Yojana Magazine August 2022 - 4 (Hindi) | Monthly Yojana & Kurukshetra Magazine in Hindi - UPSC PDF Download

 Page 1


;kstuk] vxLr 2022 43
fgR; lekt dk niZ.k gSA ,sls esa ml dky•aM esa ns'k 
osQ gj {ks=k osQ jpukdkjksa us u osQoy lkfgR; dks gh 
lhapk cfYd Lora=krk vkanksyu esa viuk ;ksxnku nsrs 
gq, tsy ;k=kk,¡ Hkh lghaA f=kfoØe HkV~V osQ vuqlkj&
¶fde~ dosLrsu dkO;su foaQ dk.Msu èkuq"er%A**
vFkkZr~ dfo osQ ml dkO; ls D;k ykHk tks Hkyk ikBd osQ 
ân; dks >d>ksj u ns\
viuh ekr`Hkwfe dh j{kk osQ fy, g¡lrs&g¡lrs vius çk.k 
U;ksNkoj djus okys vej 'kghnksa dh 'kgknr dks vkt iwjk ns'k 
vkt+knh osQ 75 osa o"kZ ^ve`r egksRlo* osQ :i esa euk jgk gSA 
Hkkjr dh ;g ikouh èkjk cfynku Hkwfe osQ :i esa Hkh tkuh 
tkrh gSA ;g ogh Hkwfe gS ftlosQ ;qxksa dh tks'k Hkjh gqadkj ls 
'k=kqvksa dk niZ HkLelkr~ gks tkrk gSA ftl Hkwfe osQ çR;sd o.kZ 
dk yky x+qykeh dk uk'k djus osQ fy, ;q¼ dh ngdrh vkx 
esa owQn iM+rk gSA gekjs ns'k osQ Lokra=; psrkvksa] lkfgR;dkjksa vkSj 
lekt lqèkkjdksa osQ ;ksxnku dks fpjLej.kh; cukus gsrq vkt+knh osQ 
ve`r egksRlo osQ :i esa iwjk ns'k mUgsa viuh v?;Z :i esa viuh 
HkkoHkhuh J¼katfy ns jgk gSA ;gk¡ ½Xosn dh ;g iafDr fo'ks"kr% 
æ‘O; gS &
¶vXus ozrirs&ozra pfj";kfe----A** thou pkgrs gks rks vkx osQ 
'kksys cu tkvksA 
Hkkjro"kZ dh ,drk] v•aMrk vkSj ns'k çse dk ljljkx ml 
dky•aM osQ laLÑr lkfgR;dkjksa us viuh jpukvksa esa xwaFkdj 
lk
ys•d jktLFkku xzkeksRFkku ,oa laLÑr vuqlaèkku laLFkku t;iqj osQ funs'kd gSaA bZesy% slshastri07@gmail.com
laLÑr lsfo;ksa dk Lora=krk vkanksyu esa ;ksxnku
MkW 'kadjyky 'kkL=kh
tu&tu dks txkus dk mRÑ"V dk;Z fd;kA egkdfo xsVs o bZ'oj 
pUæ fo|klkxj tSls çFke Lora=krk laxzke ls tqM+s cgqr ls uke 
fxuk, tk ldrs gSaA egf"kZ vjfoan dk oSfnd èkeZ osQ yksi ,oa 
v¡xzst+ksa }kjk fd, x, vekuoh; O;ogkj ls mudk ân; fcy• 
iM+rk gS&
¶nqnZ'kk nqnZ'kka lqn'kk¿¿;krq HkkjraA**
os vkt+kn Hkkjr dh uhao gsrq ladYi ysrs gSaA ;g rF; egkdfo 
esèkkozrkpk;Z fojfpr n;kuan fnfXot; egkdkO; (ftldk iwokZ¼Z 
cM+kSnk ls 1938 bZ- esa çdkf'kr gqvk ogha mÙkjk¼Z dk çdk'ku 1947 
bZLoh esa gqvk) esa fudy dj lkeus vkrk gSA esèkkozr th osQ fopkjksa 
ls çsfjr gks ;Fkk'kfDr vketu us viuk ;ksxnku fn;kA ml nkSjku 
gekjs ns'k esa ik'pkR;ksa vkSj v¡xzst+ksa dh neudkjh uhfr dk loZ=k 
cksyckyk FkkA ,sls esa ns'k dk vke ukxfjd Hkkjr dh vkt+knh osQ 
fy, vius çk.kksa dh cfy nsdj Hkh jk‘ª dks vkt+kn djokuk pkgrk 
FkkA pkgs paikj.k dk çlax gks ;k tfy;k¡okyk ckx vketu dks 
v¡xzstksa us tqYeksa&flre ls turk ihfM+r FkhA 
oSfnd dky ls gh ekr`Hkwfe osQ çfr çse] jk‘ªh; j{kk vkSj 
ns'k osQ çfr leiZ.k dh Hkkouk dk mn~?kks"k ¶ekrk Hkwfe% iq=kks¿ga 
i`fFkO;k%** esa ns•us dks feyrk gSA èkjrh gekjh ek¡ gS vkSj ge lc 
ek¡ ds ykM+yh larkusaA ,sls esa gekjk uSfrd èkeZ viuh ekr`Hkwfe dh 
j{kk osQ fy, viuk loZLo lefiZr dj nsus dk gh rks gSA èkjrh 
ek¡ dk vÂ&ty •k&ihdj bldh 'kq¼ ok;q osQ >ksadksa vkSj blosQ 
o`{kksa dh ?kuh Nkao esa cSBdj ge cM+s gq, gSaA i`Foh dh efgek dk 
viuh ekr`Hkwfe dh j{kk osQ fy, g¡lrs&g¡lrs vius çk.k U;kSNkoj djus okys vej 'kghnksa dh 'kgknr 
dks vkt iwjk ns'k vkt+knh osQ 75 osa o"kZ ^ve`r egksRlo* osQ :i esa euk jgk gSA Hkkjr dh ;g ikouh 
èkjk cfynku Hkwfe osQ :i esa Hkh tkuh tkrh gSA ;g ogh Hkwfe gS ftlosQ ;qxksa dh tks'k Hkjh gqadkj 
ls 'k=kqvksa dk niZ HkLelkr~ gks tkrk gSA ftl Hkwfe osQ çR;sd o.kZ dk yky x+qykeh dk uk'k djus osQ 
fy, ;q¼ dh ngdrh vkx esa owQn iM+rk gSA gekjs ns'k osQ Lokra=; psrkvksa] lkfgR;dkjksa vkSj lekt 
lqèkkjdksa osQ ;ksxnku dks fpjLej.kh; cukus gsrq vkt+knh osQ ve`r egksRlo osQ :i esa iwjk ns'k mUgsa 
viuh v?;Z :i esa viuh HkkoHkhuh J¼katfy ns jgk gSA Hkkjro"kZ dh ,drk] v•aMrk vkSj ns'k çse 
dk ljljkx ml dky•aM osQ laLÑr lkfgR;dkjksa us viuh jpukvksa esa xwaFkdj tu&tu dks txkus dk 
mRÑ"V dk;Z fd;kA
^^Lokra=; ijea lq[ke~**
Page 2


;kstuk] vxLr 2022 43
fgR; lekt dk niZ.k gSA ,sls esa ml dky•aM esa ns'k 
osQ gj {ks=k osQ jpukdkjksa us u osQoy lkfgR; dks gh 
lhapk cfYd Lora=krk vkanksyu esa viuk ;ksxnku nsrs 
gq, tsy ;k=kk,¡ Hkh lghaA f=kfoØe HkV~V osQ vuqlkj&
¶fde~ dosLrsu dkO;su foaQ dk.Msu èkuq"er%A**
vFkkZr~ dfo osQ ml dkO; ls D;k ykHk tks Hkyk ikBd osQ 
ân; dks >d>ksj u ns\
viuh ekr`Hkwfe dh j{kk osQ fy, g¡lrs&g¡lrs vius çk.k 
U;ksNkoj djus okys vej 'kghnksa dh 'kgknr dks vkt iwjk ns'k 
vkt+knh osQ 75 osa o"kZ ^ve`r egksRlo* osQ :i esa euk jgk gSA 
Hkkjr dh ;g ikouh èkjk cfynku Hkwfe osQ :i esa Hkh tkuh 
tkrh gSA ;g ogh Hkwfe gS ftlosQ ;qxksa dh tks'k Hkjh gqadkj ls 
'k=kqvksa dk niZ HkLelkr~ gks tkrk gSA ftl Hkwfe osQ çR;sd o.kZ 
dk yky x+qykeh dk uk'k djus osQ fy, ;q¼ dh ngdrh vkx 
esa owQn iM+rk gSA gekjs ns'k osQ Lokra=; psrkvksa] lkfgR;dkjksa vkSj 
lekt lqèkkjdksa osQ ;ksxnku dks fpjLej.kh; cukus gsrq vkt+knh osQ 
ve`r egksRlo osQ :i esa iwjk ns'k mUgsa viuh v?;Z :i esa viuh 
HkkoHkhuh J¼katfy ns jgk gSA ;gk¡ ½Xosn dh ;g iafDr fo'ks"kr% 
æ‘O; gS &
¶vXus ozrirs&ozra pfj";kfe----A** thou pkgrs gks rks vkx osQ 
'kksys cu tkvksA 
Hkkjro"kZ dh ,drk] v•aMrk vkSj ns'k çse dk ljljkx ml 
dky•aM osQ laLÑr lkfgR;dkjksa us viuh jpukvksa esa xwaFkdj 
lk
ys•d jktLFkku xzkeksRFkku ,oa laLÑr vuqlaèkku laLFkku t;iqj osQ funs'kd gSaA bZesy% slshastri07@gmail.com
laLÑr lsfo;ksa dk Lora=krk vkanksyu esa ;ksxnku
MkW 'kadjyky 'kkL=kh
tu&tu dks txkus dk mRÑ"V dk;Z fd;kA egkdfo xsVs o bZ'oj 
pUæ fo|klkxj tSls çFke Lora=krk laxzke ls tqM+s cgqr ls uke 
fxuk, tk ldrs gSaA egf"kZ vjfoan dk oSfnd èkeZ osQ yksi ,oa 
v¡xzst+ksa }kjk fd, x, vekuoh; O;ogkj ls mudk ân; fcy• 
iM+rk gS&
¶nqnZ'kk nqnZ'kka lqn'kk¿¿;krq HkkjraA**
os vkt+kn Hkkjr dh uhao gsrq ladYi ysrs gSaA ;g rF; egkdfo 
esèkkozrkpk;Z fojfpr n;kuan fnfXot; egkdkO; (ftldk iwokZ¼Z 
cM+kSnk ls 1938 bZ- esa çdkf'kr gqvk ogha mÙkjk¼Z dk çdk'ku 1947 
bZLoh esa gqvk) esa fudy dj lkeus vkrk gSA esèkkozr th osQ fopkjksa 
ls çsfjr gks ;Fkk'kfDr vketu us viuk ;ksxnku fn;kA ml nkSjku 
gekjs ns'k esa ik'pkR;ksa vkSj v¡xzst+ksa dh neudkjh uhfr dk loZ=k 
cksyckyk FkkA ,sls esa ns'k dk vke ukxfjd Hkkjr dh vkt+knh osQ 
fy, vius çk.kksa dh cfy nsdj Hkh jk‘ª dks vkt+kn djokuk pkgrk 
FkkA pkgs paikj.k dk çlax gks ;k tfy;k¡okyk ckx vketu dks 
v¡xzstksa us tqYeksa&flre ls turk ihfM+r FkhA 
oSfnd dky ls gh ekr`Hkwfe osQ çfr çse] jk‘ªh; j{kk vkSj 
ns'k osQ çfr leiZ.k dh Hkkouk dk mn~?kks"k ¶ekrk Hkwfe% iq=kks¿ga 
i`fFkO;k%** esa ns•us dks feyrk gSA èkjrh gekjh ek¡ gS vkSj ge lc 
ek¡ ds ykM+yh larkusaA ,sls esa gekjk uSfrd èkeZ viuh ekr`Hkwfe dh 
j{kk osQ fy, viuk loZLo lefiZr dj nsus dk gh rks gSA èkjrh 
ek¡ dk vÂ&ty •k&ihdj bldh 'kq¼ ok;q osQ >ksadksa vkSj blosQ 
o`{kksa dh ?kuh Nkao esa cSBdj ge cM+s gq, gSaA i`Foh dh efgek dk 
viuh ekr`Hkwfe dh j{kk osQ fy, g¡lrs&g¡lrs vius çk.k U;kSNkoj djus okys vej 'kghnksa dh 'kgknr 
dks vkt iwjk ns'k vkt+knh osQ 75 osa o"kZ ^ve`r egksRlo* osQ :i esa euk jgk gSA Hkkjr dh ;g ikouh 
èkjk cfynku Hkwfe osQ :i esa Hkh tkuh tkrh gSA ;g ogh Hkwfe gS ftlosQ ;qxksa dh tks'k Hkjh gqadkj 
ls 'k=kqvksa dk niZ HkLelkr~ gks tkrk gSA ftl Hkwfe osQ çR;sd o.kZ dk yky x+qykeh dk uk'k djus osQ 
fy, ;q¼ dh ngdrh vkx esa owQn iM+rk gSA gekjs ns'k osQ Lokra=; psrkvksa] lkfgR;dkjksa vkSj lekt 
lqèkkjdksa osQ ;ksxnku dks fpjLej.kh; cukus gsrq vkt+knh osQ ve`r egksRlo osQ :i esa iwjk ns'k mUgsa 
viuh v?;Z :i esa viuh HkkoHkhuh J¼katfy ns jgk gSA Hkkjro"kZ dh ,drk] v•aMrk vkSj ns'k çse 
dk ljljkx ml dky•aM osQ laLÑr lkfgR;dkjksa us viuh jpukvksa esa xwaFkdj tu&tu dks txkus dk 
mRÑ"V dk;Z fd;kA
^^Lokra=; ijea lq[ke~**
44 ;kstuk] vxLr 2022
o.kZu ;=k r=k loZ=k fc•jk gSA vFkoZosn 
osQ i`Foh lwDr vkSj ½Xosn osQ ^vj.;kuh* 
lwDr (½Xosn-10-146) esa Hkh èkjrh ek¡ 
osQ oSHko dh •wclwjr >kadh ns•us dks 
feyrh gSA ns'k dh vkt+knh dh dM+h esa 
1982 bZLoh esa xk¡èkh 'kkafr çfr’ku }kjk 
çdkf'kr çeq• Lokra=; psrk oS".kokpk;Z 
Jh Hkxonkpk;Z fojfpr ^Hkkjr ikfjtkre~*] 
^ikfjtkrkigkj* ftlesa v¡xzst+ksa Hkkjr NksM+ks 
vkanksyu (1942) dk fo'ks"k o.kZu of.kZr 
gS rFkk blh çdkj ikfjtkr lkSjHka xzaFkksa esa 
xk¡èkh th osQ ;ksxnku dks mosQjk x;k gSA 
blh dM+h esa laLÑr dh ç[;kr dof;=kh 
iafMrk {kek jko egksn;k us lR;kxzg xhrk (çFke laLdj.k 1932 
esa isfjl ls çdkf'kr rFkk f}rh; laLdj.k 1956 bZLoh esa eqacbZ ls 
çdkf'kr) rFkk mÙkj lR;kxzg xhrk (1948 esa çdkf'kr) esa ns'k dh 
Lora=krk] ekr`Hkwfe dh j{kk ,oa laLÑr lekt esa Lora=krk dk lans'k 
fn;kA mudk ekuuk Fkk fd v¡xzst+ksa dh neudkjh uhfr ls vPNk gS 
fd ge ekr`Hkwfe osQ dke vk losQaA 
mUgksaus dgk gS fd x+qykeh ls Hkyk ns'k dh mÂfr oSQls laHko 
gS& ¶ikjra=;kfHkHkwrL; ns'kL;kH;qn;% oqQr%\**
,sls Lora=krk ls Hkjs fopkjksa us rRdkyhu lekt dks >d>ksjkA 
laLÑr osQ cgqr ls jpukdkjksa us paæ'ks•j vkt+kn osQ ;ksxnku dks 
js•kafdr djrs gq, lans'k fn;k fd paæ'ks•j dh Hkk¡fr vki Hkh 
vkt+kn cusaA ,sls gh ,d ifjp; esa vkt+kn dgrs gSa& ^^esjk uke 
vkt+kn gSA firk dk uke Lora=k vkSj fuokl dkjkx`g gSA** ,sls 
fuHkhZd vkSj LokfHkekuh opuksa us U;k;kèkh'k dks Hkh vk'p;Zpfdr 
dj fn;k FkkA ,d pfpZr Økafrdkjh osQ :i esa paæ'ks•j vkt+kn 
Lo;a okjk.klh fLFkr laU;klh laLÑr egkfo|ky; osQ Nk=k Fks rHkh 
ls os Lora=krk osQ bl egklej esa owQn iM+s FksA os ek=k 12 o"kZ dh 
NksVh vk;q esa gh laLÑr vè;;u gsrq vk, vkSj ns'k lsok esa vius 
vkidks lefiZr dj fn;kA oSfnd fo}ku~ lkroysdj th dks oSfnd 
vkSj jk‘ªh;rk ls vksrçksr çdkf'kr ys[k ds dkj.k Øksfèkr gq, v¡xzst+ksa 
us mUgsa lkr o"kZ osQ dBksj dkjkokl dh ltk lqukbZ Fkh rks Hkh fcuk 
fopfyr gq, os ns'k lsok esa yxs jgsA 
laLÑr jpukdkjksa ls çHkkfor gksdj rRdkyhu xq#oqQyh; 
ijEijk osQ rgr vè;;u djus okys laLÑr egkfo|ky;ksa osQ Nk=kksa 
us mYys•uh; ;ksxnku fn;kA gfj}kj xq#oqQy ls tqM+s lkroysdj 
th Lo;a Lora=krk dh Økafrdkjh xfrfofèk;ksa ls Nk=kksa osQ lkFk 
tqM+dj jkԻ lsok dj jgs FksA jkԻh; tkxj.k osQ vxznwr ,oa jkԻh; 
f'k{kk osQ vejiqjksèkk yksdekU; cky xaxkèkj fryd us osQljh i=k 
esa ^ns'kL; nqHkkZX;a vkSj bes mik;k% u LFkkf;u%* tSls çHkkoh ys•ksa 
osQ dkj.k mUgsa v¡xzst+ksa us Ng o"kZ osQ fy, czekZ ns'kh; ekaMys 
uked dkjkokl Hkst fn;k FkkA dkjkokl esa riLoh thou O;rhr 
djrs gq, mUgksaus fo'o foJqr ^xhrk jgL;* uked xhrk Hkk"; 
fy•kA ^LojkT; esjk tUefl¼ vfèkdkj gS vkSj eSa bls ysdj 
gh jgw¡xkA* ,slh n`<+rkiwoZd mfDr dh ohj èofu xk¡o&xk¡o vkSj 
uxj&uxj esa iSQy pqdh FkhA ,sls jk‘ª HkDrksa ij vkèkkfjr laLÑr 
okÄe; us muosQ ;ksxnku dks viuh ohj 
jl ls vksrçksr jpukvksa ls vtj vej 
cuk fn;kA mYys•uh; gS fd cky xaxkèkj 
fryd dh Lej.kkatfy osQ :i esa 1956 
bZ- esa fryd dh tUe 'krkCnh eukbZ xbZ 
Fkh] ftlesa fryd osQ thou ij vkèkkfjr 
cgqr ls laLÑr ys•dksa us muosQ Lokra=; 
;ksxnku dks js•kafdr fd;k FkkA 
iafMr vafcdknr O;kl fojfpr 
^f'kojkt fot;e~* uked miU;kl esa 
egkjkt f'kokth osQ ekè;e ls Lora=krk dk 
fcxqy ctk;k gSA v¡xzst+ksa dh eRL; uhfr 
,oa neu ls turk esa ?kqVu vkSj vkØks'k 
c<+ jgk FkkA vr% ijkèkhu Hkkjr dh dld iafMr O;kl th dh 
jpukvksa esa >ydrh gS&
¶gk Hkkjr! fde~ yq.BoSQjso eks{;lsA gk lukru èkeZ foaQ 
foy;eso ;kL;flA dk;± ok lkèk;s;a nsga ok ikr;s;a** (d:axk ;k 
e:axk) dh çfrKk djus okys egkjkt f'kokth us vius dks n`<+ 
çfrKk dk :i lkFkZd dj fn•k;kA 
bl dM+h esa gjnksbZ mÙkj çns'k osQ eFkqjk çlkn nhf{kr us 
Hkkjr fot;e~ ukVd osQ ekè;e ls Lokra=; dk 'ka•ukn iwQadkA 
Lora=krk ls tqM+s bl ukVd dks v¡xzst+ksa us t+Cr dj fy;k FkkA 
Lokra=;ohj fouk;d nkeksnj lkojdj dh jpuk ^dkyk ik.kh* 
esa Lora=krk nsoh dks lacksfèkr dj mUgsa ç.kke djrs gq, muosQ 
;'kksxku vkSj ns'k dh eaxy dkeuk osQ lkFk viuh vkjafHkd iafDr 
laLÑr esa gh fy•h Fkh&
¶LorU=krs Hkxofr Rokega ;'kks;qrka oUnsA 
t;ks¿Lrq rs JhegUeaXys f'kokLins 'kqHknsAA**
blh  Ük`a•yk esa MkW- Jhèkj HkkLdj o.kZsdj us Hkh Lokra=;ohj 
fouk;d nkeksnj lkojdj th osQ Lokra=; ;ksxnku ij vkèkkfjr 
fouk;d oSt;arh (1956bZ-) esa fy•h FkhA Jhèkj HkkLdj th dk 
68 lxkZsa esa foHkDr f'kojkT;ksn; egkdkO; esa f'kokth osQ gkFkksa 
LojkT; LFkkiuk] {kk=k èkeZ o ikjra=; eqfDr tSls i{kksa dks cM+s lqUnj 
<ax ls mosQjk x;k gSA Jhèkj o.kZsdj dk ^foosdkuan fot;a* çfl¼ 
ukVd gSA 
laLÑr osQ jpukdkjksa us cky xaxkèkj fryd] ykyk 
yktir jk;] fcfiu paæ iky] lqHkk"k paæ cksl] ykSg iq#"k 
ljnkj oYyHkHkkbZ iVsy] ohj lkojdj] y{eh ckbZ] rkR;k Vksis] 
'kghn Hkxr flag] paæ'ks•j vkt+kn] Lokeh foosdkuan] egkRek 
xk¡èkh] N=kifr f'kokth] cafde paæ pV~Vksikè;k;] egkjk.kk çrki] 
i`Fohjkt pkSgku] enu eksgu ekyoh;] eaxy ikaMs o vjfoan ?kks"k 
tSls cgqr ls jk‘ª HkDrksa ij viuh jpuk,¡ jphaA bu ns'kHkDrksa us 
Lokra=; dh j.kHksjh esa viuk vfoLej.kh; ;ksxnku fn;kA ,sls 
gh vej jkԻ uk;dksa osQ lkFk&lkFk mu cfynkuh ohjksa dh 'kkS;Z 
xkFkkvksa dks Hkh viuh jpukvksa esa xwaFkk gS ftUgksaus fuLokFkZ Hkko 
ls viuh ekr`Hkwfe osQ fy, v¡xzst+h gqowQer dh u tkus fdruh 
;kruk,¡ lgh FkhaA ,sls dky•aM esa Lora=krk ls :c: djokrh 
vla[; jpuk,¡ jph xbZ FkhaA 
laLÑr dh ç[;kr dof;=kh iafMrk 
{kek jko egksn;k us lR;kxzg xhrk 
(çFke laLdj.k 1932 esa isfjl ls 
çdkf'kr rFkk f}rh; laLdj.k 1956 
bZLoh esa eqacbZ ls çdkf'kr) rFkk mÙkj 
lR;kxzg xhrk (1948 esa çdkf'kr) 
esa ns'k dh Lora=krk] ekr`Hkwfe dh 
j{kk ,oa laLÑr lekt esa Lora=krk 
dk lans'k fn;kA
Page 3


;kstuk] vxLr 2022 43
fgR; lekt dk niZ.k gSA ,sls esa ml dky•aM esa ns'k 
osQ gj {ks=k osQ jpukdkjksa us u osQoy lkfgR; dks gh 
lhapk cfYd Lora=krk vkanksyu esa viuk ;ksxnku nsrs 
gq, tsy ;k=kk,¡ Hkh lghaA f=kfoØe HkV~V osQ vuqlkj&
¶fde~ dosLrsu dkO;su foaQ dk.Msu èkuq"er%A**
vFkkZr~ dfo osQ ml dkO; ls D;k ykHk tks Hkyk ikBd osQ 
ân; dks >d>ksj u ns\
viuh ekr`Hkwfe dh j{kk osQ fy, g¡lrs&g¡lrs vius çk.k 
U;ksNkoj djus okys vej 'kghnksa dh 'kgknr dks vkt iwjk ns'k 
vkt+knh osQ 75 osa o"kZ ^ve`r egksRlo* osQ :i esa euk jgk gSA 
Hkkjr dh ;g ikouh èkjk cfynku Hkwfe osQ :i esa Hkh tkuh 
tkrh gSA ;g ogh Hkwfe gS ftlosQ ;qxksa dh tks'k Hkjh gqadkj ls 
'k=kqvksa dk niZ HkLelkr~ gks tkrk gSA ftl Hkwfe osQ çR;sd o.kZ 
dk yky x+qykeh dk uk'k djus osQ fy, ;q¼ dh ngdrh vkx 
esa owQn iM+rk gSA gekjs ns'k osQ Lokra=; psrkvksa] lkfgR;dkjksa vkSj 
lekt lqèkkjdksa osQ ;ksxnku dks fpjLej.kh; cukus gsrq vkt+knh osQ 
ve`r egksRlo osQ :i esa iwjk ns'k mUgsa viuh v?;Z :i esa viuh 
HkkoHkhuh J¼katfy ns jgk gSA ;gk¡ ½Xosn dh ;g iafDr fo'ks"kr% 
æ‘O; gS &
¶vXus ozrirs&ozra pfj";kfe----A** thou pkgrs gks rks vkx osQ 
'kksys cu tkvksA 
Hkkjro"kZ dh ,drk] v•aMrk vkSj ns'k çse dk ljljkx ml 
dky•aM osQ laLÑr lkfgR;dkjksa us viuh jpukvksa esa xwaFkdj 
lk
ys•d jktLFkku xzkeksRFkku ,oa laLÑr vuqlaèkku laLFkku t;iqj osQ funs'kd gSaA bZesy% slshastri07@gmail.com
laLÑr lsfo;ksa dk Lora=krk vkanksyu esa ;ksxnku
MkW 'kadjyky 'kkL=kh
tu&tu dks txkus dk mRÑ"V dk;Z fd;kA egkdfo xsVs o bZ'oj 
pUæ fo|klkxj tSls çFke Lora=krk laxzke ls tqM+s cgqr ls uke 
fxuk, tk ldrs gSaA egf"kZ vjfoan dk oSfnd èkeZ osQ yksi ,oa 
v¡xzst+ksa }kjk fd, x, vekuoh; O;ogkj ls mudk ân; fcy• 
iM+rk gS&
¶nqnZ'kk nqnZ'kka lqn'kk¿¿;krq HkkjraA**
os vkt+kn Hkkjr dh uhao gsrq ladYi ysrs gSaA ;g rF; egkdfo 
esèkkozrkpk;Z fojfpr n;kuan fnfXot; egkdkO; (ftldk iwokZ¼Z 
cM+kSnk ls 1938 bZ- esa çdkf'kr gqvk ogha mÙkjk¼Z dk çdk'ku 1947 
bZLoh esa gqvk) esa fudy dj lkeus vkrk gSA esèkkozr th osQ fopkjksa 
ls çsfjr gks ;Fkk'kfDr vketu us viuk ;ksxnku fn;kA ml nkSjku 
gekjs ns'k esa ik'pkR;ksa vkSj v¡xzst+ksa dh neudkjh uhfr dk loZ=k 
cksyckyk FkkA ,sls esa ns'k dk vke ukxfjd Hkkjr dh vkt+knh osQ 
fy, vius çk.kksa dh cfy nsdj Hkh jk‘ª dks vkt+kn djokuk pkgrk 
FkkA pkgs paikj.k dk çlax gks ;k tfy;k¡okyk ckx vketu dks 
v¡xzstksa us tqYeksa&flre ls turk ihfM+r FkhA 
oSfnd dky ls gh ekr`Hkwfe osQ çfr çse] jk‘ªh; j{kk vkSj 
ns'k osQ çfr leiZ.k dh Hkkouk dk mn~?kks"k ¶ekrk Hkwfe% iq=kks¿ga 
i`fFkO;k%** esa ns•us dks feyrk gSA èkjrh gekjh ek¡ gS vkSj ge lc 
ek¡ ds ykM+yh larkusaA ,sls esa gekjk uSfrd èkeZ viuh ekr`Hkwfe dh 
j{kk osQ fy, viuk loZLo lefiZr dj nsus dk gh rks gSA èkjrh 
ek¡ dk vÂ&ty •k&ihdj bldh 'kq¼ ok;q osQ >ksadksa vkSj blosQ 
o`{kksa dh ?kuh Nkao esa cSBdj ge cM+s gq, gSaA i`Foh dh efgek dk 
viuh ekr`Hkwfe dh j{kk osQ fy, g¡lrs&g¡lrs vius çk.k U;kSNkoj djus okys vej 'kghnksa dh 'kgknr 
dks vkt iwjk ns'k vkt+knh osQ 75 osa o"kZ ^ve`r egksRlo* osQ :i esa euk jgk gSA Hkkjr dh ;g ikouh 
èkjk cfynku Hkwfe osQ :i esa Hkh tkuh tkrh gSA ;g ogh Hkwfe gS ftlosQ ;qxksa dh tks'k Hkjh gqadkj 
ls 'k=kqvksa dk niZ HkLelkr~ gks tkrk gSA ftl Hkwfe osQ çR;sd o.kZ dk yky x+qykeh dk uk'k djus osQ 
fy, ;q¼ dh ngdrh vkx esa owQn iM+rk gSA gekjs ns'k osQ Lokra=; psrkvksa] lkfgR;dkjksa vkSj lekt 
lqèkkjdksa osQ ;ksxnku dks fpjLej.kh; cukus gsrq vkt+knh osQ ve`r egksRlo osQ :i esa iwjk ns'k mUgsa 
viuh v?;Z :i esa viuh HkkoHkhuh J¼katfy ns jgk gSA Hkkjro"kZ dh ,drk] v•aMrk vkSj ns'k çse 
dk ljljkx ml dky•aM osQ laLÑr lkfgR;dkjksa us viuh jpukvksa esa xwaFkdj tu&tu dks txkus dk 
mRÑ"V dk;Z fd;kA
^^Lokra=; ijea lq[ke~**
44 ;kstuk] vxLr 2022
o.kZu ;=k r=k loZ=k fc•jk gSA vFkoZosn 
osQ i`Foh lwDr vkSj ½Xosn osQ ^vj.;kuh* 
lwDr (½Xosn-10-146) esa Hkh èkjrh ek¡ 
osQ oSHko dh •wclwjr >kadh ns•us dks 
feyrh gSA ns'k dh vkt+knh dh dM+h esa 
1982 bZLoh esa xk¡èkh 'kkafr çfr’ku }kjk 
çdkf'kr çeq• Lokra=; psrk oS".kokpk;Z 
Jh Hkxonkpk;Z fojfpr ^Hkkjr ikfjtkre~*] 
^ikfjtkrkigkj* ftlesa v¡xzst+ksa Hkkjr NksM+ks 
vkanksyu (1942) dk fo'ks"k o.kZu of.kZr 
gS rFkk blh çdkj ikfjtkr lkSjHka xzaFkksa esa 
xk¡èkh th osQ ;ksxnku dks mosQjk x;k gSA 
blh dM+h esa laLÑr dh ç[;kr dof;=kh 
iafMrk {kek jko egksn;k us lR;kxzg xhrk (çFke laLdj.k 1932 
esa isfjl ls çdkf'kr rFkk f}rh; laLdj.k 1956 bZLoh esa eqacbZ ls 
çdkf'kr) rFkk mÙkj lR;kxzg xhrk (1948 esa çdkf'kr) esa ns'k dh 
Lora=krk] ekr`Hkwfe dh j{kk ,oa laLÑr lekt esa Lora=krk dk lans'k 
fn;kA mudk ekuuk Fkk fd v¡xzst+ksa dh neudkjh uhfr ls vPNk gS 
fd ge ekr`Hkwfe osQ dke vk losQaA 
mUgksaus dgk gS fd x+qykeh ls Hkyk ns'k dh mÂfr oSQls laHko 
gS& ¶ikjra=;kfHkHkwrL; ns'kL;kH;qn;% oqQr%\**
,sls Lora=krk ls Hkjs fopkjksa us rRdkyhu lekt dks >d>ksjkA 
laLÑr osQ cgqr ls jpukdkjksa us paæ'ks•j vkt+kn osQ ;ksxnku dks 
js•kafdr djrs gq, lans'k fn;k fd paæ'ks•j dh Hkk¡fr vki Hkh 
vkt+kn cusaA ,sls gh ,d ifjp; esa vkt+kn dgrs gSa& ^^esjk uke 
vkt+kn gSA firk dk uke Lora=k vkSj fuokl dkjkx`g gSA** ,sls 
fuHkhZd vkSj LokfHkekuh opuksa us U;k;kèkh'k dks Hkh vk'p;Zpfdr 
dj fn;k FkkA ,d pfpZr Økafrdkjh osQ :i esa paæ'ks•j vkt+kn 
Lo;a okjk.klh fLFkr laU;klh laLÑr egkfo|ky; osQ Nk=k Fks rHkh 
ls os Lora=krk osQ bl egklej esa owQn iM+s FksA os ek=k 12 o"kZ dh 
NksVh vk;q esa gh laLÑr vè;;u gsrq vk, vkSj ns'k lsok esa vius 
vkidks lefiZr dj fn;kA oSfnd fo}ku~ lkroysdj th dks oSfnd 
vkSj jk‘ªh;rk ls vksrçksr çdkf'kr ys[k ds dkj.k Øksfèkr gq, v¡xzst+ksa 
us mUgsa lkr o"kZ osQ dBksj dkjkokl dh ltk lqukbZ Fkh rks Hkh fcuk 
fopfyr gq, os ns'k lsok esa yxs jgsA 
laLÑr jpukdkjksa ls çHkkfor gksdj rRdkyhu xq#oqQyh; 
ijEijk osQ rgr vè;;u djus okys laLÑr egkfo|ky;ksa osQ Nk=kksa 
us mYys•uh; ;ksxnku fn;kA gfj}kj xq#oqQy ls tqM+s lkroysdj 
th Lo;a Lora=krk dh Økafrdkjh xfrfofèk;ksa ls Nk=kksa osQ lkFk 
tqM+dj jkԻ lsok dj jgs FksA jkԻh; tkxj.k osQ vxznwr ,oa jkԻh; 
f'k{kk osQ vejiqjksèkk yksdekU; cky xaxkèkj fryd us osQljh i=k 
esa ^ns'kL; nqHkkZX;a vkSj bes mik;k% u LFkkf;u%* tSls çHkkoh ys•ksa 
osQ dkj.k mUgsa v¡xzst+ksa us Ng o"kZ osQ fy, czekZ ns'kh; ekaMys 
uked dkjkokl Hkst fn;k FkkA dkjkokl esa riLoh thou O;rhr 
djrs gq, mUgksaus fo'o foJqr ^xhrk jgL;* uked xhrk Hkk"; 
fy•kA ^LojkT; esjk tUefl¼ vfèkdkj gS vkSj eSa bls ysdj 
gh jgw¡xkA* ,slh n`<+rkiwoZd mfDr dh ohj èofu xk¡o&xk¡o vkSj 
uxj&uxj esa iSQy pqdh FkhA ,sls jk‘ª HkDrksa ij vkèkkfjr laLÑr 
okÄe; us muosQ ;ksxnku dks viuh ohj 
jl ls vksrçksr jpukvksa ls vtj vej 
cuk fn;kA mYys•uh; gS fd cky xaxkèkj 
fryd dh Lej.kkatfy osQ :i esa 1956 
bZ- esa fryd dh tUe 'krkCnh eukbZ xbZ 
Fkh] ftlesa fryd osQ thou ij vkèkkfjr 
cgqr ls laLÑr ys•dksa us muosQ Lokra=; 
;ksxnku dks js•kafdr fd;k FkkA 
iafMr vafcdknr O;kl fojfpr 
^f'kojkt fot;e~* uked miU;kl esa 
egkjkt f'kokth osQ ekè;e ls Lora=krk dk 
fcxqy ctk;k gSA v¡xzst+ksa dh eRL; uhfr 
,oa neu ls turk esa ?kqVu vkSj vkØks'k 
c<+ jgk FkkA vr% ijkèkhu Hkkjr dh dld iafMr O;kl th dh 
jpukvksa esa >ydrh gS&
¶gk Hkkjr! fde~ yq.BoSQjso eks{;lsA gk lukru èkeZ foaQ 
foy;eso ;kL;flA dk;± ok lkèk;s;a nsga ok ikr;s;a** (d:axk ;k 
e:axk) dh çfrKk djus okys egkjkt f'kokth us vius dks n`<+ 
çfrKk dk :i lkFkZd dj fn•k;kA 
bl dM+h esa gjnksbZ mÙkj çns'k osQ eFkqjk çlkn nhf{kr us 
Hkkjr fot;e~ ukVd osQ ekè;e ls Lokra=; dk 'ka•ukn iwQadkA 
Lora=krk ls tqM+s bl ukVd dks v¡xzst+ksa us t+Cr dj fy;k FkkA 
Lokra=;ohj fouk;d nkeksnj lkojdj dh jpuk ^dkyk ik.kh* 
esa Lora=krk nsoh dks lacksfèkr dj mUgsa ç.kke djrs gq, muosQ 
;'kksxku vkSj ns'k dh eaxy dkeuk osQ lkFk viuh vkjafHkd iafDr 
laLÑr esa gh fy•h Fkh&
¶LorU=krs Hkxofr Rokega ;'kks;qrka oUnsA 
t;ks¿Lrq rs JhegUeaXys f'kokLins 'kqHknsAA**
blh  Ük`a•yk esa MkW- Jhèkj HkkLdj o.kZsdj us Hkh Lokra=;ohj 
fouk;d nkeksnj lkojdj th osQ Lokra=; ;ksxnku ij vkèkkfjr 
fouk;d oSt;arh (1956bZ-) esa fy•h FkhA Jhèkj HkkLdj th dk 
68 lxkZsa esa foHkDr f'kojkT;ksn; egkdkO; esa f'kokth osQ gkFkksa 
LojkT; LFkkiuk] {kk=k èkeZ o ikjra=; eqfDr tSls i{kksa dks cM+s lqUnj 
<ax ls mosQjk x;k gSA Jhèkj o.kZsdj dk ^foosdkuan fot;a* çfl¼ 
ukVd gSA 
laLÑr osQ jpukdkjksa us cky xaxkèkj fryd] ykyk 
yktir jk;] fcfiu paæ iky] lqHkk"k paæ cksl] ykSg iq#"k 
ljnkj oYyHkHkkbZ iVsy] ohj lkojdj] y{eh ckbZ] rkR;k Vksis] 
'kghn Hkxr flag] paæ'ks•j vkt+kn] Lokeh foosdkuan] egkRek 
xk¡èkh] N=kifr f'kokth] cafde paæ pV~Vksikè;k;] egkjk.kk çrki] 
i`Fohjkt pkSgku] enu eksgu ekyoh;] eaxy ikaMs o vjfoan ?kks"k 
tSls cgqr ls jk‘ª HkDrksa ij viuh jpuk,¡ jphaA bu ns'kHkDrksa us 
Lokra=; dh j.kHksjh esa viuk vfoLej.kh; ;ksxnku fn;kA ,sls 
gh vej jkԻ uk;dksa osQ lkFk&lkFk mu cfynkuh ohjksa dh 'kkS;Z 
xkFkkvksa dks Hkh viuh jpukvksa esa xwaFkk gS ftUgksaus fuLokFkZ Hkko 
ls viuh ekr`Hkwfe osQ fy, v¡xzst+h gqowQer dh u tkus fdruh 
;kruk,¡ lgh FkhaA ,sls dky•aM esa Lora=krk ls :c: djokrh 
vla[; jpuk,¡ jph xbZ FkhaA 
laLÑr dh ç[;kr dof;=kh iafMrk 
{kek jko egksn;k us lR;kxzg xhrk 
(çFke laLdj.k 1932 esa isfjl ls 
çdkf'kr rFkk f}rh; laLdj.k 1956 
bZLoh esa eqacbZ ls çdkf'kr) rFkk mÙkj 
lR;kxzg xhrk (1948 esa çdkf'kr) 
esa ns'k dh Lora=krk] ekr`Hkwfe dh 
j{kk ,oa laLÑr lekt esa Lora=krk 
dk lans'k fn;kA
;kstuk] vxLr 2022 45
;Fkk& èkeZnso fo|kokpLifr dh egkiq#"k dhrZue~ (1959 
bZ- esa Tokykiqj ls çdkf'kr)] lqçfl¼ fo}ku ikaMqjax 'kkÐh dh 
lR;kxzg dFkk] xksoèkZu ihB osQ Jh Hkkjrh Ñ".k rhFkZ th us 
tsy ;k=kk,¡ lghaA Hkkjrh; Lora=krk laxzke osQ eguh; bfrgkl 
dks xyxyh ia<jhukFk vkpk;Z us iw.kZ dj Lora=krk dh e'kky 
tykbZA ,slk mYys• [;kr laLÑr fo}ku~ nsof"kZ dykukFk 'kkÐh 
us vius ys•ksa esa fd;k gSA blh çdkj Lora=krk lsukuh iafMr nqxkZ 
nÙk f=kikBh us ^j.kHksjh* uked if=kdk dk Jhx.ks'k fd;kA ^o;a 
jk‘ªs tkx`;ke% iqjksfgrk* tSls 'kkS;Z opuksa dks lkFkZd fl¼ fd;kA 
mUgksaus ^>aMk Å¡pk jgs gekjk* dh rtZ ij laLÑr esa ^èotks èkw;rka 
èkeZ jk‘ªL; yksosQ* dh ltZuk dhA lR;nso of'k’ Lo;a Lora=krk 
vkanksyu ls tqM+s Fks] ftUgksaus 1958 bZLoh esa lR;kxzg uhfr dkO; 
dh jpuk dh FkhA rRdkyhu laLÑr dkWyst osQ Nk=kksa us jk‘ª lsok 
osQ fy, fuLokFkZ Hkko ls viuk ;ksxnku fn;kA t;iqj esa çtkeaMy 
dh LFkkiuk dj Lokra=; T;ksfr dh vy• txkbZA ftls iafMr 
ghjkyky 'kkÐh o iafMr fcgkjh yky 'kkÐh tSls dbZ fo}kuksa us 
vius Jety ls lhapkA ckalokM+k osQ laLÑr lsoh vkSj Lora=krk 
lsukuh iafMr iÂkyky tks'kh tSls cgqr ls laLÑr lsodksa o jk‘ª 
HkDrksa dk ;ksxnku vaduh; gSA Hkkjr dh ;g ohj riksHkwfe dfo;ksa 
vkSj 'kwjohjksa dh çlfo=kh Hkh gSA 
 tSlk fd dgk Hkh gS&
¶lqo.kZ iq"ika i`Foha fpUofUr iq#"kkÐ;%A 
 'kwj'p Ñrfo|L; ;'p tkukfe lsforqe~AA**
dk'kh osQ laLÑr fo|kihBksa dk rks bl vkanksyu esa lnk 
fpjLej.kh; ;ksxnku cuk gh jgsxkA blh Hkk¡fr t;iqj dk egkjkt 
laLÑr dkWyst vkSj ns'k osQ vU; laLÑr dkystksa osQ Nk=k oxZ us Hkh 
bl fn'kk esa egRoiw.kZ dk;Z fd;k FkkA iafMr oS|ukFk 'kkÐh tSls u tkus 
fdrus gh fo}ku Fks ftUgksaus Lora=krk osQ fy, viuk ;ksxnku fn;kA 'kkÐh 
tSls fo}kuksa us ns'k dh vkt+knh osQ fy, fgeky; dh xqiQkvksa ls ysdj 
u tkus dgk¡&dgk¡ tkdj ;k=kk,¡ dj lekt dks txkus dk dk;Z fd;kA 
iafMr f'konÙk 'kqDy] iafMr t; jke 'kkÐh us dbZ ckj tsy ;kruk,¡ 
lghaA ^jk‘ª dkO; ve`re* (1956 bZLoh esa çdkf'kr) tSlh jpukvksa 
osQ jpf;rk iafMr çHkq nÙk 'kkÐh] ^jk‘ªok.kh* (1952 bZLoh esa vkjk 
fcgkj ls çdkf'kr) osQ jpf;rk iafMr jke ukFk ikBd vkfn us Hkh 
vkt+knh ls tqM+h oSfoè;ijd jpuk,¡ jphaA 
laLÑr jpukdkjksa dh  Ük`a•yk esa iafMr cVqdukFk 'kkÐhÑr 
ckaXykns'k fot;] jfrukFk >k Ñr ohj rjafx.kh] Hkk.Mkj=;Ecd 
'kkÐh dk Lokeh foosdkuan pfjre] gfjnÙk ikyhoky dk Hkxr 
flag pfjre~] 'ka•ukn vIik 'kkÐh jkf'koMsdj dk i×tjc¼ 'kqd% 
ftldk vuqokn jkԻdfo eSfFkyh'kj.k xqIr us Hkh fd;k FkkA bl 
jpuk esa fiatjs esa oSQn gq, 'kqd osQ ekè;e ls ijra=krk dh ihM+k dks 
vkèkkj cuk;k x;k gSA mUgksaus rRdkyhu laLÑr pafædk (1905 bZ-) 
esa v¡xzst+ksa osQ }kjk fd, tk jgs vU;k; osQ fojksèk esa •wc fy•kA 
,sls esa mUgksaus v¡xzst+ksa dh cgqr&lh ;kruk,¡ lgha rks Hkh os laLÑr 
pafædk esa ns'k dh Lora=krk osQ fy, dk;Z djrs jgsA 
 fcgkj osQ iafMr tkudh oYyHk 'kkÐh] egkohj çlkn tks'kh]  
}kjdk çlkn f=kikBh rFkk blh çdkj vf•ykuan 'kekZ fojfpr 
n;kuan fnfXot;a (1906 bZ-)] jekdkar mikè;k; Ñr n;kuan 
pfjre~] Jhfuokl rkMi=khdj fojfpr xk¡èkh xhrk •aMdkO; ogha 
tksèkiqj osQ vkse~ ckck osQ uke ls fo[;kr iafMr xksihÑ ".k O;kl us 
^v¡xzst+ks Hkkjr NksM+ks vkanksyu 1942* esa tsy ;k=kk,¡ lgh FkhaA vkse~ 
ckck osQ thou ij ohj lkojdj dh Nki Li‘r% fn•kbZ nsrh gSA 
laLÑr dkWyst t;iqj osQ rRdkyhu çkpk;Z iafMr paæ'ks•j 'kkÐh tks 
ckn esa txn~xq# Jh fujatu nso rhFkZ osQ uke ls tkus x,A bl dM+h 
esa Lokeh djik=kh th egkjkt tSls fo}kuksa dk ;ksxnku foLe`r ugha 
fd;k tk ldrkA laLÑr jRukdj vkSj ckn esa Hkkjrh laLÑr if=kdk 
osQ laiknd jgs HkV`Jh eFkqjkukFk 'kkÐh us i`Fohjkt ikS#"ka] flag nqxZs 
flag fo;ksx% ,oa lkear laxzke% tSlh ohjrk iw.kZ dFkk,¡ jpha lkFk 
gh Lora=krk ls vksrçksr jpukvksa ls lekt dks ubZ fn'kk nhA dfo 
dh Hkkjr foHkktu :ih osnuk oqQN ;w¡ iwQV iM+h gS&
Hkkjrfenefr fpjkr~ iqjkHkwr~ iw.kZ Lora=kaA 
tksèkiqj osQ iafMr Jh jke nos us u osQoy laLÑr ltZuk gh 
dh cfYd vkanksyu ls Hkh tqM+sA chdkusj osQ iafMr iQkYxqu HkV~V us 
t; Hkkjrkn'kZ paiw dkO; dh jpuk dh ogha Hkkjrh t;iqj osQ çcaèk 
laiknd jgs Jh fxfjjkt 'kkÐh nknk us jk‘ª lsok osQ fy, tsy ;k=kk,¡ 
lgha rFkk laLÑr lsok osQ fy, Lo;a dks lefiZr fd;kA 
blh çdkj iafMr fo".kq nÙk 'kqDy us vlg;ksx vkanksyu osQ 
lkFk Lokra=; ls vksrçksr jpukvksa ls ;qokvksa esa tks'k HkjkA jk‘ªosn 
osQ jpf;rk iafMr uoy fd'kksj dkadj] nsodhuanu 'kekZ Ñr 
jkԻHkDriapde~ lfgr dbZ fganh dfo osQ :i esa tkus tkus okys 
ukxktZqu us Hkh laLÑr jpukvksa ls Lora=krk osQ fy, ;qok ih<+h dks 
vius lans'kksa ls jk‘ª lsok osQ fy, çsfjr fd;kA fganh esa ^mlus dgk 
Fkk* dh çfl¼ jpuk osQ jpukdkj iafMr paæèkj 'kekZ xqysjh us Hkh 
laLÑr esa Lokra=; ls tqM+h jpuk,¡ jphaA mUgksaus çFke fo'o;q¼ dks 
y{; dj fy•k gS& 
èkekZ; ;qè;fr pewuZ`itktZ HkDrkA 
rL;S t;a ije dk#f.koaQ ç;PNAA
iafMr enu eksgu ekyoh; osQ vkns'k ij mUgksaus 1920 ls 
1922 rd fganw fo'ofo|ky; esa laLÑr vè;kiu dk dk;Z Hkh 
fd;k FkkA lu~ 1905 esa çdkf'kr ^lekykspd* i=k esa xqysjh th 
us fy•k gS fd fons'kh dh vis{kk Lons'kh mÙke gSA vFkkZr~ fons'kh 
oLrqvksa dh gksyh tyus ij gh gesa eks{k çkfIr laHko gSA tSlk fd 
mUgksaus fy•k gS&
fons'koLrqfueZqfDr%dFka es L;kRdnk foèksA 
bfr ;k lqn`<k cqf¼oZDrO;k lk eqeq{krkAA 
foèkq 'ks•j HkV~Vkpk;Z (Hkkjr Hkwfe%] mn~cksèkua vkfn)] egknso 
'kkÐh] MkW osadVjk?kou (LojkT; osQrq%) jke Ñ".k HkV~V (Lokra=; 
T;ksfr%) ihyhHkhr esa iSnk gq, vkSj dk'kh ls vè;;u dj jk‘ª lsok 
esa yxs laLÑr lsoh {ksekuUn ftUgsa ckn esa Hkxornkl Lokeh osQ 
uke ls tkuk x;kA blh Hkk¡fr gfjnkl fl¼kar okxh'k dk f'kokth 
pfjre~ lfgr ,slh vla[; jpuk,¡ jph xbZ gSaA bl çdkj osQ xr 
,d 'krkCnh esa cgqr ls çdk'ku gekjs lkeus vk, gSaA jktLFkku 
laLÑr vdkneh dk ^Lokra=; lg;ksfxu%* xzaFk tSlh dbZ jpuk,¡ 
mYys•uh; gSaA osQ'ko xksikyÑr fryd lkSHkkX;a] ;equk nÙk 'kkÐh 
dk ohj rjaxjaxe~] f'ko xksfoan f=kikBhÑr xk¡èkh xkSjoa] dk'kh ukFk 
ikaMs; paæekSfy ç.khr Jhen~ tokgj;'kksfot;a] blh çdkj ckaXykns'k 
Page 4


;kstuk] vxLr 2022 43
fgR; lekt dk niZ.k gSA ,sls esa ml dky•aM esa ns'k 
osQ gj {ks=k osQ jpukdkjksa us u osQoy lkfgR; dks gh 
lhapk cfYd Lora=krk vkanksyu esa viuk ;ksxnku nsrs 
gq, tsy ;k=kk,¡ Hkh lghaA f=kfoØe HkV~V osQ vuqlkj&
¶fde~ dosLrsu dkO;su foaQ dk.Msu èkuq"er%A**
vFkkZr~ dfo osQ ml dkO; ls D;k ykHk tks Hkyk ikBd osQ 
ân; dks >d>ksj u ns\
viuh ekr`Hkwfe dh j{kk osQ fy, g¡lrs&g¡lrs vius çk.k 
U;ksNkoj djus okys vej 'kghnksa dh 'kgknr dks vkt iwjk ns'k 
vkt+knh osQ 75 osa o"kZ ^ve`r egksRlo* osQ :i esa euk jgk gSA 
Hkkjr dh ;g ikouh èkjk cfynku Hkwfe osQ :i esa Hkh tkuh 
tkrh gSA ;g ogh Hkwfe gS ftlosQ ;qxksa dh tks'k Hkjh gqadkj ls 
'k=kqvksa dk niZ HkLelkr~ gks tkrk gSA ftl Hkwfe osQ çR;sd o.kZ 
dk yky x+qykeh dk uk'k djus osQ fy, ;q¼ dh ngdrh vkx 
esa owQn iM+rk gSA gekjs ns'k osQ Lokra=; psrkvksa] lkfgR;dkjksa vkSj 
lekt lqèkkjdksa osQ ;ksxnku dks fpjLej.kh; cukus gsrq vkt+knh osQ 
ve`r egksRlo osQ :i esa iwjk ns'k mUgsa viuh v?;Z :i esa viuh 
HkkoHkhuh J¼katfy ns jgk gSA ;gk¡ ½Xosn dh ;g iafDr fo'ks"kr% 
æ‘O; gS &
¶vXus ozrirs&ozra pfj";kfe----A** thou pkgrs gks rks vkx osQ 
'kksys cu tkvksA 
Hkkjro"kZ dh ,drk] v•aMrk vkSj ns'k çse dk ljljkx ml 
dky•aM osQ laLÑr lkfgR;dkjksa us viuh jpukvksa esa xwaFkdj 
lk
ys•d jktLFkku xzkeksRFkku ,oa laLÑr vuqlaèkku laLFkku t;iqj osQ funs'kd gSaA bZesy% slshastri07@gmail.com
laLÑr lsfo;ksa dk Lora=krk vkanksyu esa ;ksxnku
MkW 'kadjyky 'kkL=kh
tu&tu dks txkus dk mRÑ"V dk;Z fd;kA egkdfo xsVs o bZ'oj 
pUæ fo|klkxj tSls çFke Lora=krk laxzke ls tqM+s cgqr ls uke 
fxuk, tk ldrs gSaA egf"kZ vjfoan dk oSfnd èkeZ osQ yksi ,oa 
v¡xzst+ksa }kjk fd, x, vekuoh; O;ogkj ls mudk ân; fcy• 
iM+rk gS&
¶nqnZ'kk nqnZ'kka lqn'kk¿¿;krq HkkjraA**
os vkt+kn Hkkjr dh uhao gsrq ladYi ysrs gSaA ;g rF; egkdfo 
esèkkozrkpk;Z fojfpr n;kuan fnfXot; egkdkO; (ftldk iwokZ¼Z 
cM+kSnk ls 1938 bZ- esa çdkf'kr gqvk ogha mÙkjk¼Z dk çdk'ku 1947 
bZLoh esa gqvk) esa fudy dj lkeus vkrk gSA esèkkozr th osQ fopkjksa 
ls çsfjr gks ;Fkk'kfDr vketu us viuk ;ksxnku fn;kA ml nkSjku 
gekjs ns'k esa ik'pkR;ksa vkSj v¡xzst+ksa dh neudkjh uhfr dk loZ=k 
cksyckyk FkkA ,sls esa ns'k dk vke ukxfjd Hkkjr dh vkt+knh osQ 
fy, vius çk.kksa dh cfy nsdj Hkh jk‘ª dks vkt+kn djokuk pkgrk 
FkkA pkgs paikj.k dk çlax gks ;k tfy;k¡okyk ckx vketu dks 
v¡xzstksa us tqYeksa&flre ls turk ihfM+r FkhA 
oSfnd dky ls gh ekr`Hkwfe osQ çfr çse] jk‘ªh; j{kk vkSj 
ns'k osQ çfr leiZ.k dh Hkkouk dk mn~?kks"k ¶ekrk Hkwfe% iq=kks¿ga 
i`fFkO;k%** esa ns•us dks feyrk gSA èkjrh gekjh ek¡ gS vkSj ge lc 
ek¡ ds ykM+yh larkusaA ,sls esa gekjk uSfrd èkeZ viuh ekr`Hkwfe dh 
j{kk osQ fy, viuk loZLo lefiZr dj nsus dk gh rks gSA èkjrh 
ek¡ dk vÂ&ty •k&ihdj bldh 'kq¼ ok;q osQ >ksadksa vkSj blosQ 
o`{kksa dh ?kuh Nkao esa cSBdj ge cM+s gq, gSaA i`Foh dh efgek dk 
viuh ekr`Hkwfe dh j{kk osQ fy, g¡lrs&g¡lrs vius çk.k U;kSNkoj djus okys vej 'kghnksa dh 'kgknr 
dks vkt iwjk ns'k vkt+knh osQ 75 osa o"kZ ^ve`r egksRlo* osQ :i esa euk jgk gSA Hkkjr dh ;g ikouh 
èkjk cfynku Hkwfe osQ :i esa Hkh tkuh tkrh gSA ;g ogh Hkwfe gS ftlosQ ;qxksa dh tks'k Hkjh gqadkj 
ls 'k=kqvksa dk niZ HkLelkr~ gks tkrk gSA ftl Hkwfe osQ çR;sd o.kZ dk yky x+qykeh dk uk'k djus osQ 
fy, ;q¼ dh ngdrh vkx esa owQn iM+rk gSA gekjs ns'k osQ Lokra=; psrkvksa] lkfgR;dkjksa vkSj lekt 
lqèkkjdksa osQ ;ksxnku dks fpjLej.kh; cukus gsrq vkt+knh osQ ve`r egksRlo osQ :i esa iwjk ns'k mUgsa 
viuh v?;Z :i esa viuh HkkoHkhuh J¼katfy ns jgk gSA Hkkjro"kZ dh ,drk] v•aMrk vkSj ns'k çse 
dk ljljkx ml dky•aM osQ laLÑr lkfgR;dkjksa us viuh jpukvksa esa xwaFkdj tu&tu dks txkus dk 
mRÑ"V dk;Z fd;kA
^^Lokra=; ijea lq[ke~**
44 ;kstuk] vxLr 2022
o.kZu ;=k r=k loZ=k fc•jk gSA vFkoZosn 
osQ i`Foh lwDr vkSj ½Xosn osQ ^vj.;kuh* 
lwDr (½Xosn-10-146) esa Hkh èkjrh ek¡ 
osQ oSHko dh •wclwjr >kadh ns•us dks 
feyrh gSA ns'k dh vkt+knh dh dM+h esa 
1982 bZLoh esa xk¡èkh 'kkafr çfr’ku }kjk 
çdkf'kr çeq• Lokra=; psrk oS".kokpk;Z 
Jh Hkxonkpk;Z fojfpr ^Hkkjr ikfjtkre~*] 
^ikfjtkrkigkj* ftlesa v¡xzst+ksa Hkkjr NksM+ks 
vkanksyu (1942) dk fo'ks"k o.kZu of.kZr 
gS rFkk blh çdkj ikfjtkr lkSjHka xzaFkksa esa 
xk¡èkh th osQ ;ksxnku dks mosQjk x;k gSA 
blh dM+h esa laLÑr dh ç[;kr dof;=kh 
iafMrk {kek jko egksn;k us lR;kxzg xhrk (çFke laLdj.k 1932 
esa isfjl ls çdkf'kr rFkk f}rh; laLdj.k 1956 bZLoh esa eqacbZ ls 
çdkf'kr) rFkk mÙkj lR;kxzg xhrk (1948 esa çdkf'kr) esa ns'k dh 
Lora=krk] ekr`Hkwfe dh j{kk ,oa laLÑr lekt esa Lora=krk dk lans'k 
fn;kA mudk ekuuk Fkk fd v¡xzst+ksa dh neudkjh uhfr ls vPNk gS 
fd ge ekr`Hkwfe osQ dke vk losQaA 
mUgksaus dgk gS fd x+qykeh ls Hkyk ns'k dh mÂfr oSQls laHko 
gS& ¶ikjra=;kfHkHkwrL; ns'kL;kH;qn;% oqQr%\**
,sls Lora=krk ls Hkjs fopkjksa us rRdkyhu lekt dks >d>ksjkA 
laLÑr osQ cgqr ls jpukdkjksa us paæ'ks•j vkt+kn osQ ;ksxnku dks 
js•kafdr djrs gq, lans'k fn;k fd paæ'ks•j dh Hkk¡fr vki Hkh 
vkt+kn cusaA ,sls gh ,d ifjp; esa vkt+kn dgrs gSa& ^^esjk uke 
vkt+kn gSA firk dk uke Lora=k vkSj fuokl dkjkx`g gSA** ,sls 
fuHkhZd vkSj LokfHkekuh opuksa us U;k;kèkh'k dks Hkh vk'p;Zpfdr 
dj fn;k FkkA ,d pfpZr Økafrdkjh osQ :i esa paæ'ks•j vkt+kn 
Lo;a okjk.klh fLFkr laU;klh laLÑr egkfo|ky; osQ Nk=k Fks rHkh 
ls os Lora=krk osQ bl egklej esa owQn iM+s FksA os ek=k 12 o"kZ dh 
NksVh vk;q esa gh laLÑr vè;;u gsrq vk, vkSj ns'k lsok esa vius 
vkidks lefiZr dj fn;kA oSfnd fo}ku~ lkroysdj th dks oSfnd 
vkSj jk‘ªh;rk ls vksrçksr çdkf'kr ys[k ds dkj.k Øksfèkr gq, v¡xzst+ksa 
us mUgsa lkr o"kZ osQ dBksj dkjkokl dh ltk lqukbZ Fkh rks Hkh fcuk 
fopfyr gq, os ns'k lsok esa yxs jgsA 
laLÑr jpukdkjksa ls çHkkfor gksdj rRdkyhu xq#oqQyh; 
ijEijk osQ rgr vè;;u djus okys laLÑr egkfo|ky;ksa osQ Nk=kksa 
us mYys•uh; ;ksxnku fn;kA gfj}kj xq#oqQy ls tqM+s lkroysdj 
th Lo;a Lora=krk dh Økafrdkjh xfrfofèk;ksa ls Nk=kksa osQ lkFk 
tqM+dj jkԻ lsok dj jgs FksA jkԻh; tkxj.k osQ vxznwr ,oa jkԻh; 
f'k{kk osQ vejiqjksèkk yksdekU; cky xaxkèkj fryd us osQljh i=k 
esa ^ns'kL; nqHkkZX;a vkSj bes mik;k% u LFkkf;u%* tSls çHkkoh ys•ksa 
osQ dkj.k mUgsa v¡xzst+ksa us Ng o"kZ osQ fy, czekZ ns'kh; ekaMys 
uked dkjkokl Hkst fn;k FkkA dkjkokl esa riLoh thou O;rhr 
djrs gq, mUgksaus fo'o foJqr ^xhrk jgL;* uked xhrk Hkk"; 
fy•kA ^LojkT; esjk tUefl¼ vfèkdkj gS vkSj eSa bls ysdj 
gh jgw¡xkA* ,slh n`<+rkiwoZd mfDr dh ohj èofu xk¡o&xk¡o vkSj 
uxj&uxj esa iSQy pqdh FkhA ,sls jk‘ª HkDrksa ij vkèkkfjr laLÑr 
okÄe; us muosQ ;ksxnku dks viuh ohj 
jl ls vksrçksr jpukvksa ls vtj vej 
cuk fn;kA mYys•uh; gS fd cky xaxkèkj 
fryd dh Lej.kkatfy osQ :i esa 1956 
bZ- esa fryd dh tUe 'krkCnh eukbZ xbZ 
Fkh] ftlesa fryd osQ thou ij vkèkkfjr 
cgqr ls laLÑr ys•dksa us muosQ Lokra=; 
;ksxnku dks js•kafdr fd;k FkkA 
iafMr vafcdknr O;kl fojfpr 
^f'kojkt fot;e~* uked miU;kl esa 
egkjkt f'kokth osQ ekè;e ls Lora=krk dk 
fcxqy ctk;k gSA v¡xzst+ksa dh eRL; uhfr 
,oa neu ls turk esa ?kqVu vkSj vkØks'k 
c<+ jgk FkkA vr% ijkèkhu Hkkjr dh dld iafMr O;kl th dh 
jpukvksa esa >ydrh gS&
¶gk Hkkjr! fde~ yq.BoSQjso eks{;lsA gk lukru èkeZ foaQ 
foy;eso ;kL;flA dk;± ok lkèk;s;a nsga ok ikr;s;a** (d:axk ;k 
e:axk) dh çfrKk djus okys egkjkt f'kokth us vius dks n`<+ 
çfrKk dk :i lkFkZd dj fn•k;kA 
bl dM+h esa gjnksbZ mÙkj çns'k osQ eFkqjk çlkn nhf{kr us 
Hkkjr fot;e~ ukVd osQ ekè;e ls Lokra=; dk 'ka•ukn iwQadkA 
Lora=krk ls tqM+s bl ukVd dks v¡xzst+ksa us t+Cr dj fy;k FkkA 
Lokra=;ohj fouk;d nkeksnj lkojdj dh jpuk ^dkyk ik.kh* 
esa Lora=krk nsoh dks lacksfèkr dj mUgsa ç.kke djrs gq, muosQ 
;'kksxku vkSj ns'k dh eaxy dkeuk osQ lkFk viuh vkjafHkd iafDr 
laLÑr esa gh fy•h Fkh&
¶LorU=krs Hkxofr Rokega ;'kks;qrka oUnsA 
t;ks¿Lrq rs JhegUeaXys f'kokLins 'kqHknsAA**
blh  Ük`a•yk esa MkW- Jhèkj HkkLdj o.kZsdj us Hkh Lokra=;ohj 
fouk;d nkeksnj lkojdj th osQ Lokra=; ;ksxnku ij vkèkkfjr 
fouk;d oSt;arh (1956bZ-) esa fy•h FkhA Jhèkj HkkLdj th dk 
68 lxkZsa esa foHkDr f'kojkT;ksn; egkdkO; esa f'kokth osQ gkFkksa 
LojkT; LFkkiuk] {kk=k èkeZ o ikjra=; eqfDr tSls i{kksa dks cM+s lqUnj 
<ax ls mosQjk x;k gSA Jhèkj o.kZsdj dk ^foosdkuan fot;a* çfl¼ 
ukVd gSA 
laLÑr osQ jpukdkjksa us cky xaxkèkj fryd] ykyk 
yktir jk;] fcfiu paæ iky] lqHkk"k paæ cksl] ykSg iq#"k 
ljnkj oYyHkHkkbZ iVsy] ohj lkojdj] y{eh ckbZ] rkR;k Vksis] 
'kghn Hkxr flag] paæ'ks•j vkt+kn] Lokeh foosdkuan] egkRek 
xk¡èkh] N=kifr f'kokth] cafde paæ pV~Vksikè;k;] egkjk.kk çrki] 
i`Fohjkt pkSgku] enu eksgu ekyoh;] eaxy ikaMs o vjfoan ?kks"k 
tSls cgqr ls jk‘ª HkDrksa ij viuh jpuk,¡ jphaA bu ns'kHkDrksa us 
Lokra=; dh j.kHksjh esa viuk vfoLej.kh; ;ksxnku fn;kA ,sls 
gh vej jkԻ uk;dksa osQ lkFk&lkFk mu cfynkuh ohjksa dh 'kkS;Z 
xkFkkvksa dks Hkh viuh jpukvksa esa xwaFkk gS ftUgksaus fuLokFkZ Hkko 
ls viuh ekr`Hkwfe osQ fy, v¡xzst+h gqowQer dh u tkus fdruh 
;kruk,¡ lgh FkhaA ,sls dky•aM esa Lora=krk ls :c: djokrh 
vla[; jpuk,¡ jph xbZ FkhaA 
laLÑr dh ç[;kr dof;=kh iafMrk 
{kek jko egksn;k us lR;kxzg xhrk 
(çFke laLdj.k 1932 esa isfjl ls 
çdkf'kr rFkk f}rh; laLdj.k 1956 
bZLoh esa eqacbZ ls çdkf'kr) rFkk mÙkj 
lR;kxzg xhrk (1948 esa çdkf'kr) 
esa ns'k dh Lora=krk] ekr`Hkwfe dh 
j{kk ,oa laLÑr lekt esa Lora=krk 
dk lans'k fn;kA
;kstuk] vxLr 2022 45
;Fkk& èkeZnso fo|kokpLifr dh egkiq#"k dhrZue~ (1959 
bZ- esa Tokykiqj ls çdkf'kr)] lqçfl¼ fo}ku ikaMqjax 'kkÐh dh 
lR;kxzg dFkk] xksoèkZu ihB osQ Jh Hkkjrh Ñ".k rhFkZ th us 
tsy ;k=kk,¡ lghaA Hkkjrh; Lora=krk laxzke osQ eguh; bfrgkl 
dks xyxyh ia<jhukFk vkpk;Z us iw.kZ dj Lora=krk dh e'kky 
tykbZA ,slk mYys• [;kr laLÑr fo}ku~ nsof"kZ dykukFk 'kkÐh 
us vius ys•ksa esa fd;k gSA blh çdkj Lora=krk lsukuh iafMr nqxkZ 
nÙk f=kikBh us ^j.kHksjh* uked if=kdk dk Jhx.ks'k fd;kA ^o;a 
jk‘ªs tkx`;ke% iqjksfgrk* tSls 'kkS;Z opuksa dks lkFkZd fl¼ fd;kA 
mUgksaus ^>aMk Å¡pk jgs gekjk* dh rtZ ij laLÑr esa ^èotks èkw;rka 
èkeZ jk‘ªL; yksosQ* dh ltZuk dhA lR;nso of'k’ Lo;a Lora=krk 
vkanksyu ls tqM+s Fks] ftUgksaus 1958 bZLoh esa lR;kxzg uhfr dkO; 
dh jpuk dh FkhA rRdkyhu laLÑr dkWyst osQ Nk=kksa us jk‘ª lsok 
osQ fy, fuLokFkZ Hkko ls viuk ;ksxnku fn;kA t;iqj esa çtkeaMy 
dh LFkkiuk dj Lokra=; T;ksfr dh vy• txkbZA ftls iafMr 
ghjkyky 'kkÐh o iafMr fcgkjh yky 'kkÐh tSls dbZ fo}kuksa us 
vius Jety ls lhapkA ckalokM+k osQ laLÑr lsoh vkSj Lora=krk 
lsukuh iafMr iÂkyky tks'kh tSls cgqr ls laLÑr lsodksa o jk‘ª 
HkDrksa dk ;ksxnku vaduh; gSA Hkkjr dh ;g ohj riksHkwfe dfo;ksa 
vkSj 'kwjohjksa dh çlfo=kh Hkh gSA 
 tSlk fd dgk Hkh gS&
¶lqo.kZ iq"ika i`Foha fpUofUr iq#"kkÐ;%A 
 'kwj'p Ñrfo|L; ;'p tkukfe lsforqe~AA**
dk'kh osQ laLÑr fo|kihBksa dk rks bl vkanksyu esa lnk 
fpjLej.kh; ;ksxnku cuk gh jgsxkA blh Hkk¡fr t;iqj dk egkjkt 
laLÑr dkWyst vkSj ns'k osQ vU; laLÑr dkystksa osQ Nk=k oxZ us Hkh 
bl fn'kk esa egRoiw.kZ dk;Z fd;k FkkA iafMr oS|ukFk 'kkÐh tSls u tkus 
fdrus gh fo}ku Fks ftUgksaus Lora=krk osQ fy, viuk ;ksxnku fn;kA 'kkÐh 
tSls fo}kuksa us ns'k dh vkt+knh osQ fy, fgeky; dh xqiQkvksa ls ysdj 
u tkus dgk¡&dgk¡ tkdj ;k=kk,¡ dj lekt dks txkus dk dk;Z fd;kA 
iafMr f'konÙk 'kqDy] iafMr t; jke 'kkÐh us dbZ ckj tsy ;kruk,¡ 
lghaA ^jk‘ª dkO; ve`re* (1956 bZLoh esa çdkf'kr) tSlh jpukvksa 
osQ jpf;rk iafMr çHkq nÙk 'kkÐh] ^jk‘ªok.kh* (1952 bZLoh esa vkjk 
fcgkj ls çdkf'kr) osQ jpf;rk iafMr jke ukFk ikBd vkfn us Hkh 
vkt+knh ls tqM+h oSfoè;ijd jpuk,¡ jphaA 
laLÑr jpukdkjksa dh  Ük`a•yk esa iafMr cVqdukFk 'kkÐhÑr 
ckaXykns'k fot;] jfrukFk >k Ñr ohj rjafx.kh] Hkk.Mkj=;Ecd 
'kkÐh dk Lokeh foosdkuan pfjre] gfjnÙk ikyhoky dk Hkxr 
flag pfjre~] 'ka•ukn vIik 'kkÐh jkf'koMsdj dk i×tjc¼ 'kqd% 
ftldk vuqokn jkԻdfo eSfFkyh'kj.k xqIr us Hkh fd;k FkkA bl 
jpuk esa fiatjs esa oSQn gq, 'kqd osQ ekè;e ls ijra=krk dh ihM+k dks 
vkèkkj cuk;k x;k gSA mUgksaus rRdkyhu laLÑr pafædk (1905 bZ-) 
esa v¡xzst+ksa osQ }kjk fd, tk jgs vU;k; osQ fojksèk esa •wc fy•kA 
,sls esa mUgksaus v¡xzst+ksa dh cgqr&lh ;kruk,¡ lgha rks Hkh os laLÑr 
pafædk esa ns'k dh Lora=krk osQ fy, dk;Z djrs jgsA 
 fcgkj osQ iafMr tkudh oYyHk 'kkÐh] egkohj çlkn tks'kh]  
}kjdk çlkn f=kikBh rFkk blh çdkj vf•ykuan 'kekZ fojfpr 
n;kuan fnfXot;a (1906 bZ-)] jekdkar mikè;k; Ñr n;kuan 
pfjre~] Jhfuokl rkMi=khdj fojfpr xk¡èkh xhrk •aMdkO; ogha 
tksèkiqj osQ vkse~ ckck osQ uke ls fo[;kr iafMr xksihÑ ".k O;kl us 
^v¡xzst+ks Hkkjr NksM+ks vkanksyu 1942* esa tsy ;k=kk,¡ lgh FkhaA vkse~ 
ckck osQ thou ij ohj lkojdj dh Nki Li‘r% fn•kbZ nsrh gSA 
laLÑr dkWyst t;iqj osQ rRdkyhu çkpk;Z iafMr paæ'ks•j 'kkÐh tks 
ckn esa txn~xq# Jh fujatu nso rhFkZ osQ uke ls tkus x,A bl dM+h 
esa Lokeh djik=kh th egkjkt tSls fo}kuksa dk ;ksxnku foLe`r ugha 
fd;k tk ldrkA laLÑr jRukdj vkSj ckn esa Hkkjrh laLÑr if=kdk 
osQ laiknd jgs HkV`Jh eFkqjkukFk 'kkÐh us i`Fohjkt ikS#"ka] flag nqxZs 
flag fo;ksx% ,oa lkear laxzke% tSlh ohjrk iw.kZ dFkk,¡ jpha lkFk 
gh Lora=krk ls vksrçksr jpukvksa ls lekt dks ubZ fn'kk nhA dfo 
dh Hkkjr foHkktu :ih osnuk oqQN ;w¡ iwQV iM+h gS&
Hkkjrfenefr fpjkr~ iqjkHkwr~ iw.kZ Lora=kaA 
tksèkiqj osQ iafMr Jh jke nos us u osQoy laLÑr ltZuk gh 
dh cfYd vkanksyu ls Hkh tqM+sA chdkusj osQ iafMr iQkYxqu HkV~V us 
t; Hkkjrkn'kZ paiw dkO; dh jpuk dh ogha Hkkjrh t;iqj osQ çcaèk 
laiknd jgs Jh fxfjjkt 'kkÐh nknk us jk‘ª lsok osQ fy, tsy ;k=kk,¡ 
lgha rFkk laLÑr lsok osQ fy, Lo;a dks lefiZr fd;kA 
blh çdkj iafMr fo".kq nÙk 'kqDy us vlg;ksx vkanksyu osQ 
lkFk Lokra=; ls vksrçksr jpukvksa ls ;qokvksa esa tks'k HkjkA jk‘ªosn 
osQ jpf;rk iafMr uoy fd'kksj dkadj] nsodhuanu 'kekZ Ñr 
jkԻHkDriapde~ lfgr dbZ fganh dfo osQ :i esa tkus tkus okys 
ukxktZqu us Hkh laLÑr jpukvksa ls Lora=krk osQ fy, ;qok ih<+h dks 
vius lans'kksa ls jk‘ª lsok osQ fy, çsfjr fd;kA fganh esa ^mlus dgk 
Fkk* dh çfl¼ jpuk osQ jpukdkj iafMr paæèkj 'kekZ xqysjh us Hkh 
laLÑr esa Lokra=; ls tqM+h jpuk,¡ jphaA mUgksaus çFke fo'o;q¼ dks 
y{; dj fy•k gS& 
èkekZ; ;qè;fr pewuZ`itktZ HkDrkA 
rL;S t;a ije dk#f.koaQ ç;PNAA
iafMr enu eksgu ekyoh; osQ vkns'k ij mUgksaus 1920 ls 
1922 rd fganw fo'ofo|ky; esa laLÑr vè;kiu dk dk;Z Hkh 
fd;k FkkA lu~ 1905 esa çdkf'kr ^lekykspd* i=k esa xqysjh th 
us fy•k gS fd fons'kh dh vis{kk Lons'kh mÙke gSA vFkkZr~ fons'kh 
oLrqvksa dh gksyh tyus ij gh gesa eks{k çkfIr laHko gSA tSlk fd 
mUgksaus fy•k gS&
fons'koLrqfueZqfDr%dFka es L;kRdnk foèksA 
bfr ;k lqn`<k cqf¼oZDrO;k lk eqeq{krkAA 
foèkq 'ks•j HkV~Vkpk;Z (Hkkjr Hkwfe%] mn~cksèkua vkfn)] egknso 
'kkÐh] MkW osadVjk?kou (LojkT; osQrq%) jke Ñ".k HkV~V (Lokra=; 
T;ksfr%) ihyhHkhr esa iSnk gq, vkSj dk'kh ls vè;;u dj jk‘ª lsok 
esa yxs laLÑr lsoh {ksekuUn ftUgsa ckn esa Hkxornkl Lokeh osQ 
uke ls tkuk x;kA blh Hkk¡fr gfjnkl fl¼kar okxh'k dk f'kokth 
pfjre~ lfgr ,slh vla[; jpuk,¡ jph xbZ gSaA bl çdkj osQ xr 
,d 'krkCnh esa cgqr ls çdk'ku gekjs lkeus vk, gSaA jktLFkku 
laLÑr vdkneh dk ^Lokra=; lg;ksfxu%* xzaFk tSlh dbZ jpuk,¡ 
mYys•uh; gSaA osQ'ko xksikyÑr fryd lkSHkkX;a] ;equk nÙk 'kkÐh 
dk ohj rjaxjaxe~] f'ko xksfoan f=kikBhÑr xk¡èkh xkSjoa] dk'kh ukFk 
ikaMs; paæekSfy ç.khr Jhen~ tokgj;'kksfot;a] blh çdkj ckaXykns'k 
46 ;kstuk] vxLr 2022
fot;e~] çrki flagh;e~] çrki flag pfjre~] èkU;k ees;a èkjk] 
laèkkue~] Hkkfr esa Hkkjre] Hkkjrh; jRu pfjre~] Lokra=; T;ksfr%] 
eèkqi.khZ] xk¡èkh xkSjoe~] ysfuuke`re~ lfgr cgqr&lh Lora=krk ls 
vksrçksr jpuk,¡ vaduh; gSaA 
Hkkjr ljdkj osQ çdk'ku foHkkx us fganh Hkk"kk esa ^Hkxr flag% 
vf}rh; O;fDrRo* dk pkj •aMksa esa Lrjh; çdk'ku fd;k gSA 
blh çdkj egkRek xk¡èkh lfgr vU; vkt+knh osQ Økafrdkfj;ksa o 
Lokèkhurk lsukfu;ksa osQ xzaFk laxzg.kh; gSaA 
oLrqr% Lokra=; gh rks gekjs lq•] vkuan vkSj mYykl dk 
egkioZ gSA ogha x+qykeh egku ladV dk&
¶Lokra=; ijea lq•a ikjra=;a egn~ nq%•aA**
ml dky•aM esa laLÑr i=kdkfjrk us Hkh Lora=krk dh e'kky 
tykbZA 1832 bZLoh esa caxky dh jk;y ,f'k;kfVd lkslk;Vh dh 
'kksèk if=kdk çdkf'kr gqbZ] ftlesa v¡xzst+h ,oa laLÑr nksuksa Hkk"kkvksa 
osQ ys• gksrs Fks foaQrq laLÑr dh loZçFke if=kdk 1866 bZLoh esa  
okjk.klh ls ^dk'kh fo|k lqèkk fufèk (1866&1917)* if=kdk çdkf'kr 
gqbZ rFkk 1893 esa caxky ls ^laLÑr pafædk* uked if=kdk çdkf'kr 
gqbZA t;iqj] jktLFkku ls ^laLÑr jRukdj* uked ekfld if=kdk dk 
Jhx.ks'k 1904 esa çkjaHk gksdj 1949 rd pykA bl if=kdk dk eè; 
esa volku Hkh gqvk vkSj fHkÂ&fHk LFkkuksa ls 1949 rd çdk'ku Hkh 
gqvkA dkykarj esa ;gh i=k vf•y Hkkjrh; laLÑr lkfgR; lEesyu 
dk eq•i=k cukA ml nkSjku ns'k osQ fofHk LFkkuksa ls lqu`rokfnuh] 
eatwHkkf"k.kh] laLÑr lkosQre~] laLÑre~] nsook.kh] eatw"kk] vej Hkkjrh] 
lw;kZsn; o lqçHkkre~ tSlh dbZ if=kdk,¡ fpjLej.kh; dgh tk ldrh 
gSaA blh çdkj ls dbZ vU; if=kdkvksa vkSj buosQ laikndksa dk ;ksxnku 
Hkh foLe`r ugha fd;k tk ldrkA                         n
lanHkZ
1- uy pEiw
2- rSfÙkjh;ksifu"kn~
3- n;kuan fnfXot; egkdkO;e~
4- mÙkj lR;kxzg xhrk
5- xhrk jgL;
6- xk¡èkh xkSjoe~ 
7- Hkkjr fot;a ukVde~ 
8- f'kojktfot;e~
9- f'kojkT;ksn; egkdkO;e~
10- paæ'ks•j vkt+kn
11- Lokra=; lg;ksfxu
12- 'kqØ uhfr
13- egkHkkjr ou ioZ
14- jktLFkku osQ laLÑr Ñfrdkj
15- e×twukFk xzaFkkofy (1&5)
16- paæèkj 'kekZ xqysjh
17- fo|kèkj xzaFkkofy
18- lkfgR; eankfduh 
19- uhfr'krde~
20- dFkk e×tjh
Page 5


;kstuk] vxLr 2022 43
fgR; lekt dk niZ.k gSA ,sls esa ml dky•aM esa ns'k 
osQ gj {ks=k osQ jpukdkjksa us u osQoy lkfgR; dks gh 
lhapk cfYd Lora=krk vkanksyu esa viuk ;ksxnku nsrs 
gq, tsy ;k=kk,¡ Hkh lghaA f=kfoØe HkV~V osQ vuqlkj&
¶fde~ dosLrsu dkO;su foaQ dk.Msu èkuq"er%A**
vFkkZr~ dfo osQ ml dkO; ls D;k ykHk tks Hkyk ikBd osQ 
ân; dks >d>ksj u ns\
viuh ekr`Hkwfe dh j{kk osQ fy, g¡lrs&g¡lrs vius çk.k 
U;ksNkoj djus okys vej 'kghnksa dh 'kgknr dks vkt iwjk ns'k 
vkt+knh osQ 75 osa o"kZ ^ve`r egksRlo* osQ :i esa euk jgk gSA 
Hkkjr dh ;g ikouh èkjk cfynku Hkwfe osQ :i esa Hkh tkuh 
tkrh gSA ;g ogh Hkwfe gS ftlosQ ;qxksa dh tks'k Hkjh gqadkj ls 
'k=kqvksa dk niZ HkLelkr~ gks tkrk gSA ftl Hkwfe osQ çR;sd o.kZ 
dk yky x+qykeh dk uk'k djus osQ fy, ;q¼ dh ngdrh vkx 
esa owQn iM+rk gSA gekjs ns'k osQ Lokra=; psrkvksa] lkfgR;dkjksa vkSj 
lekt lqèkkjdksa osQ ;ksxnku dks fpjLej.kh; cukus gsrq vkt+knh osQ 
ve`r egksRlo osQ :i esa iwjk ns'k mUgsa viuh v?;Z :i esa viuh 
HkkoHkhuh J¼katfy ns jgk gSA ;gk¡ ½Xosn dh ;g iafDr fo'ks"kr% 
æ‘O; gS &
¶vXus ozrirs&ozra pfj";kfe----A** thou pkgrs gks rks vkx osQ 
'kksys cu tkvksA 
Hkkjro"kZ dh ,drk] v•aMrk vkSj ns'k çse dk ljljkx ml 
dky•aM osQ laLÑr lkfgR;dkjksa us viuh jpukvksa esa xwaFkdj 
lk
ys•d jktLFkku xzkeksRFkku ,oa laLÑr vuqlaèkku laLFkku t;iqj osQ funs'kd gSaA bZesy% slshastri07@gmail.com
laLÑr lsfo;ksa dk Lora=krk vkanksyu esa ;ksxnku
MkW 'kadjyky 'kkL=kh
tu&tu dks txkus dk mRÑ"V dk;Z fd;kA egkdfo xsVs o bZ'oj 
pUæ fo|klkxj tSls çFke Lora=krk laxzke ls tqM+s cgqr ls uke 
fxuk, tk ldrs gSaA egf"kZ vjfoan dk oSfnd èkeZ osQ yksi ,oa 
v¡xzst+ksa }kjk fd, x, vekuoh; O;ogkj ls mudk ân; fcy• 
iM+rk gS&
¶nqnZ'kk nqnZ'kka lqn'kk¿¿;krq HkkjraA**
os vkt+kn Hkkjr dh uhao gsrq ladYi ysrs gSaA ;g rF; egkdfo 
esèkkozrkpk;Z fojfpr n;kuan fnfXot; egkdkO; (ftldk iwokZ¼Z 
cM+kSnk ls 1938 bZ- esa çdkf'kr gqvk ogha mÙkjk¼Z dk çdk'ku 1947 
bZLoh esa gqvk) esa fudy dj lkeus vkrk gSA esèkkozr th osQ fopkjksa 
ls çsfjr gks ;Fkk'kfDr vketu us viuk ;ksxnku fn;kA ml nkSjku 
gekjs ns'k esa ik'pkR;ksa vkSj v¡xzst+ksa dh neudkjh uhfr dk loZ=k 
cksyckyk FkkA ,sls esa ns'k dk vke ukxfjd Hkkjr dh vkt+knh osQ 
fy, vius çk.kksa dh cfy nsdj Hkh jk‘ª dks vkt+kn djokuk pkgrk 
FkkA pkgs paikj.k dk çlax gks ;k tfy;k¡okyk ckx vketu dks 
v¡xzstksa us tqYeksa&flre ls turk ihfM+r FkhA 
oSfnd dky ls gh ekr`Hkwfe osQ çfr çse] jk‘ªh; j{kk vkSj 
ns'k osQ çfr leiZ.k dh Hkkouk dk mn~?kks"k ¶ekrk Hkwfe% iq=kks¿ga 
i`fFkO;k%** esa ns•us dks feyrk gSA èkjrh gekjh ek¡ gS vkSj ge lc 
ek¡ ds ykM+yh larkusaA ,sls esa gekjk uSfrd èkeZ viuh ekr`Hkwfe dh 
j{kk osQ fy, viuk loZLo lefiZr dj nsus dk gh rks gSA èkjrh 
ek¡ dk vÂ&ty •k&ihdj bldh 'kq¼ ok;q osQ >ksadksa vkSj blosQ 
o`{kksa dh ?kuh Nkao esa cSBdj ge cM+s gq, gSaA i`Foh dh efgek dk 
viuh ekr`Hkwfe dh j{kk osQ fy, g¡lrs&g¡lrs vius çk.k U;kSNkoj djus okys vej 'kghnksa dh 'kgknr 
dks vkt iwjk ns'k vkt+knh osQ 75 osa o"kZ ^ve`r egksRlo* osQ :i esa euk jgk gSA Hkkjr dh ;g ikouh 
èkjk cfynku Hkwfe osQ :i esa Hkh tkuh tkrh gSA ;g ogh Hkwfe gS ftlosQ ;qxksa dh tks'k Hkjh gqadkj 
ls 'k=kqvksa dk niZ HkLelkr~ gks tkrk gSA ftl Hkwfe osQ çR;sd o.kZ dk yky x+qykeh dk uk'k djus osQ 
fy, ;q¼ dh ngdrh vkx esa owQn iM+rk gSA gekjs ns'k osQ Lokra=; psrkvksa] lkfgR;dkjksa vkSj lekt 
lqèkkjdksa osQ ;ksxnku dks fpjLej.kh; cukus gsrq vkt+knh osQ ve`r egksRlo osQ :i esa iwjk ns'k mUgsa 
viuh v?;Z :i esa viuh HkkoHkhuh J¼katfy ns jgk gSA Hkkjro"kZ dh ,drk] v•aMrk vkSj ns'k çse 
dk ljljkx ml dky•aM osQ laLÑr lkfgR;dkjksa us viuh jpukvksa esa xwaFkdj tu&tu dks txkus dk 
mRÑ"V dk;Z fd;kA
^^Lokra=; ijea lq[ke~**
44 ;kstuk] vxLr 2022
o.kZu ;=k r=k loZ=k fc•jk gSA vFkoZosn 
osQ i`Foh lwDr vkSj ½Xosn osQ ^vj.;kuh* 
lwDr (½Xosn-10-146) esa Hkh èkjrh ek¡ 
osQ oSHko dh •wclwjr >kadh ns•us dks 
feyrh gSA ns'k dh vkt+knh dh dM+h esa 
1982 bZLoh esa xk¡èkh 'kkafr çfr’ku }kjk 
çdkf'kr çeq• Lokra=; psrk oS".kokpk;Z 
Jh Hkxonkpk;Z fojfpr ^Hkkjr ikfjtkre~*] 
^ikfjtkrkigkj* ftlesa v¡xzst+ksa Hkkjr NksM+ks 
vkanksyu (1942) dk fo'ks"k o.kZu of.kZr 
gS rFkk blh çdkj ikfjtkr lkSjHka xzaFkksa esa 
xk¡èkh th osQ ;ksxnku dks mosQjk x;k gSA 
blh dM+h esa laLÑr dh ç[;kr dof;=kh 
iafMrk {kek jko egksn;k us lR;kxzg xhrk (çFke laLdj.k 1932 
esa isfjl ls çdkf'kr rFkk f}rh; laLdj.k 1956 bZLoh esa eqacbZ ls 
çdkf'kr) rFkk mÙkj lR;kxzg xhrk (1948 esa çdkf'kr) esa ns'k dh 
Lora=krk] ekr`Hkwfe dh j{kk ,oa laLÑr lekt esa Lora=krk dk lans'k 
fn;kA mudk ekuuk Fkk fd v¡xzst+ksa dh neudkjh uhfr ls vPNk gS 
fd ge ekr`Hkwfe osQ dke vk losQaA 
mUgksaus dgk gS fd x+qykeh ls Hkyk ns'k dh mÂfr oSQls laHko 
gS& ¶ikjra=;kfHkHkwrL; ns'kL;kH;qn;% oqQr%\**
,sls Lora=krk ls Hkjs fopkjksa us rRdkyhu lekt dks >d>ksjkA 
laLÑr osQ cgqr ls jpukdkjksa us paæ'ks•j vkt+kn osQ ;ksxnku dks 
js•kafdr djrs gq, lans'k fn;k fd paæ'ks•j dh Hkk¡fr vki Hkh 
vkt+kn cusaA ,sls gh ,d ifjp; esa vkt+kn dgrs gSa& ^^esjk uke 
vkt+kn gSA firk dk uke Lora=k vkSj fuokl dkjkx`g gSA** ,sls 
fuHkhZd vkSj LokfHkekuh opuksa us U;k;kèkh'k dks Hkh vk'p;Zpfdr 
dj fn;k FkkA ,d pfpZr Økafrdkjh osQ :i esa paæ'ks•j vkt+kn 
Lo;a okjk.klh fLFkr laU;klh laLÑr egkfo|ky; osQ Nk=k Fks rHkh 
ls os Lora=krk osQ bl egklej esa owQn iM+s FksA os ek=k 12 o"kZ dh 
NksVh vk;q esa gh laLÑr vè;;u gsrq vk, vkSj ns'k lsok esa vius 
vkidks lefiZr dj fn;kA oSfnd fo}ku~ lkroysdj th dks oSfnd 
vkSj jk‘ªh;rk ls vksrçksr çdkf'kr ys[k ds dkj.k Øksfèkr gq, v¡xzst+ksa 
us mUgsa lkr o"kZ osQ dBksj dkjkokl dh ltk lqukbZ Fkh rks Hkh fcuk 
fopfyr gq, os ns'k lsok esa yxs jgsA 
laLÑr jpukdkjksa ls çHkkfor gksdj rRdkyhu xq#oqQyh; 
ijEijk osQ rgr vè;;u djus okys laLÑr egkfo|ky;ksa osQ Nk=kksa 
us mYys•uh; ;ksxnku fn;kA gfj}kj xq#oqQy ls tqM+s lkroysdj 
th Lo;a Lora=krk dh Økafrdkjh xfrfofèk;ksa ls Nk=kksa osQ lkFk 
tqM+dj jkԻ lsok dj jgs FksA jkԻh; tkxj.k osQ vxznwr ,oa jkԻh; 
f'k{kk osQ vejiqjksèkk yksdekU; cky xaxkèkj fryd us osQljh i=k 
esa ^ns'kL; nqHkkZX;a vkSj bes mik;k% u LFkkf;u%* tSls çHkkoh ys•ksa 
osQ dkj.k mUgsa v¡xzst+ksa us Ng o"kZ osQ fy, czekZ ns'kh; ekaMys 
uked dkjkokl Hkst fn;k FkkA dkjkokl esa riLoh thou O;rhr 
djrs gq, mUgksaus fo'o foJqr ^xhrk jgL;* uked xhrk Hkk"; 
fy•kA ^LojkT; esjk tUefl¼ vfèkdkj gS vkSj eSa bls ysdj 
gh jgw¡xkA* ,slh n`<+rkiwoZd mfDr dh ohj èofu xk¡o&xk¡o vkSj 
uxj&uxj esa iSQy pqdh FkhA ,sls jk‘ª HkDrksa ij vkèkkfjr laLÑr 
okÄe; us muosQ ;ksxnku dks viuh ohj 
jl ls vksrçksr jpukvksa ls vtj vej 
cuk fn;kA mYys•uh; gS fd cky xaxkèkj 
fryd dh Lej.kkatfy osQ :i esa 1956 
bZ- esa fryd dh tUe 'krkCnh eukbZ xbZ 
Fkh] ftlesa fryd osQ thou ij vkèkkfjr 
cgqr ls laLÑr ys•dksa us muosQ Lokra=; 
;ksxnku dks js•kafdr fd;k FkkA 
iafMr vafcdknr O;kl fojfpr 
^f'kojkt fot;e~* uked miU;kl esa 
egkjkt f'kokth osQ ekè;e ls Lora=krk dk 
fcxqy ctk;k gSA v¡xzst+ksa dh eRL; uhfr 
,oa neu ls turk esa ?kqVu vkSj vkØks'k 
c<+ jgk FkkA vr% ijkèkhu Hkkjr dh dld iafMr O;kl th dh 
jpukvksa esa >ydrh gS&
¶gk Hkkjr! fde~ yq.BoSQjso eks{;lsA gk lukru èkeZ foaQ 
foy;eso ;kL;flA dk;± ok lkèk;s;a nsga ok ikr;s;a** (d:axk ;k 
e:axk) dh çfrKk djus okys egkjkt f'kokth us vius dks n`<+ 
çfrKk dk :i lkFkZd dj fn•k;kA 
bl dM+h esa gjnksbZ mÙkj çns'k osQ eFkqjk çlkn nhf{kr us 
Hkkjr fot;e~ ukVd osQ ekè;e ls Lokra=; dk 'ka•ukn iwQadkA 
Lora=krk ls tqM+s bl ukVd dks v¡xzst+ksa us t+Cr dj fy;k FkkA 
Lokra=;ohj fouk;d nkeksnj lkojdj dh jpuk ^dkyk ik.kh* 
esa Lora=krk nsoh dks lacksfèkr dj mUgsa ç.kke djrs gq, muosQ 
;'kksxku vkSj ns'k dh eaxy dkeuk osQ lkFk viuh vkjafHkd iafDr 
laLÑr esa gh fy•h Fkh&
¶LorU=krs Hkxofr Rokega ;'kks;qrka oUnsA 
t;ks¿Lrq rs JhegUeaXys f'kokLins 'kqHknsAA**
blh  Ük`a•yk esa MkW- Jhèkj HkkLdj o.kZsdj us Hkh Lokra=;ohj 
fouk;d nkeksnj lkojdj th osQ Lokra=; ;ksxnku ij vkèkkfjr 
fouk;d oSt;arh (1956bZ-) esa fy•h FkhA Jhèkj HkkLdj th dk 
68 lxkZsa esa foHkDr f'kojkT;ksn; egkdkO; esa f'kokth osQ gkFkksa 
LojkT; LFkkiuk] {kk=k èkeZ o ikjra=; eqfDr tSls i{kksa dks cM+s lqUnj 
<ax ls mosQjk x;k gSA Jhèkj o.kZsdj dk ^foosdkuan fot;a* çfl¼ 
ukVd gSA 
laLÑr osQ jpukdkjksa us cky xaxkèkj fryd] ykyk 
yktir jk;] fcfiu paæ iky] lqHkk"k paæ cksl] ykSg iq#"k 
ljnkj oYyHkHkkbZ iVsy] ohj lkojdj] y{eh ckbZ] rkR;k Vksis] 
'kghn Hkxr flag] paæ'ks•j vkt+kn] Lokeh foosdkuan] egkRek 
xk¡èkh] N=kifr f'kokth] cafde paæ pV~Vksikè;k;] egkjk.kk çrki] 
i`Fohjkt pkSgku] enu eksgu ekyoh;] eaxy ikaMs o vjfoan ?kks"k 
tSls cgqr ls jk‘ª HkDrksa ij viuh jpuk,¡ jphaA bu ns'kHkDrksa us 
Lokra=; dh j.kHksjh esa viuk vfoLej.kh; ;ksxnku fn;kA ,sls 
gh vej jkԻ uk;dksa osQ lkFk&lkFk mu cfynkuh ohjksa dh 'kkS;Z 
xkFkkvksa dks Hkh viuh jpukvksa esa xwaFkk gS ftUgksaus fuLokFkZ Hkko 
ls viuh ekr`Hkwfe osQ fy, v¡xzst+h gqowQer dh u tkus fdruh 
;kruk,¡ lgh FkhaA ,sls dky•aM esa Lora=krk ls :c: djokrh 
vla[; jpuk,¡ jph xbZ FkhaA 
laLÑr dh ç[;kr dof;=kh iafMrk 
{kek jko egksn;k us lR;kxzg xhrk 
(çFke laLdj.k 1932 esa isfjl ls 
çdkf'kr rFkk f}rh; laLdj.k 1956 
bZLoh esa eqacbZ ls çdkf'kr) rFkk mÙkj 
lR;kxzg xhrk (1948 esa çdkf'kr) 
esa ns'k dh Lora=krk] ekr`Hkwfe dh 
j{kk ,oa laLÑr lekt esa Lora=krk 
dk lans'k fn;kA
;kstuk] vxLr 2022 45
;Fkk& èkeZnso fo|kokpLifr dh egkiq#"k dhrZue~ (1959 
bZ- esa Tokykiqj ls çdkf'kr)] lqçfl¼ fo}ku ikaMqjax 'kkÐh dh 
lR;kxzg dFkk] xksoèkZu ihB osQ Jh Hkkjrh Ñ".k rhFkZ th us 
tsy ;k=kk,¡ lghaA Hkkjrh; Lora=krk laxzke osQ eguh; bfrgkl 
dks xyxyh ia<jhukFk vkpk;Z us iw.kZ dj Lora=krk dh e'kky 
tykbZA ,slk mYys• [;kr laLÑr fo}ku~ nsof"kZ dykukFk 'kkÐh 
us vius ys•ksa esa fd;k gSA blh çdkj Lora=krk lsukuh iafMr nqxkZ 
nÙk f=kikBh us ^j.kHksjh* uked if=kdk dk Jhx.ks'k fd;kA ^o;a 
jk‘ªs tkx`;ke% iqjksfgrk* tSls 'kkS;Z opuksa dks lkFkZd fl¼ fd;kA 
mUgksaus ^>aMk Å¡pk jgs gekjk* dh rtZ ij laLÑr esa ^èotks èkw;rka 
èkeZ jk‘ªL; yksosQ* dh ltZuk dhA lR;nso of'k’ Lo;a Lora=krk 
vkanksyu ls tqM+s Fks] ftUgksaus 1958 bZLoh esa lR;kxzg uhfr dkO; 
dh jpuk dh FkhA rRdkyhu laLÑr dkWyst osQ Nk=kksa us jk‘ª lsok 
osQ fy, fuLokFkZ Hkko ls viuk ;ksxnku fn;kA t;iqj esa çtkeaMy 
dh LFkkiuk dj Lokra=; T;ksfr dh vy• txkbZA ftls iafMr 
ghjkyky 'kkÐh o iafMr fcgkjh yky 'kkÐh tSls dbZ fo}kuksa us 
vius Jety ls lhapkA ckalokM+k osQ laLÑr lsoh vkSj Lora=krk 
lsukuh iafMr iÂkyky tks'kh tSls cgqr ls laLÑr lsodksa o jk‘ª 
HkDrksa dk ;ksxnku vaduh; gSA Hkkjr dh ;g ohj riksHkwfe dfo;ksa 
vkSj 'kwjohjksa dh çlfo=kh Hkh gSA 
 tSlk fd dgk Hkh gS&
¶lqo.kZ iq"ika i`Foha fpUofUr iq#"kkÐ;%A 
 'kwj'p Ñrfo|L; ;'p tkukfe lsforqe~AA**
dk'kh osQ laLÑr fo|kihBksa dk rks bl vkanksyu esa lnk 
fpjLej.kh; ;ksxnku cuk gh jgsxkA blh Hkk¡fr t;iqj dk egkjkt 
laLÑr dkWyst vkSj ns'k osQ vU; laLÑr dkystksa osQ Nk=k oxZ us Hkh 
bl fn'kk esa egRoiw.kZ dk;Z fd;k FkkA iafMr oS|ukFk 'kkÐh tSls u tkus 
fdrus gh fo}ku Fks ftUgksaus Lora=krk osQ fy, viuk ;ksxnku fn;kA 'kkÐh 
tSls fo}kuksa us ns'k dh vkt+knh osQ fy, fgeky; dh xqiQkvksa ls ysdj 
u tkus dgk¡&dgk¡ tkdj ;k=kk,¡ dj lekt dks txkus dk dk;Z fd;kA 
iafMr f'konÙk 'kqDy] iafMr t; jke 'kkÐh us dbZ ckj tsy ;kruk,¡ 
lghaA ^jk‘ª dkO; ve`re* (1956 bZLoh esa çdkf'kr) tSlh jpukvksa 
osQ jpf;rk iafMr çHkq nÙk 'kkÐh] ^jk‘ªok.kh* (1952 bZLoh esa vkjk 
fcgkj ls çdkf'kr) osQ jpf;rk iafMr jke ukFk ikBd vkfn us Hkh 
vkt+knh ls tqM+h oSfoè;ijd jpuk,¡ jphaA 
laLÑr jpukdkjksa dh  Ük`a•yk esa iafMr cVqdukFk 'kkÐhÑr 
ckaXykns'k fot;] jfrukFk >k Ñr ohj rjafx.kh] Hkk.Mkj=;Ecd 
'kkÐh dk Lokeh foosdkuan pfjre] gfjnÙk ikyhoky dk Hkxr 
flag pfjre~] 'ka•ukn vIik 'kkÐh jkf'koMsdj dk i×tjc¼ 'kqd% 
ftldk vuqokn jkԻdfo eSfFkyh'kj.k xqIr us Hkh fd;k FkkA bl 
jpuk esa fiatjs esa oSQn gq, 'kqd osQ ekè;e ls ijra=krk dh ihM+k dks 
vkèkkj cuk;k x;k gSA mUgksaus rRdkyhu laLÑr pafædk (1905 bZ-) 
esa v¡xzst+ksa osQ }kjk fd, tk jgs vU;k; osQ fojksèk esa •wc fy•kA 
,sls esa mUgksaus v¡xzst+ksa dh cgqr&lh ;kruk,¡ lgha rks Hkh os laLÑr 
pafædk esa ns'k dh Lora=krk osQ fy, dk;Z djrs jgsA 
 fcgkj osQ iafMr tkudh oYyHk 'kkÐh] egkohj çlkn tks'kh]  
}kjdk çlkn f=kikBh rFkk blh çdkj vf•ykuan 'kekZ fojfpr 
n;kuan fnfXot;a (1906 bZ-)] jekdkar mikè;k; Ñr n;kuan 
pfjre~] Jhfuokl rkMi=khdj fojfpr xk¡èkh xhrk •aMdkO; ogha 
tksèkiqj osQ vkse~ ckck osQ uke ls fo[;kr iafMr xksihÑ ".k O;kl us 
^v¡xzst+ks Hkkjr NksM+ks vkanksyu 1942* esa tsy ;k=kk,¡ lgh FkhaA vkse~ 
ckck osQ thou ij ohj lkojdj dh Nki Li‘r% fn•kbZ nsrh gSA 
laLÑr dkWyst t;iqj osQ rRdkyhu çkpk;Z iafMr paæ'ks•j 'kkÐh tks 
ckn esa txn~xq# Jh fujatu nso rhFkZ osQ uke ls tkus x,A bl dM+h 
esa Lokeh djik=kh th egkjkt tSls fo}kuksa dk ;ksxnku foLe`r ugha 
fd;k tk ldrkA laLÑr jRukdj vkSj ckn esa Hkkjrh laLÑr if=kdk 
osQ laiknd jgs HkV`Jh eFkqjkukFk 'kkÐh us i`Fohjkt ikS#"ka] flag nqxZs 
flag fo;ksx% ,oa lkear laxzke% tSlh ohjrk iw.kZ dFkk,¡ jpha lkFk 
gh Lora=krk ls vksrçksr jpukvksa ls lekt dks ubZ fn'kk nhA dfo 
dh Hkkjr foHkktu :ih osnuk oqQN ;w¡ iwQV iM+h gS&
Hkkjrfenefr fpjkr~ iqjkHkwr~ iw.kZ Lora=kaA 
tksèkiqj osQ iafMr Jh jke nos us u osQoy laLÑr ltZuk gh 
dh cfYd vkanksyu ls Hkh tqM+sA chdkusj osQ iafMr iQkYxqu HkV~V us 
t; Hkkjrkn'kZ paiw dkO; dh jpuk dh ogha Hkkjrh t;iqj osQ çcaèk 
laiknd jgs Jh fxfjjkt 'kkÐh nknk us jk‘ª lsok osQ fy, tsy ;k=kk,¡ 
lgha rFkk laLÑr lsok osQ fy, Lo;a dks lefiZr fd;kA 
blh çdkj iafMr fo".kq nÙk 'kqDy us vlg;ksx vkanksyu osQ 
lkFk Lokra=; ls vksrçksr jpukvksa ls ;qokvksa esa tks'k HkjkA jk‘ªosn 
osQ jpf;rk iafMr uoy fd'kksj dkadj] nsodhuanu 'kekZ Ñr 
jkԻHkDriapde~ lfgr dbZ fganh dfo osQ :i esa tkus tkus okys 
ukxktZqu us Hkh laLÑr jpukvksa ls Lora=krk osQ fy, ;qok ih<+h dks 
vius lans'kksa ls jk‘ª lsok osQ fy, çsfjr fd;kA fganh esa ^mlus dgk 
Fkk* dh çfl¼ jpuk osQ jpukdkj iafMr paæèkj 'kekZ xqysjh us Hkh 
laLÑr esa Lokra=; ls tqM+h jpuk,¡ jphaA mUgksaus çFke fo'o;q¼ dks 
y{; dj fy•k gS& 
èkekZ; ;qè;fr pewuZ`itktZ HkDrkA 
rL;S t;a ije dk#f.koaQ ç;PNAA
iafMr enu eksgu ekyoh; osQ vkns'k ij mUgksaus 1920 ls 
1922 rd fganw fo'ofo|ky; esa laLÑr vè;kiu dk dk;Z Hkh 
fd;k FkkA lu~ 1905 esa çdkf'kr ^lekykspd* i=k esa xqysjh th 
us fy•k gS fd fons'kh dh vis{kk Lons'kh mÙke gSA vFkkZr~ fons'kh 
oLrqvksa dh gksyh tyus ij gh gesa eks{k çkfIr laHko gSA tSlk fd 
mUgksaus fy•k gS&
fons'koLrqfueZqfDr%dFka es L;kRdnk foèksA 
bfr ;k lqn`<k cqf¼oZDrO;k lk eqeq{krkAA 
foèkq 'ks•j HkV~Vkpk;Z (Hkkjr Hkwfe%] mn~cksèkua vkfn)] egknso 
'kkÐh] MkW osadVjk?kou (LojkT; osQrq%) jke Ñ".k HkV~V (Lokra=; 
T;ksfr%) ihyhHkhr esa iSnk gq, vkSj dk'kh ls vè;;u dj jk‘ª lsok 
esa yxs laLÑr lsoh {ksekuUn ftUgsa ckn esa Hkxornkl Lokeh osQ 
uke ls tkuk x;kA blh Hkk¡fr gfjnkl fl¼kar okxh'k dk f'kokth 
pfjre~ lfgr ,slh vla[; jpuk,¡ jph xbZ gSaA bl çdkj osQ xr 
,d 'krkCnh esa cgqr ls çdk'ku gekjs lkeus vk, gSaA jktLFkku 
laLÑr vdkneh dk ^Lokra=; lg;ksfxu%* xzaFk tSlh dbZ jpuk,¡ 
mYys•uh; gSaA osQ'ko xksikyÑr fryd lkSHkkX;a] ;equk nÙk 'kkÐh 
dk ohj rjaxjaxe~] f'ko xksfoan f=kikBhÑr xk¡èkh xkSjoa] dk'kh ukFk 
ikaMs; paæekSfy ç.khr Jhen~ tokgj;'kksfot;a] blh çdkj ckaXykns'k 
46 ;kstuk] vxLr 2022
fot;e~] çrki flagh;e~] çrki flag pfjre~] èkU;k ees;a èkjk] 
laèkkue~] Hkkfr esa Hkkjre] Hkkjrh; jRu pfjre~] Lokra=; T;ksfr%] 
eèkqi.khZ] xk¡èkh xkSjoe~] ysfuuke`re~ lfgr cgqr&lh Lora=krk ls 
vksrçksr jpuk,¡ vaduh; gSaA 
Hkkjr ljdkj osQ çdk'ku foHkkx us fganh Hkk"kk esa ^Hkxr flag% 
vf}rh; O;fDrRo* dk pkj •aMksa esa Lrjh; çdk'ku fd;k gSA 
blh çdkj egkRek xk¡èkh lfgr vU; vkt+knh osQ Økafrdkfj;ksa o 
Lokèkhurk lsukfu;ksa osQ xzaFk laxzg.kh; gSaA 
oLrqr% Lokra=; gh rks gekjs lq•] vkuan vkSj mYykl dk 
egkioZ gSA ogha x+qykeh egku ladV dk&
¶Lokra=; ijea lq•a ikjra=;a egn~ nq%•aA**
ml dky•aM esa laLÑr i=kdkfjrk us Hkh Lora=krk dh e'kky 
tykbZA 1832 bZLoh esa caxky dh jk;y ,f'k;kfVd lkslk;Vh dh 
'kksèk if=kdk çdkf'kr gqbZ] ftlesa v¡xzst+h ,oa laLÑr nksuksa Hkk"kkvksa 
osQ ys• gksrs Fks foaQrq laLÑr dh loZçFke if=kdk 1866 bZLoh esa  
okjk.klh ls ^dk'kh fo|k lqèkk fufèk (1866&1917)* if=kdk çdkf'kr 
gqbZ rFkk 1893 esa caxky ls ^laLÑr pafædk* uked if=kdk çdkf'kr 
gqbZA t;iqj] jktLFkku ls ^laLÑr jRukdj* uked ekfld if=kdk dk 
Jhx.ks'k 1904 esa çkjaHk gksdj 1949 rd pykA bl if=kdk dk eè; 
esa volku Hkh gqvk vkSj fHkÂ&fHk LFkkuksa ls 1949 rd çdk'ku Hkh 
gqvkA dkykarj esa ;gh i=k vf•y Hkkjrh; laLÑr lkfgR; lEesyu 
dk eq•i=k cukA ml nkSjku ns'k osQ fofHk LFkkuksa ls lqu`rokfnuh] 
eatwHkkf"k.kh] laLÑr lkosQre~] laLÑre~] nsook.kh] eatw"kk] vej Hkkjrh] 
lw;kZsn; o lqçHkkre~ tSlh dbZ if=kdk,¡ fpjLej.kh; dgh tk ldrh 
gSaA blh çdkj ls dbZ vU; if=kdkvksa vkSj buosQ laikndksa dk ;ksxnku 
Hkh foLe`r ugha fd;k tk ldrkA                         n
lanHkZ
1- uy pEiw
2- rSfÙkjh;ksifu"kn~
3- n;kuan fnfXot; egkdkO;e~
4- mÙkj lR;kxzg xhrk
5- xhrk jgL;
6- xk¡èkh xkSjoe~ 
7- Hkkjr fot;a ukVde~ 
8- f'kojktfot;e~
9- f'kojkT;ksn; egkdkO;e~
10- paæ'ks•j vkt+kn
11- Lokra=; lg;ksfxu
12- 'kqØ uhfr
13- egkHkkjr ou ioZ
14- jktLFkku osQ laLÑr Ñfrdkj
15- e×twukFk xzaFkkofy (1&5)
16- paæèkj 'kekZ xqysjh
17- fo|kèkj xzaFkkofy
18- lkfgR; eankfduh 
19- uhfr'krde~
20- dFkk e×tjh
;kstuk] vxLr 2022 47
xksfyd bdkbZ gksus ds ckotwn] bZLV bafM;k daiuh ds 
vkxeu ls igys] Hkkjr ds ckf'kanksaa esa jk"Vªokn dh 
Hkkouk dh deh Fkh vkSj og lewps Hkkjr dks ugha 
cfYd vius fjgkb'kh jkT;ksa dks gh viuk ns'k ekurs FksA ml nkSjku 
Hkkjr esa Ng lkS ls vfèkd fj;klr FksA eqx+y lkezkT; ds ckn 
vkSj daiuh ds izR;{k@ijks{k n[k+y ls] Hkkjrh; fj;klrsa daiuh dh 
dwVuhfr vkSj lSU;'kfDr dk f'kdkj gksrh pyh xbZ] ftldk urhtk 
Hkkjr esa fczfV'k 'kklu ds :Ik esa lkeus vk;kA
1857 ds izFke Lora=krk laxzke ls dgha igys] o+Qkuwu&O;oLFkk] 
O;kid Hkz"Vkpkj vkSj fpjdkfyd ekuoh; ewY;ksa esa fxjkoV ds 
ckjs esa mnwZ ds 'kk;j viuh ukjkt+xh tkfgj djrs vk, FksA mUgksaus 
^'kgj&,&vk'kksc* dh jpuk uk fliQZ rRdkyhu lkekftd&jktuhfrd 
t+ehuh lPpkbZ dks ntZ djus ds fy,] cfYd ml le; ds LFkk;h 
jktuhfrd gkykr ds lacaèk esa viuh ukjkt+xh ntZ djkus ds fy, 
dh FkhA 'kkg gkfre] v'kjiQ+ vyh iqQxk¡] eksgEen jiQh lkSnk] 
ehj rd+h ehj tSls 'kk;jksa }kjk d+yec¼ 'kgj&,&vk'kksc us 
fcxM+rs fl;klh gkykr vkSj jktxfí;ksa ij cSBs jtokM+ksa dh dM+h 
vkykspuk FkhA
1857 ls ,d lnh igys] 'kkg vkye f}rh;] ehj d+kfle vkSj 
ot+hj&,&voèk 'kqtk&mn~&nkSyk dh 1757 dh yM+kbZ esa vkSj 1799 
HkkS
ys[kd iatkc ;wfuoflZVh esa vk/qfud lkfgR; ds izksisQlj vkSj paMhx<+ ,dsMeh vkWiQ ysVlZ ds vè;{k gSaA bZesy% dr.naresh.chd@gmail.com
mnwZ vnc dh Hkwfedk
MkW ujs'k
esa JhjaxiV~V.ke esa Vhiw lqYrku dh gkj vkSj ekSr ds ckn] mnwZ 
'kk;jh esa jk"Vªokn vkdkj ysus yxk FkkA ml oDr dh dbZ dforkvksa 
esa Vhiw lqYrku dh ekSr ij viQlksl trk;k x;k FkkA
1857 ds igys Lora=krk la?k"kZ mFky&iqFky ls Hkjk Fkk D;ksafd 
mlus daiuh }kjk LFkkuh; m|ksxksa dks cckZn djus vkSj ;gk¡ ds 
èkkfeZd ekeyksa esa NsM+NkM+ ds iz;kl fd, x, Fks] ftl ij mnwZ 
'kk;jksa dk xqLlk iwQVk FkkA v¡xzst+ksa ds gkFkksa Hkkjrh; Øk¡frdkfj;ksa 
dh gkj ds ckn cnys vkSj u`'kal gR;kvksa dk nkSj #d x;k FkkA 
vkRe&cfynku ds fy, fgEer vkSj cgknqjh ds tT+cs dks mdsjus 
okyh 'kk;jh fy[kus okys dbZ 'kk;jksa dks v¡xzst+ksa us iQk¡lh ij 
yVdk;k FkkA buesa jghe&mn~&nhu btkn] t+iQj;kc jlh[k nsgyoh] 
x+t+uiQj lbZn] vt+ht+ nsgyh] lq:j xqjxkuoh] x;klqn~nhu 'kjj] 
d+ej&mn~&nhu 'kkbnk] gknh lEckyh vkSj bLekby iQkSd ds lkFk 
dbZ vU; FksA
badykch 'kk;jh ugha djus okys dbZ vU; dfo Hkh v¡xzst++ksa ds 
f[kykiQ tax ds eSnku esa dwns FksA tujy c[+r [kku ds lkFk vt+ht+ 
eksjknkcknh us Hkh eSnkus&tax esa viuh ryokj Hkkath FkhA v¡xzst++ksa ds 
f[kykiQ eSnkus&tax esa ljt+eh dh vku ds fy, vt+ht+ ds ckn 
#lok cnk;w¡uh uked ,d vU; mnwZ 'kk;j us Hkh viuh tku nh FkhA
19oha lnh ds var esa Lora=krk vfHk;ku dh ljijLr ds rkSj 
t'u&,&vkt+knh