green Hydrogen is limited, various entities are embarking on initiatives to establish production facilities for Green Hydrogen and its derivative, Green Ammonia, within India. This forward momentum underscores India's aspirations to emerge as a global hub for Green Hydrogen production, utilization, and export.

Strategic Interventions and Programs:

The mission to promote Green Hydrogen encompasses a comprehensive framework of strategic interventions and programs:

• Strategic Interventions for Green Hydrogen Transition (SIGHT) Program: Aiming to stimulate demand creation both domestically and through exports.
• Financial Incentives: The SIGHT program introduces two financial incentive mechanisms to support domestic manufacturing of electrolysers and Green Hydrogen production.
• Pilot Projects and Diverse Applications: A key facet entails the execution of pilot projects spanning green steel, mobility, shipping, decentralized energy applications, biomass-based hydrogen production, storage solutions, and more.
• Green Hydrogen Hubs and Infrastructure: The development of Green Hydrogen Hubs forms a cornerstone, coupled with the necessary infrastructure enhancements.
• Regulatory Framework and R&D: An enabling regulatory framework and adherence to standards pave the way for sustained growth. Research and Development efforts bolster the sector's technological advancement.
• Skill Development and Public Outreach: Skill development initiatives and extensive public awareness campaigns are integral components of the strategy.

Implications and Path Forward:

India's ambitious Green Hydrogen strategy carries far-reaching implications:

• Sustainable Energy Future: By promoting Green Hydrogen, India is steering towards a cleaner and more sustainable energy future, aligning with global environmental imperatives.
• Economic Viability: As production costs decrease and innovation accelerates, Green Hydrogen has the potential to become an economically competitive energy solution.
• Technological Advancement: The strategy's emphasis on research, development, and skill enhancement positions India as a technological trailblazer in the realm of Green Hydrogen.

Insights into the Asian Elephant Population and Demography: Karnataka's Endeavors

In a significant stride towards wildlife conservation, the Karnataka Minister of Forests has unveiled an interim report shedding light on the Asian Elephant Population and Demography Estimates for the year 2023. The findings offer a comprehensive understanding of the current state of the elephant population in Karnataka, reflecting collaborative efforts to safeguard these majestic creatures.

Key Highlights of the Asian Elephant Population Report:

• Collaborative Elephant Census: The report's insights stem from a meticulously conducted elephant census, a harmonized effort orchestrated by the Forest Department. This census was a collaborative endeavor, uniting neighboring states including Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Goa.
• Positive Surge in Population: The report brings forth heartening news, indicating an increase in the wild elephant population within Karnataka. In comparison to 6,049 elephants recorded in 2017, the current count has risen to 6,395 elephants.
• Fluctuations Over Time: A historical perspective reveals fluctuations in elephant numbers over the years. In 2010, the projected count stood at 5,740, subsequently rising to 6,072 in 2012. The population experienced a dip in 2017 before rebounding to the current figure of 6,395.
• Conservation Challenges within Private Lands: Within this elephant populace, approximately 161 elephants are located within private lands, including coffee estates. These settings pose unique conservation challenges that necessitate careful consideration and strategic interventions.
• Density and Distribution: Karnataka's landscape hosts an average elephant density of 0.34 per square kilometer, reflecting the distribution of these animals across various ecosystems.
• Tiger Reserves as Hotspots: Tiger Reserves within Karnataka have emerged as vital havens for elephants. The Bandipur Tiger Reserve boasts a remarkable elephant density of 0.96 per square kilometer, with 1,116 elephants documented. The Nagarahole Tiger Reserve follows suit with 831 elephants and a density of 0.93.

Significance and Conservation Implications:

• Collaboration for Conservation: The collaborative approach adopted for the census exemplifies the spirit of cooperation required for effective wildlife conservation. It transcends state boundaries, underscoring the collective responsibility towards safeguarding these magnificent creatures.
• Bolstering Conservation Measures: The reported population surge is heartening, yet it amplifies the need for continued and intensified conservation efforts. The presence of elephants in private lands necessitates tailored strategies to ensure their protection and coexistence with human activities.
• Biodiversity Preservation: The conservation of Asian elephants contributes not only to their preservation but also to the overall biodiversity of Karnataka's ecosystems. Elephants play a critical role in shaping and maintaining these natural habitats.

Catalyzing Indigenous Innovation: The Indian Web Browser Development Challenge (IWBDC)

In a bid to foster innovation, promote indigenous technology, and strengthen digital sovereignty, the Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology (MeitY) has taken a remarkable stride by launching the Indian Web Browser Development Challenge (IWBDC). This open competition beckons technology enthusiasts, innovators, and developers from every corner of the nation to embark on a journey to craft an indigenous web browser.

Key Highlights of the Indian Web Browser Development Challenge:

• Inspiration for Innovation: The IWBDC initiative seeks to spark the inventive spirit of tech enthusiasts by challenging them to create a homegrown web browser. This competition serves as a platform to empower developers with the opportunity to contribute to the technological landscape.
• Generous Cash Prizes: MeitY has allocated an impressive total of ₹3.4 crore in cash prizes as an incentive for developers who successfully design an indigenous web browser that aligns with the designated parameters.
• Embracing Digital Sovereignty: A distinctive facet of this challenge is the condition that the conceived web browser must demonstrate trust in the Indian government's Controller of Certifying Authorities (CCA). This entity is tasked with managing digital signatures and SSL certificates, thereby ensuring secure online transactions.
• Significance of SSL Certificates: SSL certificates bear paramount importance in the realm of online security. They serve the vital role of encrypting websites and safeguarding them against unauthorized modifications and impersonation by malicious actors.
• Root Certifying Authority Dynamics: An intricate facet of this challenge is India's lack of a root certifying authority that is acknowledged and endorsed by major web browsers such as Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, and Microsoft Edge. This has resulted in a situation where the certificates issued under India's Root Certifying Authority of India (established in 2000 under the CCA) are not widely recognized by these browsers.
• Ineffectual Recognition of Indian Certificates: Due to the absence of acknowledgment from major web browsers, both governmental and private websites in India find themselves compelled to procure SSL certificates from foreign certifying authorities.

Encouraging Indigenous Digital Solutions:

• Digital Autonomy: The IWBDC mirrors the broader pursuit of digital autonomy and self-reliance. By inspiring developers to create an indigenous web browser, the challenge paves the way for a future where India's technological foundation is nurtured within its borders.
• Enhancing Online Security: Through the prerequisite of trusting the Indian government's CCA, the challenge drives the development of web browsers that prioritize robust online security. By promoting reliance on indigenous SSL certificates, it reinforces the country's cybersecurity landscape.
• Empowering Innovators: The IWBDC transcends mere competition; it empowers innovators to contribute directly to the digital transformation of India. This initiative underscores the government's commitment to leveraging indigenous talent for technological advancements.

Fostering Rural Entrepreneurship: One District One Product (ODOP) Wall

In a concerted effort to harness the latent potential of rural artisans and bolster regional economies, the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), Ministry of Commerce & Industry, has joined hands with the Ministry of Rural Development to unveil the innovative One District One Product (ODOP) Wall. This collaborative initiative bears the promise of not only propelling sales but also elevating the visibility of indigenous crafts and products, all while spotlighting the skillful craftsmanship of rural Self Help Groups (SHGs) women through the SARAS Aajeevika platform.

Key Highlights of the ODOP Wall Initiative:

• Synergy of ODOP and SARAS: The ODOP Wall is the fruit of a strategic alliance between the One District One Product (ODOP) initiative and the SARAS Aajeevika program. This partnership is designed to channel consumer interest towards catalyzing sales and amplifying the reach of products featured under the SARAS umbrella.
• Empowerment of Artisans: By nurturing collaboration between the ODOP initiative and SARAS Aajeevika, the government aims to empower artisans, particularly rural women SHG members, by providing them a platform to showcase their exceptional craftsmanship. This enables them to effectively engage with potential markets while commanding fair prices for their creations.
• Holistic Socioeconomic Growth: The ODOP initiative, launched by DPIIT, holds the vision of promoting balanced regional development across all districts of India. It accomplishes this by identifying and championing at least one product from each district, thereby fostering holistic socioeconomic advancement across the nation.
• Vast Product Landscape: Under the expansive umbrella of the ODOP initiative, a staggering 1,102 products from 761 districts across India have been meticulously identified, branded, and promoted. This diverse range of products encapsulates the cultural richness and artistic diversity of the nation.

SARAS Aajeevika: Nurturing Rural Entrepreneurship:

• A Platform for Empowerment: The SARAS Mela is a commendable initiative borne out of the Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana-National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM) under the Ministry of Rural Development. This platform gathers rural women SHG members, who are at the heart of the initiative, to display their skills, market their creations, and establish connections with potential buyers at fair prices.
• Inclusive Rural Development: Through the SARAS Aajeevika platform, the Ministry of Rural Development is not just promoting rural entrepreneurship but also steering the direction of economic progress in rural areas. By amplifying the visibility of rural products, the initiative contributes to the economic empowerment of women and rural communities.