Water Resources Class 10 Worksheet Geography Chapter 1

Multiple Choice Questions

Q1: Rana pratapsagar dam located in?
(A) Odisha
(B) Uttrakhund
(C) Rajasthan
(D) Andrapradesh
Ans: C

Q2: Bamboo drip irrigation system is prevalent in.
(A) Manipur
(B) Meghalaya
(C) Mizoram
(D) Chhattisgarh
Ans: B

Q3: The Hirakud project was built in _______ basin.
(A) Indus
(B) Mahanadi
(C) Ganga
(D) Ravi
Ans: B

Q4: The Narmada Bachao Aandolan was associated with which state?
(A) Gujarat
(B) Himachal Pradesh
(C) Uttrakhand
(D) Karnataka
Ans: A

Q5: The remote village that has earned the rare distinction of being rich in rain wateris.
(A) Gari
(B) Kaza
(C) Gendathur
(D) None of these
Ans: C

Q6: Name the village where almost all the house traditionally had tankas.
(A)Rajasthan
(B) Odisha
(C) Tamil Nadu
(D) Maharastra
Ans: A

Q7: Which of the following river is not having any multipurpose river project?
(A) Sutlej
(B) Mahanadi
(C) Yamuna
(D) Narmada
Ans: C

Q8: During whose reign were the dams, lakes and irrigation system built extensively?
(A) Ashoka
(B) Akbar
(C) Chandragupta Maurya
(D) None of these
Ans: C

Q9: What where “guls”
(A) Reservoir
(B) Artificial lake
(C) Diversion channel
(D) None of these
Ans: C

Q10: Tehri dam Andolan is mainly concerned with the state of?
(A) Uttarakhand
(B) Chhattisgarh
(C) Jharkhand
(D) None of these
Ans: A

Very Short Answer Type Questions
Q1: Name any one river valley project which has significantly contributed to the loss of forests.
Ans:  Sardar Sarovar Dam.

Q2: How much percent of the total volume of world’s water is estimated to exist as fresh water?
Ans: 25 percent.

Q3: What are the causes of water scarcity?
Ans:  Rapid growth of population, uneven distribution of water resources and increase in demand of water.

Q4: On which river has the Hirakud Dam been constructed?
Ans:  River Mahanadi.

Q5: Who proclaimed dams as the temples of modem India?
Ans: Jawaharlal Nehru.

Q6: Name two social movements which were against the multipurpose projects.
Ans: Narmada Bachao Andolan and Tehri Dam Andolan.

Q7: On which river the Salal Dam is built?
Ans:  Chenab.

Q8: Which water is recharged by roof-top rainwater harvesting technique?
Ans: Ground water.

Q9: Which water is recharged by roof-top rainwater harvesting technique?
Ans: Ground water.

Q10: In which region, people built ‘Guls’ or ‘Kuls’ for irrigation?
Ans: Western Himalayas.

Short Answer Type Questions

Q1: Mention any four main objectives of multi -purpose river valley projects. Name any two Multipurpose Projects of India.
OR
What is a multipurpose river valley project? Mention any four objectives of it.
Ans: A project where many uses of the impounded water are integrated with one another is known as multipurpose project. It is built for irrigation, power generation, water supply, flood control, recreation, etc.

Q2: Explain the working of underground tanks as a part of roof top rainwater harvesting system practised in Rajasthan.
OR
How were the underground tanks beneficial to the people of Rajasthan? Explain.
OR
Discuss how rainwater harvesting in semiarid regions of Rajasthan is carried out.
Ans:  a. In semi-arid and arid regions of Rajasthan almost all the houses traditionally had underground tanks for storing drinking water.
b. They are extremely reliable source of drinking water when other sources are dried up. This is considered the purest form of natural water.
c. The tanks can be as large as big rooms.
d. The tanks were part of the well- developed rooftop rainwater harvesting system.
e. The tanks were built inside the main house or the courtyard giving cooling effect to the rooms in the summer.
f. Those tanks were connected to the sloping roofs of the houses through a pipe.
g. Rain falling on these rooftops would travel down the pipe and stored in these underground tanks.
h. Usually first: rain water is not collected to clean the rooftop and the pipe. 

Q3: How have intensive industrialization and urbanization posed a great pressure on existing freshwater resources in India. Explain.
OR
How does urbanization and urban lifestyle lead to over exploitation of water resources? Explain.
OR
How have intensive industrialization and urbanization posed a great pressure on existing freshwater resources in India? Explain.
Ans: Post independent India witnessed intensive industrialisation and urbanisation.
a. Arrival of MNC’s: Apart from fresh water they require electricity which comes from hydroelectric power.
b. Multiplying urban centers with large and dense populations and urban life styles have not only added to water and energy requirements, but have further aggravated the problem.
c. Large-scale migration from rural to urban areas is causing over exploitation of water resources.

Q4:  List any three advantages and three disadvantages of multipurpose river project.
OR
What are the advantages and disadvantages of multipurpose river project.
Ans:  Advantages:
a. These are the main source of power generation.
b. They provide us neat, pollution free and cheapest energy which is the backbone of industry and agriculture.
c. These projects control the floods because water can be stored in them. These projects have converted many, ‘rivers of sorrows’ into ‘rivers of boon’.
d. These projects are the main source of irrigation and also help in conserving soil.
Disadvantages:
a. Due to the construction of dams, there are no adequate floods in the river. Because of this, the soil of the downstream region does not get nutrient rich silt.
b. Dams also fragment rivers making it difficult for aquatic fauna to migrate for spawning, i.e., to produce eggs.
c. It resulted in displacement of local communities.
The local people often have to give up their land and livelihood and their meagre access and control over resources for the greater need of the nation.

Q5: Describe any three traditional methods of rainwater harvesting adopted in different parts of India.
or
Describe any three different rainwater harvesting systems practised in India.
or
“Rainwater harvesting system is viable alternative both socially, economically and environmentally”. Support the statement with three examples.
Ans: a. In hilly and mountainous regions, people build diversion channels like ‘gul’ or ‘kul’ in Western Himalaya for agriculture.
b. Roof-top rainwater harvesting was commonly practised to store drinking water particularly in Rajasthan.
c. In West Bengal, people develop inundation channels to irrigate their fields.
d. In semi-arid regions agricultural fields are converted into rainfed storage structures that allowed the water to stand and moist the soil

Q6: Why is groundwater a highly overused resource?
Ans: Groundwater is a highly overused resource because of the following reasons:
a. Due to large and growing population and consequent greater demands for water and unequal access to it.
b. To facilitate higher food grain production for large population, water resources are being over exploited to expand irrigated areas and dry season agriculture.
c. In the housing societies or colonies in the cities, there is an arrangement of own ground water pumping devices to meet water needs.

Q7: Explain the working of underground tanks as a part of roof top rainwater harvesting system practised in Rajasthan.
or
How were the underground tanks beneficial to the people of Rajasthan? Explain.
or
Discuss how rainwater harvesting in semiarid regions of Rajasthan is carried out.
Ans: a. In semi-arid and arid regions of Rajasthan almost all the houses traditionally had underground tanks for storing drinking water.
b. They are extremely reliable source of drinking water when other sources are dried up. This is considered the purest form of natural water.
c. The tanks can be as large as big rooms.
d. The tanks were part of the well- developed rooftop rainwater harvesting system.
e. The tanks were built inside the main house or the courtyard giving cooling effect to the rooms in the summer.
f. Those tanks were connected to the sloping roofs of the houses through a pipe.
g. Rain falling on these rooftops would travel down the pipe and stored in these underground tanks.
h. Usually first: rain water is not collected to clean the rooftop and the pipe.

Q8: Mention any four main objectives of multi -purpose river valley projects. Name any two Multipurpose Projects of India.
or
What is a multipurpose river valley project? Mention any four objectives of it.
Ans: A project where many uses of the impounded water are integrated with one another is known as multipurpose project. It is built for irrigation, power generation, water supply, flood control, recreation, etc.

Q9: What is Bamboo Drip Irrigation? Mention any two features of it.
Ans: Bamboo Drip Irrigation system is a 200-year-old system of tapping stream and spring water by using bamboo pipe and transporting water from higher to lower regions through gravity.
Features:
a. 18-20 liters of water enters the bamboo pipe system, get transported over hundreds of meters and finally reduces to 20-80 drops per minute at the site of the plant.
b. The flow of water into the pipes is controlled by manipulating the pipe positions.

Q10: How have intensive industrialization and urbanization posed a great pressure on existing freshwater resources in India. Explain.
or
How does urbanization and urban lifestyle lead to over exploitation of water resources? Explain.
or
How have intensive industrialization and urbanization posed a great pressure on existing freshwater resources in India? Explain.
Ans: Post independent India witnessed intensive industrialisation and urbanisation.
a. Arrival of MNC’s: Apart from fresh water they require electricity which comes from hydroelectric power.
b. Multiplying urban centers with large and dense populations and urban life styles have not only added to water and energy requirements, but have further aggravated the problem.
c. Large-scale migration from rural to urban areas is causing over exploitation of water resources.

Long Answer Type Questions
Q1: Why is roof-top water harvesting important in Rajasthan? Explain.
Ans:  Roof top water harvesting is important in Rajasthan because:
a. It was commonly practised to store drinking water.
b. The rainwater can be stored in the tanks till the next rainfall, making it an extremely reliable source of drinking water when all other sources are dried up, particularly in the summers.
c. Rain water, or palar pani, as commonly referred to in these parts, is considered the purest form of natural water.
d. Many houses construct underground rooms adjoining the ‘tanka’ to beat the summer heat as it would keep the room cool.
e. Some houses still maintain the tanks since they do not like the taste of tap water.

Q2: Describe any four traditional methods of rainwater harvesting adopted in different parts of India.
Ans:  Methods of rainwater harvesting used in India are:
a. Guls and Kuls: People built guls and kuls in hilly and mountainous regions to divert water. These are simple channels. They are mainly used in the Western Himalayas.
b. Roof top rainwater harvesting: Commonly practised to store drinking water in Rajasthan.
c. Inundation Channels: These channels developed in the flood plains of Bengal to irrigate fields.
d. Khadins and Johads: In arid and semi-arid regions, some agricultural fields were converted into rain fed storage structures. These structures are found in Rajasthan.
e. Tankas: The tankas were built inside the main house or the courtyard. They were connected to the sloping roofs of the houses through a pipe.
Rain falling on the rooftops would travel down the pipe and was stored in these underground ‘tankas’. The first spell of rain was usually not collected as this would clean the roofs and the pipes. The rainwater from the subsequent showers was then collected. The rainwater can be stored in the tankas. 

Q3: Describe any four traditional methods of rainwater harvesting adopted in different parts of India.
Ans: Methods of rainwater harvesting used in India are:
a. Guls and Kuls: People built guls and kuls in hilly and mountainous regions to divert water. These are simple channels. They are mainly used in the Western Himalayas.
b. Roof top rainwater harvesting: Commonly practised to store drinking water in Rajasthan.
c. Inundation Channels: These channels developed in the flood plains of Bengal to irrigate fields.
d. Khadins and Johads: In arid and semi-arid regions, some agricultural fields were converted into rain fed storage structures. These structures are found in Rajasthan.
e. Tankas: The tankas were built inside the main house or the courtyard. They were connected to the sloping roofs of the houses through a pipe. Rain falling on the rooftops would travel down the pipe and was stored in these underground ‘tankas’. The first spell of rain was usually not collected as this would clean the roofs and the pipes. The rainwater from the subsequent showers was then collected. The rainwater can be stored in the tankas.

Q4: Why is roof-top water harvesting important in Rajasthan? Explain.
Ans: Roof top water harvesting is important in Rajasthan because:
a. It was commonly practised to store drinking water.
b. The rainwater can be stored in the tanks till the next rainfall, making it an extremely reliable source of drinking water when all other sources are dried up, particularly in the summers.
c. Rain water, or palar pani, as commonly referred to in these parts, is considered the purest form of natural water.
d. Many houses construct underground rooms adjoining the ‘tanka’ to beat the summer heat as it would keep the room cool.
e. Some houses still maintain the tanks since they do not like the taste of tap water.

Q5: India is heading towards water scarcity trace to possible solution to tackle this problem.
Ans: The major concern now in the country is water scarcity which can be tackled with the help of following methods
1. Interlinking of river.
2. Rainfall in India is the second highest after Brazil but the distribution is highly uneven certain channeling by Oil Company can solve the problem of distribution of water.
3. Over use and wastage of water in day to day life activities need to be controlled.
4. Thermal pollution need to be inhibited.
5. Bottled water or water packaging industries need to be dominated by strong hands and law regarding extraction of groundwater should be there.
6. Over irrigation and agriculture industry need to considered a decreasing trend of groundwater.
7. Proper disposal of waste otherwise leaches may pollute groundwater.
8. Rainwater harvesting in bamboo drip irrigation system can be helped a lot.

Q6: In what ways the Intensive industrialization and urbanization responsible for water scarcity?
Ans: (i) The ever increasing number of industry has made matters words by exerting pressure on existing freshwater resources.
Industries apart from being heavy user of water, also require power to run them much of them play this energy come from hydro electric power
(ii) Multiplying urban center with large and dense population and urban lifestyle have not only added to water and energy requirement but have further aggravated the problem.
(iii) In housing societies or colonies we would find that most of these have their own groundwater pumping device to meet their water needs with the result, fragile water resources are been overexploited and have caused their depletion in several cities.

Q7: What do you know about bamboo drip irrigation system?
Ans: In Meghalaya, 200 year old system of tapping stream and spring water by using bamboo pipes is prevalent.
(i)Bamboo pipes are used to divert perennial spring on the hilltop to the lower reaches bt the gravity.
(ii)The channel section made of bamboo; divert water to the plant site, where it is distributed into branches.
(iii) If the pipes pass roads, they are taken high above the land on the tree branches.
(iv) Reduced channel sections and diversion unit are used at the last stage of water application.
(v) The last channel section enables water to be dropped near the root of the plant.