Life Lines of National Economy Class 10 Worksheet Geography Chapter 1

Q1: The National Highway No. 1 is also known as _____ .
(a) Mahatma Gandhi Marg
(b) Sher Shah Suri Marg
(c) Golden Quadrilateral
(d) Jawaharlal Nehru Road
Ans:  B 

Q2: The biggest port is
(a) Mumbai port
(b) Marmagao port
(c) New Mangalore port
(d) Kandla port
Ans:  A

Q3: Tourism help in the development of international understanding and ______
(a) Brotherhood
(b) National pride
(c) Culture and heritage
(d) Handicrafts
Ans:  C

Q4: What locations are connected by the longest National Highway-7?
(a) Delhi and Kanyakumari
(b) Delhi and Mumbai
(c) Jabalpur and Madurai
(d) Varanasi and Kanyakumari
Ans:  D

 Q5: Which two of the following extreme locations are connected by the East-West Corridors?
(a) Srinagar and Kanyakumari
(b) Silcher and Porbandar
(c) Mumbai and Kolkata
(d) Nagpur and Siligudi
Ans:  B

 Q6: The main type of water transport is:
(a) ocean
(b) inland waterways
(c) both (a) and (b)
(d) none of these
Ans:  A

Q7: Countries like Nepal and Bhutan are called:
(a) coastal countries
(b) landlocked countries
(c) gulf countries
(d) none of these
Ans:  B

Q8: ______ has one of the largest road networks in the world, aggregating to about 2.3 million km at present.
(a) India
(b) China
(c) Bangladesh
(d) Nepal
Ans:  A

Q9: Which of the following corridors links Srinagar and Kanyakumari?
(a) North-South corridor
(b) East-West corridor
(c) North-East corridor
(d) Sout-West corridor
Ans:  A

Q10: Which of the following roads received special impetus under the Pradhan Mantri Grameen Sadal Yojana?
(a) Rural roads
(b) Urban roads
(c) District roads
(d) National Highways
Ans:  A

Fill In The Blank

Direction : Complete the following statements with appropriate words.
Q1: The first port developed soon after independence is  ______ .
Ans:  Kandla

Q2: ______ are the cheapest means of transport.
Ans: Waterways

Q3: With the development in ______ and ______ , the area of influence of trade and transport, expanded far and wide.
Ans: science, technology

True/False
Direction: Read each of the following statements and write if it is true or false.

Q1: The Ganga river between Allahabad and Haldia is National Waterway No. 1.
Ans:  True

Q2: Pawanhans Helicopters Ltd. provides helicopter services to oil and Natural Gas Corporation in its offshore operations to inaccessible areas.
Ans:  True

Q3: Marmagao port is the premier iron ore exporting port  of the country.
Ans:  True

Q4: Air travel is transport in north-eastern parts of India due to less expensive mode of transport. (True/False)
Ans:  True

Q5: Super highways are six lane highways connecting major cities and ports of the country for speedy movement of goods and passengers. (True/False)
Ans:  True

Q6: BOT stands for Build, Operate and Transfer. It means that after realising cost and profit for certain period, the roads will be transferred to the govt. as their rightful owners. (True/False)
Ans:  True

Q7: Railways can transport larger number of goods and passengers over long distances at economical cost. (True/False)
Ans:  True

Q8: Express or freeways are the national highways with 4 to 6 lanes meant to meet the requirement of fast traffic movement across the country. (True/False)
Ans:  True

Assertion And Reason Questions
DIRECTION : In the following questions, a statement of assertion is followed by a statement of reason. Mark the correct choice as :

Q1: Assertion : Road transportation in India faces a number of problems.
Reason : Roads are unmetalied, their network is adequate.
(a) If Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If Assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If Both assertion and reason are false.
Ans: (a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
Density of all roads varies, keeping in view the volume of traffic and passengers, the road network is inadequate, they are unmetalled and unfit for use, posing a lot of problems for transportation.

Q2: Assertion : Waterways are the cheapest means of transport.
Reason : It is a fuel-efficient and environment friendly mode of transport.
(a) If Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If Assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If Both assertion and reason are false.
Ans: (a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
The reason justifies the Assertion. 

Q3: Assertion : International trade has undergone a sea of changes in the last decades.
Reason: Exchange of commodities and goods have been superseded by the exchange of information and knowledge
(a) If Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If Assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If Both assertion and reason are false.
Ans: (a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
India has emerged as a software giant at the international level and it is earning large foreign exchange through the export of information technology.

Q4: Assertion : Transport and communications are called lifelines of our economy.
Reason : Transport and communications do not help in easy movement of goods and materials between countries.
(a) If Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If Assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If Both assertion and reason are false.
Ans: (c) Assertion is true but reason is false.

Transport and communications are called lifelines of our economy as they reduces distances, brings people close to another by promoting interdependence among themselves and mainly helps in trade and commerce within the country. Thus the reason is false. 

Q5: Assertion : Mass communication promotes national integration and provides entertainment.
Reason : It strengthens democracy in the country by providing news to the masses. They feel attached to the country and a feeling of Nationalism arises in them.
(a) If Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If Assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If Both assertion and reason are false.
Ans: (a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
Mass communication provides entertainment and helps in creating awareness among people. The reason justifies the assertion.

Q6: Assertion : Trade is considered as the economic barometer of the country.
Reason : Trading helps largely in developing countries like India. Advancement of trade is an index to its economic prosperity.
(a) If Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If Assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If Both assertion and reason are false.
Ans: (a) The reason explains the assertion.

Q7: Assertion : Road transportation in India faces a number of problems.
Reason : Roads are unmetalled, their network is adequate.
(a) If Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If Assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If Both assertion and reason are false.
Ans: (a) Density of all roads varies, keeping in view the volume of traffic and passengers, the road network is inadequate, they are unmetalled and unfit for use, posing a lot of problems for transportation.

Q8: Assertion : International trade has undergone a sea of changes in the last decades.
Reason : Exchange of commodities and goods have been superseded by the exchange of information and knowledge
(a) If Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If Assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If Both assertion and reason are false.
Ans: (a) India has emerged as a software giant at the international level and it is earning large foreign exchange through the export of information technology.

Q9: Assertion : Communication is unessential requirement of human life.
Reason : Communication between people does not create awareness.
(a) If Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If Assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If Both assertion and reason are false.
Ans: (d) The increase in population and the change in the modes of communication are the result of increased human movement and transport of materials and goods. These provide healthy entertainment. They are thus essential in life, thus both Assertion and reason are false.

Q10: Assertion : Cost of laying pipelines is less but subsequent running costs are maximum
Reason : Pipelines do not facilitate easy transportation of goods.
(a) If Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If Assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If Both assertion and reason are false.
Ans: (d) Initial cost of laying pipelines is high but subsequent running costs are minimal. It rules out transshipment losses and delays.
Very Short Questions
Q1: Which is the deepest landlocked and well protected port?
Ans:  Visakhapatnam is the deepest landlocked and well protected port. 

Q2: Why was Haldia port developed?
Ans:  Haldia port was developed as a subsidiary port, in order to relieve growing pressure on the Kolkata port.

Q3: What is the major objective of the super Highways?
Ans:  The major objective of the Super Highways is to reduce the time and distance between the mega cities of India.

Q4: Why was Border Roads Organisation established in 1960?
Ans:  It was established for the development of the roads of strategic importance in the northern and north-eastern border areas.

Q5: Why are metalled roads called all weather roads.
Ans:  Metalled roads are made of cement, concrete or even belumen of coal. They do not go out of use in the rainy season. Therefore, they are called all weather roads.

Q6: Which port was the first port developed soon after the independence of India?
Ans:  Kandla in Kuchchh was the first port developed soon after the independence of India.

Q7: Where is New Mangalore port located?
Ans:  This port is located is Karnataka.

Q8: What is the major objective to develop Super Highways?
Ans: The major objective of developing Super Highways is to reduce the time and distance between the mega -cities of India.

 Q9: What is a new arrival on the transportation map of India? 
Ans: Pipeline transport network used for transportation of liquids as well as solids in slurry form.

 Q10: Which means of transport is a new arrival on the map of India? 
Ans:  Pipeline is the latest means of transport on the map of India.

Short Questions

Q1: What is pipeline transportation? Write two merits and demerits of the same.
Ans: Pipeline transport network is the new mode of transport these days. In the past, pipelines were used to transport water to cities and industries. Now, these are used for transporting crude oil, petroleum products and natural gas from oil and natural gas fields to refineries, fertilizer factories and big thermal power plants. Solids can also be transported through a pipeline when converted into slurry.
Merits:
a. Useful in transporting liquids and solid slurry from far away locations.
b. Subsequent running costs after laying down the network are minimal.
c. It rules out transshipment losses or delays.
Demerits:
a. Initial cost of laying pipelines is high.
b. Pipelines can burst or can have leakage leading to wastage of valuable resource like water, mineral oil, etc.

Q2: ‘‘The pace of change in the communication sector has been rapid in modern times.’’ Support the statement with examples.
Ans: The pace of change in the communication sector has been rapid in modern times because of following reasons:
(i) As the pace of change has been rapid in modern times, long distance communication has become far easier without physical movement of the communicator or receiver. Personal communication has immensely improved. The Indian Postal Network, handles parcels as well as personal written communications. Cards, mails, book packets, registered newspapers and periodicals are all carried through various means of transport. Mail Channels such as Rajdhani Channel, Metro Channel etc. have introduced to facilitate quick delivery of mails in large towns and cities.
(ii) The Subscriber Trunk Dialing (STD) telephone facility has marked as evolution in strengthening telecom networks in India by integrating the development in space technology with communication technology.
(iii) Mass Communication, a means of entertainment as well as a medium of creating awareness covers a wide range including radio, television, newspapers, magazines, books, and films.
Example: All India Radio (Akashvani), Doordarshan.

Q3: Why waterways are important ?
Ans: India has been one of the sea facing countries. Its importance can be judged based on the following reasons :
(i) Waterways are the cheapest means of transport.
(ii) They are most suitable for carrying heavy and bulky goods.
(iii) It is a fuel efficient and environment friendly mode of transport.
(iv) India’s trade with foreign countries is carried out through the ports located along the coast.
(v) 95% of the country’s trade is moved by sea.

Q4: What is the significance of the title ‘Lifelines of National economy’ ?
OR
Why are the means of transportation and communication known as the lifeline of a nation and its economy ?
Ans: The pace of development of any country depends upon the production of goods and services as well as their movement over space. Movement of these goods and service can be over three domains of earth i.e., land, water and air. Therefore, efficient means of transport are pre-requisites for fast development. They connect one part of the country to the other part and help the industries to get the raw materials as well as the finished products. It also develops a nexus among different cultures and religions. Agriculture also depends on transportation. Thus, they are known as the lifeline of an economy.

Q5: “The distribution pattern of the railway network in India has been mainly influenced by physiographic and economic factors,” Support the statement with suitable examples.
OR
Explain with example the condition responsible for in even distribution pattern of the following network in India.
Ans: The distribution pattern of the railway network in the country is largely influenced by physiographic, economic and administrative factors :
(i) The northern plains, with their vast stretch of level land, high density of population and rich agricultural resources, provide favourable conditions for the development of railway network. Construction of bridges over wide river beds sometimes is a hurdle.
(ii) In the hilly terrains of the peninsular region, railway tracks are laid through low hills, gaps or tunnels. However, the entire peninsular region, and Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh are mineral belts of India. This encourages the development of railway tracks for transport of minerals to the industries and also commutation of labourers.
(iii) The laying of railway tracks over the Himalayan belt is difficult because of the high relief, sparse population and lack of economic opportunities.
(iv) In sandy plains of Rajasthan, swamps of Gujarat and forested tracks of Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha and Jharkhand also it is difficult to lay down railway tracks.
(v) The railway tracks can pass only through gaps or passes in the Sahyadri.
(vi) The Konkan railway facilitates transport of passengers and goods in the most important economic region of India.

Q6: What problems are faced by the railways ?
Ans: Today, the railways have become more important in our national economy than all other means of transport put together. However, railway transport suffers from certain problems as well.
(i) Many passengers travel without tickets.
(ii) Thefts and damaging of railway property has not yet stopped completely.
(iii) People stop the trains by pulling chains unnecessarily and this causes heavy damage to railways.

Q7: Why are transport, trade and communication complementary to each other ?
Ans: (i) For a long time, trade and transport were restricted to a limited space.
(ii) With the development of science and technology, the area of influence of trade and transport expanded far and wide.
(iii) Today, the world has been converted into a large village with the help of efficient and fast moving transport.
(iv) With the help of an advanced communication system, transport has become even faster in the recent time.

Q8: Mention the three important networks of pipeline transportation in the country.
Ans: There are three important networks of pipeline transportation in the country.
(i) From oil field in upper Assam to Kanpur, via Guwahati, Barauni and Allahabad. It has branches from Barauni to Haldia, via Rajbandh, Rajbandh to Maurigram and Guwahati to Siliguri.
(ii) From Salaya in Gujarat to Jalandhar in Punjab, via Viramgam, Mathura, Delhi and Sonipat. It has branches to connect Koyali, Ckakshu and other places.
(iii) Gas pipeline from Hazira in Gujarat connects Jagdishpur in Uttar Pradesh, via Vijaipur in Madhya Pradesh. It has branches to Kota in Rajasthan, Shahjahanpur, Babrala and other places in Uttar Pradesh.

Q9: What is communication ? What are the two major means of communication ?
Ans: Communication is a process of exchanging information, ideas, thoughts, feelings and emotions through speech, signals, writing, or behaviour.
The two major means of communication are :
(i) Personal communication including letter, e-mail, telephone, etc.
(ii) Mass communication including television, radio, press, films, etc.

Q10: ‘‘Roadways have an edge over Railways.’’ Support the statement with examples.
Ans: Roadways have an edge over Railways because of following reason:
(i) Road transport operating cost is cheaper than rail transport.
(ii) Road transport is easy to access in hilly areas whereas in rail transport it’s difficult to reach such places.
(iii) Door to door transportation can only be provided by roadways.
(iv) Construction and maintenance cost is less in road transport whereas it’s more in rail transport.
(v) Road transport is better than rail transport to transport goods for short distance.

Long Questions Answers

Q1: Describe any five points of importance of mass communication. 
Ans: Mass communication refers to imparting and exchanging information on a large scale to a wide range of people. The significance of mass communication is shown in the following points:
i. Mass communication helps to spread the information up to the grassroots level.
Therefore, the government has made a special provision to extend 24 hours of STD facility to every village in the country.
ii. All India Radio (Akashvani) broadcasts a variety of programmes in national, regional and local languages for all people spread over different parts of the country.
iii. Doordarshan broadcasts a variety of programmes for entertainment, educational programmes to sports, etc., for people of different age groups.
iv. India publishes a large number of newspapers and periodicals in many vernacular languages that helps in nurturing the Indian culture.
v. India is the largest producer of feature films in the world. It produces short films and feature films almost in all regional languages.

Q2: Describe the significance of pipelines in India.
Ans: The significance of pipelines in India are stated as follows :
(i) They are used for transporting crude oil, petroleum products and natural gas from oil fields and natural gas fields to refineries, fertiliser factories and big thermal power plants.
(ii) Solids can also be transported through a pipeline when converted into slurry.
(iii) Because of pipelines, refineries at Barauni, Mathura, Panipat and gas based fertiliser plants, could be located in the interiors of India.
(iv) Initial cost of laying pipelines is high but subsequent running costs are minimal.
(v) Pipelines rules out transshipment (during transportation) losses or delays.

Q3: Mention any two inland waterways of India. Write three characteristic of each.
Ans: Two inland waterways of India are :
(i) The Brahmaputra river between Sadiya and Dhubri.
(ii) The West-Coast canal in Kerala.
Characteristics of Brahmaputra river between Sadiya and Dhubri are as follows :
(i) The waterway is 891 km long on river Brahmaputra.
(ii) Long cruise tourist vessels make voyages between Sivsagar and Dibrugarh continuously.
Thus, making it a commercially beneficial inland waterway.
(iii) Border security force deployed on this inland waterway is proving to be important base for defense of the country.
Characteristics of West-Coast canal in India are as follows :
(i) The waterway is 205 km long on the canals of Kerala.
(ii) The backwaters of Kerala prove to be cheap means of transport attracting tourists.

Q4: Define the term ‘tourism’ known as a trade ? Explain.
Ans: Tourism is defined as a visit to various places by people for cultural, recreational or commercial reasons. Tourism may be domestic or international.
Due to the following reasons tourism known as trade:
(i) Tourism plays an important role in the growth of national income. Only foreign tourists contribute 21828 crore rupees of foreign exchange.
(ii) Tourism in India has grown substantially over the last three decades. More than 15 million people are directly engaged in the tourism industry.
(iii) Tourism also promotes national integration, provides support to local handicrafts and cultural pursuits.
(iv) Tourism also helps in the development of international understanding about our culture and heritage. Foreign tourists visit India for heritage tourism, eco tourism

Q5: “Efficient means of transport and communication has converted the world into a large village”. Explain this statement with the help of examples.
Ans: Efficient means of transport and communication has coverted the world into a larger village which can be understood through following points.
(i) Through transport and communication, we are well-linked with the rest of the world.
(ii) India is united despite its vast size, diversity and linguistic, and socio-cultural plurality.
(iii) Railways, airways, waterways, newspapers, radio, television, cinema and internet, etc., lead to India’s socio-economic progress in many ways.
(iv) The trades from local to international levels have added to the strength of our economy.
(v) It has enriched our life and molded the socioeconomic life of the nation.

Q6: “Roadways have an edge over the railways in India.” Support the statement with example.
Ans: The roadways have an edge over the railways in India because of the ease with which they can be built and maintained.
(i) Roads can traverse comparatively more dissected and undulating topography. Roads can negotiate higher gradients of slopes and can traverse mountains such as the Himalayas. Construction of railway lines in the Himalayan mountainous regions is unfavourable because of high relief, sparse population and lack of economic opportunities. Construction of railway bridges across wide river beds sometimes cause problems, such as sinking of track, landlslides, etc.
(ii) Roadways provide door-to-door service, thus the cost of loading and unloading is much lower. This facility is not possible in railways.
(iii) Construction cost of roadways is much lower than that of railway lines. Construction of railway lines over mountain belts, rivers, plateaus is difficult and becomes costly.
(iv) Road transport is economical in transportation of few persons and relatively smaller amount of goods over short distances. Railways are suitable for mass transportation of goods and people. It is not economically viable for short distance travel.
(v) Road transport is also used as a feeder to other modes of transport, like it may provide a link between railway stations, air and sea ports. Railways always may not provide such a link.

Q7: Give a detailed study of Mass Communication.
Ans: Mass communication provides entertainment and creates awareness among people about various national programmes and policies. It is the means through which one can communicate with several people at the same time.
(i) It includes radio, television, newspapers, magazines, books and films.
(ii) All India Radio (Akash Vani or Voice from the Sky) broadcasts a variety of programmes in national,regional and local languages for various categories of people spread over different parts of the country.
(iii) Doordarshan, the national television channel of India, is one of the largest terrestrial networks in the world.
(iv) Doordarshan broadcasts a variety of programmes from entertainment, educational to sports, etc., for people of different age groups.

Q8: Why is air travel more popular in the North-Eastern states of India ? Explain.
Ans: Air travel is more popular in the North-Eastern states of India due to following reasons:
(i) It can cover very difficult terrains like high mountains, lifeless deserts, dense forests and also long oceanic stretches with great ease.
(ii) North-eastern part of the country is marked with the presence of big rivers, dissected relief, dense forests and frequent floods, etc. In the absence of air transport, living in this part of India is difficult.
(iii) There are international frontiers in this part of India which requires regular surveillance. So, a developed air transport is essential.
(iv) Air travel is not within the reach of the common people. It is only in the north-eastern states that special provisions are made to extend the services to the common people.

Q9: On what basis roads are classified in India ?
Ans: In India, roads are classified into the following six classes according to their capacity.
(i) Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways : The government has launched a major road development project linking Delhi-Kolkata- Chennai-Mumbai and Delhi by six lane Super Highways.
(ii) National Highways : National Highways link extreme parts of the country. These are the primary road systems and are laid and maintained by the Central Public Works Department (CPWD). The historical Sher Shah Suri Marg is called National Highway No.1, between Delhi and Amritsar.
(iii) State Highways : Roads linking a state capital with different district headquarters are known as State Highways. These roads are constructed and maintained by the State Public Works Department (PWD) in state and Union territories.
(iv) District Roads : District Roads connect the district headquarters with other places of the district. These roads are maintained by the Zila Parishad.
(v) Other Roads : Rural roads, which link rural areas and villages with towns, are classified under this category.
(vi) Border Roads : Border Roads Organization, a Government of India undertaking constructs and maintains border roads.

Q10: Highlight any five features of Hazira- Vijaipur- Jagdishpur gas pipeline. 
Ans: a. This pipeline is about 1700 km. long.
b. Hazira-Vijaipur-Jagdishpur cross country gas pipeline links Mumbai High and Bassien with the fertilizer, power and industrial complexes in western and northern India.
c. This artery has provided an impetus to India’s gas production.
d. The power and fertilizer industries are the key users of natural gas.
e. Use of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) for vehicles to replace liquid fuels is gaining wide popularity in the country.