Yojana Magazine August 2024 - 1 | Current Affairs & Hindu Analysis: Daily, Weekly & Monthly - UPSC PDF Download

 Page 1


Dawn of 
F r eedom
August 2024 A development monthly 
Special iSSue
Page 2


Dawn of 
F r eedom
August 2024 A development monthly 
Special iSSue
August 2024
A DEVELOPMENT MONTHLY Let noble thoughts come to us from all sides.
Rig Veda
www.publicationsdivision.nic.in @DPD_India I @YojanaJournal @publicationsdivision @dpd_india
In ThIs Issue
number of pages: 72
Cover Art Credits on Page 17
Details of the Sales Outlets of the Publications Division on Page 52
YOJANA is published in Assamese, Bengali, English, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Odia, 
Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu, and Urdu.
Since 1957
Chief editor 
Kulshrestha Kamal
editor 
shuchita chaturvedi
our represent Atives 
Ahmedabad: JS Patel, Bengaluru: Shahid T Komath, 
Bhubaneswar: Manoj Kumar Jali, Chennai: Sanjay 
Ghosh, Guwahati: Maruf Alam, Hyderabad: 
Krishna Vandana P , Jalandhar: Gagandeep Kaur 
Devgan, Kolkata: Sumita Chakraborty, Mumbai: 
Sangeeta Godbole, Thiruvananthapuram: Sudha S 
Namboothiry.
Joint Director, ProDuction 
D K C hruDhAInATh
c over Design
GAjAnAn P DhoPe
Yojana (english): Room No. 647, Soochna Bhawan, 
CGO Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110 003.  
e-mail (editorial): sec-yojanaeng-moib@gov.in
YOJANA, a development monthly published since 
1957, is a theme-based journal providing in-depth 
analyses and views on socio-economic issues in 
the broader framework of government policies. 
Although published by the Ministry of Information 
and Broadcasting, YOJANA is not restricted to 
expressing the official point of view.
DIsCLAIMer
l 	 The 	 vie ws 	 e xpre sse d 	 in 	 various 	 articles 	 are	
those 	 of 	 the 	 authors 	 and 	 the y 	 do 	 not 	 ne c essarily	
re flect 	 the 	 vie ws 	 of 	 the 	 Go vernme n t 	 or 	 the	
organisation/ s 	 the y 	 work 	 f or .
l Map s/flags 	 use d 	 in 	 the 	 article s 	 are 	 only 	 indic ative 	
and 	 the y 	 do 	 not 	 re flect 	 the 	 politic al 	 map 	 or 	 le gal	
re presen t ation 	 of 	 the 	 flag 	 of 	 India/an y 	 othe r	
c oun try .
l The 	 inf ographics/figure s 	 are 	 pro vide d 	 b y 	 the	
authors 	 through 	 the ir 	 re liable 	 sourc e s 	 and	
YOJANA 	 claims 	 no 	 re sponsibility 	 f or 	 the 	 same.
l Image s, 	 graphics 	 and 	 illus trations, 	 whe re ve r	
use d, 	 are 	 mos tly 	 sourc ed 	 from 	 go vernme n t	
channels 	 and 	 are 	 indic ative 	 in 	 nature .
l YOJANA 	does 	not 	o wn 	re sponsibility 	re garding	
the 	 c on t e n ts 	 of 	 the 	 adve rtise men ts. 	 The 	 re aders	
are 	 re que s t e d 	 t o 	 ve rify 	 the 	 claims 	 made 	 in 	 the	
adve rtise men ts 	 re garding 	 c ourse s, 	 c are e r -
guidanc e 	 book s 	 or 	 ins titutions.
l YOJANA doesn't	 endorse	 or	 promot e	 an y	
brands	 or	 privat e	 en tities	 presen t ed	 as	 c ase	
s tudies	in	an y	of	the	articles.
suB sCrIPTIon/GrIeVAnCes
email: pdjucir@gmail.com 
Phone: 011-24367453  
(Monday-Friday, 9:30 am- 6:00 pm)
Postal Address: Abhishek Chaturvedi, Editor, 
Journals Unit, Publications Division, Room No. 
779, Soochna Bhawan, CGO Complex, Lodhi 
Road, New Delhi-110 003.
Please	 not e	 that	 it	 will	 t ak e	 atleas t	 eigh t	 week s	 t o	
s t art	 your	 sub scrip tion.	 Kindly	 raise	 your	 queries/
grie vanc es	 about	 non	 rec eip t	 of	 the	 journals	 only	
aft er	this	period.
28
31
suBsCrIPTIon-reLATeD DeTAILs : Page 60
cellular Jail 
the saga of resistance 
Amit Roy
rani abbaKKa 
the unyielding guardian of 
sovereignty and Justice 
Dr Tukaram Poojary 
Dr Ashalatha Suvarna
glorious guards of  
freedom from guJarat 
a tale often untold 
Utsav Parmar
Jambudweep proclamation 
Dr M Rajendran
K Kelappan: a dedicated 
freedom fighter and a 
stalwart social reformer 
Ajith Venniyoor
6
14
19
24
37
43
47
49
54
61
67
our booKs history of the freedom 
movement in india untold stories of the  
freedom struggle from  
northeast india next issue : union budget
gandhian influence on   
freedom struggle in  
telugu region 
Dr Nagasuri Venugopal
celluloid patriotism 
Anuja Avinash Chaulkar 
contribution of  
indian languages to the 
freedom movement 
K Sreenivasarao
youth consciousness for  
freedom in bengal 
Rabi Ranjan Sen
india’s commitment towards 
tb-muKt bharat 
Dr Manisha Verma
india’s strategic engagement  
in the south china sea 
Dr SS Bindra 
Devina Singh
YOJANA
Volume-68
No. 08
speciAl issue
Page 3


Dawn of 
F r eedom
August 2024 A development monthly 
Special iSSue
August 2024
A DEVELOPMENT MONTHLY Let noble thoughts come to us from all sides.
Rig Veda
www.publicationsdivision.nic.in @DPD_India I @YojanaJournal @publicationsdivision @dpd_india
In ThIs Issue
number of pages: 72
Cover Art Credits on Page 17
Details of the Sales Outlets of the Publications Division on Page 52
YOJANA is published in Assamese, Bengali, English, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Odia, 
Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu, and Urdu.
Since 1957
Chief editor 
Kulshrestha Kamal
editor 
shuchita chaturvedi
our represent Atives 
Ahmedabad: JS Patel, Bengaluru: Shahid T Komath, 
Bhubaneswar: Manoj Kumar Jali, Chennai: Sanjay 
Ghosh, Guwahati: Maruf Alam, Hyderabad: 
Krishna Vandana P , Jalandhar: Gagandeep Kaur 
Devgan, Kolkata: Sumita Chakraborty, Mumbai: 
Sangeeta Godbole, Thiruvananthapuram: Sudha S 
Namboothiry.
Joint Director, ProDuction 
D K C hruDhAInATh
c over Design
GAjAnAn P DhoPe
Yojana (english): Room No. 647, Soochna Bhawan, 
CGO Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110 003.  
e-mail (editorial): sec-yojanaeng-moib@gov.in
YOJANA, a development monthly published since 
1957, is a theme-based journal providing in-depth 
analyses and views on socio-economic issues in 
the broader framework of government policies. 
Although published by the Ministry of Information 
and Broadcasting, YOJANA is not restricted to 
expressing the official point of view.
DIsCLAIMer
l 	 The 	 vie ws 	 e xpre sse d 	 in 	 various 	 articles 	 are	
those 	 of 	 the 	 authors 	 and 	 the y 	 do 	 not 	 ne c essarily	
re flect 	 the 	 vie ws 	 of 	 the 	 Go vernme n t 	 or 	 the	
organisation/ s 	 the y 	 work 	 f or .
l Map s/flags 	 use d 	 in 	 the 	 article s 	 are 	 only 	 indic ative 	
and 	 the y 	 do 	 not 	 re flect 	 the 	 politic al 	 map 	 or 	 le gal	
re presen t ation 	 of 	 the 	 flag 	 of 	 India/an y 	 othe r	
c oun try .
l The 	 inf ographics/figure s 	 are 	 pro vide d 	 b y 	 the	
authors 	 through 	 the ir 	 re liable 	 sourc e s 	 and	
YOJANA 	 claims 	 no 	 re sponsibility 	 f or 	 the 	 same.
l Image s, 	 graphics 	 and 	 illus trations, 	 whe re ve r	
use d, 	 are 	 mos tly 	 sourc ed 	 from 	 go vernme n t	
channels 	 and 	 are 	 indic ative 	 in 	 nature .
l YOJANA 	does 	not 	o wn 	re sponsibility 	re garding	
the 	 c on t e n ts 	 of 	 the 	 adve rtise men ts. 	 The 	 re aders	
are 	 re que s t e d 	 t o 	 ve rify 	 the 	 claims 	 made 	 in 	 the	
adve rtise men ts 	 re garding 	 c ourse s, 	 c are e r -
guidanc e 	 book s 	 or 	 ins titutions.
l YOJANA doesn't	 endorse	 or	 promot e	 an y	
brands	 or	 privat e	 en tities	 presen t ed	 as	 c ase	
s tudies	in	an y	of	the	articles.
suB sCrIPTIon/GrIeVAnCes
email: pdjucir@gmail.com 
Phone: 011-24367453  
(Monday-Friday, 9:30 am- 6:00 pm)
Postal Address: Abhishek Chaturvedi, Editor, 
Journals Unit, Publications Division, Room No. 
779, Soochna Bhawan, CGO Complex, Lodhi 
Road, New Delhi-110 003.
Please	 not e	 that	 it	 will	 t ak e	 atleas t	 eigh t	 week s	 t o	
s t art	 your	 sub scrip tion.	 Kindly	 raise	 your	 queries/
grie vanc es	 about	 non	 rec eip t	 of	 the	 journals	 only	
aft er	this	period.
28
31
suBsCrIPTIon-reLATeD DeTAILs : Page 60
cellular Jail 
the saga of resistance 
Amit Roy
rani abbaKKa 
the unyielding guardian of 
sovereignty and Justice 
Dr Tukaram Poojary 
Dr Ashalatha Suvarna
glorious guards of  
freedom from guJarat 
a tale often untold 
Utsav Parmar
Jambudweep proclamation 
Dr M Rajendran
K Kelappan: a dedicated 
freedom fighter and a 
stalwart social reformer 
Ajith Venniyoor
6
14
19
24
37
43
47
49
54
61
67
our booKs history of the freedom 
movement in india untold stories of the  
freedom struggle from  
northeast india next issue : union budget
gandhian influence on   
freedom struggle in  
telugu region 
Dr Nagasuri Venugopal
celluloid patriotism 
Anuja Avinash Chaulkar 
contribution of  
indian languages to the 
freedom movement 
K Sreenivasarao
youth consciousness for  
freedom in bengal 
Rabi Ranjan Sen
india’s commitment towards 
tb-muKt bharat 
Dr Manisha Verma
india’s strategic engagement  
in the south china sea 
Dr SS Bindra 
Devina Singh
YOJANA
Volume-68
No. 08
speciAl issue
5 August 2024
Legends Untold: Rediscovering India’s  
Unknown Freedom Fighters
Editorial
YOJANA
i
n the fabric of india’s history, the concept of Kartavya Kaal emerges as a 
poignant reminder of the duty and commitment that defined the actions 
of lesser-known freedom fighters. t heir selflessness and sacrifice during 
the struggle for independence resonate with a timeless call to acknowledge 
our responsibilities towards the nation. the Kartavya Kaal symbolises a 
legacy of unwavering dedication and serves as a beacon for us to uphold 
the values of resilience, unity, and collective progress.
these heroes from various regions of india embodied the spirit of 
sacrifice and dedication to a shared dream of freedom. While their names 
may not adorn monuments, their courage and resolve continue to 
reverberate through history. this independence Day, let us honour these 
unsung champions by embracing our own sense of duty, pledging to 
uphold the ideals they fought for, and ensuring their sacrifices are never 
forgotten.
india is currently witnessing a profound resurgence of pride in its rich cultural heritage and traditions. t he 
transformative influence of poetry and music in fostering nationalism cannot be overstated; they have served 
as enduring sources of inspiration across generations. Literature, as a catalyst for social change, stands as a 
testament to the profound impact of artistic expression on societal transformation.
t he hardships endured by political prisoners, facing severe punishments and resorting to hunger strikes 
in their pursuit of justice, illuminate the unwavering spirit of those dedicated to the principles of freedom and 
equality. t heir sacrifices serve as a powerful testament to the profound costs of upholding cherished ideals.
r eflecting on historical milestones, the pivotal role of newspapers during i ndia’s struggle for independence 
emerges as a cornerstone of the nation’s journey towards self-determination. visionary leaders like gandhiji and  
sardar Patel continue to inspire and guide us in our pursuit of a more just and equitable society, their legacies 
intricately woven into the fabric of our country’s history.
northeast i ndia, with its rich cultural diversity and breathtaking natural beauty, has often been overlooked in 
mainstream narratives of india’s fight for independence. r ecent endeavours to explore the untold stories of this 
region reveal a tapestry of courage, sacrifice and resilience that matches, if not surpasses, the tales of heroism 
from other parts of the country. the freedom struggle in northeast india was not just a reaction to colonial 
oppression, it was a nuanced resistance intertwined with local histories and traditions. From the plains of Assam 
to the hills of Manipur, and from the verdant valleys of Meghalaya to the rugged terrains of Arunachal Pradesh, 
each corner of the region has its own narrative of defiance against British rule.
the stories of lesser-known heroes who played pivotal roles in gujarat’s contributions to india’s 
independence are uncovered in the pages that follow. gujarat’s historical tapestry, interwoven with narratives 
of bravery and self-sacrifice, bears testament to the unwavering spirit of its people and their steadfast 
dedication to the nation’s cause.
in conclusion, this edition of Yojana delves into multifaceted narratives of cultural resurgence, political 
resilience, and historical legacies. it features insightful articles contributed by subject-matter experts, researchers, 
and academics, offering a comprehensive exploration of themes central to i ndia’s past, present, and future. t his 
issue serves not only to inform but also to inspire a deeper appreciation for the diverse tapestry of india’s history 
and the enduring spirit that continues to shape its trajectory.                                                                                                ?
Page 4


Dawn of 
F r eedom
August 2024 A development monthly 
Special iSSue
August 2024
A DEVELOPMENT MONTHLY Let noble thoughts come to us from all sides.
Rig Veda
www.publicationsdivision.nic.in @DPD_India I @YojanaJournal @publicationsdivision @dpd_india
In ThIs Issue
number of pages: 72
Cover Art Credits on Page 17
Details of the Sales Outlets of the Publications Division on Page 52
YOJANA is published in Assamese, Bengali, English, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Odia, 
Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu, and Urdu.
Since 1957
Chief editor 
Kulshrestha Kamal
editor 
shuchita chaturvedi
our represent Atives 
Ahmedabad: JS Patel, Bengaluru: Shahid T Komath, 
Bhubaneswar: Manoj Kumar Jali, Chennai: Sanjay 
Ghosh, Guwahati: Maruf Alam, Hyderabad: 
Krishna Vandana P , Jalandhar: Gagandeep Kaur 
Devgan, Kolkata: Sumita Chakraborty, Mumbai: 
Sangeeta Godbole, Thiruvananthapuram: Sudha S 
Namboothiry.
Joint Director, ProDuction 
D K C hruDhAInATh
c over Design
GAjAnAn P DhoPe
Yojana (english): Room No. 647, Soochna Bhawan, 
CGO Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110 003.  
e-mail (editorial): sec-yojanaeng-moib@gov.in
YOJANA, a development monthly published since 
1957, is a theme-based journal providing in-depth 
analyses and views on socio-economic issues in 
the broader framework of government policies. 
Although published by the Ministry of Information 
and Broadcasting, YOJANA is not restricted to 
expressing the official point of view.
DIsCLAIMer
l 	 The 	 vie ws 	 e xpre sse d 	 in 	 various 	 articles 	 are	
those 	 of 	 the 	 authors 	 and 	 the y 	 do 	 not 	 ne c essarily	
re flect 	 the 	 vie ws 	 of 	 the 	 Go vernme n t 	 or 	 the	
organisation/ s 	 the y 	 work 	 f or .
l Map s/flags 	 use d 	 in 	 the 	 article s 	 are 	 only 	 indic ative 	
and 	 the y 	 do 	 not 	 re flect 	 the 	 politic al 	 map 	 or 	 le gal	
re presen t ation 	 of 	 the 	 flag 	 of 	 India/an y 	 othe r	
c oun try .
l The 	 inf ographics/figure s 	 are 	 pro vide d 	 b y 	 the	
authors 	 through 	 the ir 	 re liable 	 sourc e s 	 and	
YOJANA 	 claims 	 no 	 re sponsibility 	 f or 	 the 	 same.
l Image s, 	 graphics 	 and 	 illus trations, 	 whe re ve r	
use d, 	 are 	 mos tly 	 sourc ed 	 from 	 go vernme n t	
channels 	 and 	 are 	 indic ative 	 in 	 nature .
l YOJANA 	does 	not 	o wn 	re sponsibility 	re garding	
the 	 c on t e n ts 	 of 	 the 	 adve rtise men ts. 	 The 	 re aders	
are 	 re que s t e d 	 t o 	 ve rify 	 the 	 claims 	 made 	 in 	 the	
adve rtise men ts 	 re garding 	 c ourse s, 	 c are e r -
guidanc e 	 book s 	 or 	 ins titutions.
l YOJANA doesn't	 endorse	 or	 promot e	 an y	
brands	 or	 privat e	 en tities	 presen t ed	 as	 c ase	
s tudies	in	an y	of	the	articles.
suB sCrIPTIon/GrIeVAnCes
email: pdjucir@gmail.com 
Phone: 011-24367453  
(Monday-Friday, 9:30 am- 6:00 pm)
Postal Address: Abhishek Chaturvedi, Editor, 
Journals Unit, Publications Division, Room No. 
779, Soochna Bhawan, CGO Complex, Lodhi 
Road, New Delhi-110 003.
Please	 not e	 that	 it	 will	 t ak e	 atleas t	 eigh t	 week s	 t o	
s t art	 your	 sub scrip tion.	 Kindly	 raise	 your	 queries/
grie vanc es	 about	 non	 rec eip t	 of	 the	 journals	 only	
aft er	this	period.
28
31
suBsCrIPTIon-reLATeD DeTAILs : Page 60
cellular Jail 
the saga of resistance 
Amit Roy
rani abbaKKa 
the unyielding guardian of 
sovereignty and Justice 
Dr Tukaram Poojary 
Dr Ashalatha Suvarna
glorious guards of  
freedom from guJarat 
a tale often untold 
Utsav Parmar
Jambudweep proclamation 
Dr M Rajendran
K Kelappan: a dedicated 
freedom fighter and a 
stalwart social reformer 
Ajith Venniyoor
6
14
19
24
37
43
47
49
54
61
67
our booKs history of the freedom 
movement in india untold stories of the  
freedom struggle from  
northeast india next issue : union budget
gandhian influence on   
freedom struggle in  
telugu region 
Dr Nagasuri Venugopal
celluloid patriotism 
Anuja Avinash Chaulkar 
contribution of  
indian languages to the 
freedom movement 
K Sreenivasarao
youth consciousness for  
freedom in bengal 
Rabi Ranjan Sen
india’s commitment towards 
tb-muKt bharat 
Dr Manisha Verma
india’s strategic engagement  
in the south china sea 
Dr SS Bindra 
Devina Singh
YOJANA
Volume-68
No. 08
speciAl issue
5 August 2024
Legends Untold: Rediscovering India’s  
Unknown Freedom Fighters
Editorial
YOJANA
i
n the fabric of india’s history, the concept of Kartavya Kaal emerges as a 
poignant reminder of the duty and commitment that defined the actions 
of lesser-known freedom fighters. t heir selflessness and sacrifice during 
the struggle for independence resonate with a timeless call to acknowledge 
our responsibilities towards the nation. the Kartavya Kaal symbolises a 
legacy of unwavering dedication and serves as a beacon for us to uphold 
the values of resilience, unity, and collective progress.
these heroes from various regions of india embodied the spirit of 
sacrifice and dedication to a shared dream of freedom. While their names 
may not adorn monuments, their courage and resolve continue to 
reverberate through history. this independence Day, let us honour these 
unsung champions by embracing our own sense of duty, pledging to 
uphold the ideals they fought for, and ensuring their sacrifices are never 
forgotten.
india is currently witnessing a profound resurgence of pride in its rich cultural heritage and traditions. t he 
transformative influence of poetry and music in fostering nationalism cannot be overstated; they have served 
as enduring sources of inspiration across generations. Literature, as a catalyst for social change, stands as a 
testament to the profound impact of artistic expression on societal transformation.
t he hardships endured by political prisoners, facing severe punishments and resorting to hunger strikes 
in their pursuit of justice, illuminate the unwavering spirit of those dedicated to the principles of freedom and 
equality. t heir sacrifices serve as a powerful testament to the profound costs of upholding cherished ideals.
r eflecting on historical milestones, the pivotal role of newspapers during i ndia’s struggle for independence 
emerges as a cornerstone of the nation’s journey towards self-determination. visionary leaders like gandhiji and  
sardar Patel continue to inspire and guide us in our pursuit of a more just and equitable society, their legacies 
intricately woven into the fabric of our country’s history.
northeast i ndia, with its rich cultural diversity and breathtaking natural beauty, has often been overlooked in 
mainstream narratives of india’s fight for independence. r ecent endeavours to explore the untold stories of this 
region reveal a tapestry of courage, sacrifice and resilience that matches, if not surpasses, the tales of heroism 
from other parts of the country. the freedom struggle in northeast india was not just a reaction to colonial 
oppression, it was a nuanced resistance intertwined with local histories and traditions. From the plains of Assam 
to the hills of Manipur, and from the verdant valleys of Meghalaya to the rugged terrains of Arunachal Pradesh, 
each corner of the region has its own narrative of defiance against British rule.
the stories of lesser-known heroes who played pivotal roles in gujarat’s contributions to india’s 
independence are uncovered in the pages that follow. gujarat’s historical tapestry, interwoven with narratives 
of bravery and self-sacrifice, bears testament to the unwavering spirit of its people and their steadfast 
dedication to the nation’s cause.
in conclusion, this edition of Yojana delves into multifaceted narratives of cultural resurgence, political 
resilience, and historical legacies. it features insightful articles contributed by subject-matter experts, researchers, 
and academics, offering a comprehensive exploration of themes central to i ndia’s past, present, and future. t his 
issue serves not only to inform but also to inspire a deeper appreciation for the diverse tapestry of india’s history 
and the enduring spirit that continues to shape its trajectory.                                                                                                ?
6 August 2024
The revolutionaries in the Cellular Jail were not treated as political prisoners. 
They were called ‘seditionists’ or ‘anarchists’ and treated worse than ordinary 
criminals. The political prisoners were frequently punished. Flogging, 
confinement in cells for six months, bar fetters, and standing handcuffs with 
a reduced diet were resorted to now and then. Confinement in small cages 
was still worse. Finally, bowing either to the general and popular demand of 
Indians or their constant agitation or because of its political wisdom, 
the British Government declared general amnesty for the political 
prisoners in the Andamans in 1920. Thereafter, the Cellular 
Jail was closed, and all the remaining political prisoners 
were taken back to the mainland by 1921.
amit roy the author is an associate professor in the department of economics at Ghatal rabindra Satabarsiki Mahavidyalaya, West Bengal; Chief editor of the 
Bengali peer-reviewed journal Antorjatik Pathsala, and a researcher on the Cellular Jail. email: royamit1960@yahoo.com
CELLULAR JAIL
The Saga of Resistance
6 AuGuSt 2024
Page 5


Dawn of 
F r eedom
August 2024 A development monthly 
Special iSSue
August 2024
A DEVELOPMENT MONTHLY Let noble thoughts come to us from all sides.
Rig Veda
www.publicationsdivision.nic.in @DPD_India I @YojanaJournal @publicationsdivision @dpd_india
In ThIs Issue
number of pages: 72
Cover Art Credits on Page 17
Details of the Sales Outlets of the Publications Division on Page 52
YOJANA is published in Assamese, Bengali, English, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Odia, 
Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu, and Urdu.
Since 1957
Chief editor 
Kulshrestha Kamal
editor 
shuchita chaturvedi
our represent Atives 
Ahmedabad: JS Patel, Bengaluru: Shahid T Komath, 
Bhubaneswar: Manoj Kumar Jali, Chennai: Sanjay 
Ghosh, Guwahati: Maruf Alam, Hyderabad: 
Krishna Vandana P , Jalandhar: Gagandeep Kaur 
Devgan, Kolkata: Sumita Chakraborty, Mumbai: 
Sangeeta Godbole, Thiruvananthapuram: Sudha S 
Namboothiry.
Joint Director, ProDuction 
D K C hruDhAInATh
c over Design
GAjAnAn P DhoPe
Yojana (english): Room No. 647, Soochna Bhawan, 
CGO Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110 003.  
e-mail (editorial): sec-yojanaeng-moib@gov.in
YOJANA, a development monthly published since 
1957, is a theme-based journal providing in-depth 
analyses and views on socio-economic issues in 
the broader framework of government policies. 
Although published by the Ministry of Information 
and Broadcasting, YOJANA is not restricted to 
expressing the official point of view.
DIsCLAIMer
l 	 The 	 vie ws 	 e xpre sse d 	 in 	 various 	 articles 	 are	
those 	 of 	 the 	 authors 	 and 	 the y 	 do 	 not 	 ne c essarily	
re flect 	 the 	 vie ws 	 of 	 the 	 Go vernme n t 	 or 	 the	
organisation/ s 	 the y 	 work 	 f or .
l Map s/flags 	 use d 	 in 	 the 	 article s 	 are 	 only 	 indic ative 	
and 	 the y 	 do 	 not 	 re flect 	 the 	 politic al 	 map 	 or 	 le gal	
re presen t ation 	 of 	 the 	 flag 	 of 	 India/an y 	 othe r	
c oun try .
l The 	 inf ographics/figure s 	 are 	 pro vide d 	 b y 	 the	
authors 	 through 	 the ir 	 re liable 	 sourc e s 	 and	
YOJANA 	 claims 	 no 	 re sponsibility 	 f or 	 the 	 same.
l Image s, 	 graphics 	 and 	 illus trations, 	 whe re ve r	
use d, 	 are 	 mos tly 	 sourc ed 	 from 	 go vernme n t	
channels 	 and 	 are 	 indic ative 	 in 	 nature .
l YOJANA 	does 	not 	o wn 	re sponsibility 	re garding	
the 	 c on t e n ts 	 of 	 the 	 adve rtise men ts. 	 The 	 re aders	
are 	 re que s t e d 	 t o 	 ve rify 	 the 	 claims 	 made 	 in 	 the	
adve rtise men ts 	 re garding 	 c ourse s, 	 c are e r -
guidanc e 	 book s 	 or 	 ins titutions.
l YOJANA doesn't	 endorse	 or	 promot e	 an y	
brands	 or	 privat e	 en tities	 presen t ed	 as	 c ase	
s tudies	in	an y	of	the	articles.
suB sCrIPTIon/GrIeVAnCes
email: pdjucir@gmail.com 
Phone: 011-24367453  
(Monday-Friday, 9:30 am- 6:00 pm)
Postal Address: Abhishek Chaturvedi, Editor, 
Journals Unit, Publications Division, Room No. 
779, Soochna Bhawan, CGO Complex, Lodhi 
Road, New Delhi-110 003.
Please	 not e	 that	 it	 will	 t ak e	 atleas t	 eigh t	 week s	 t o	
s t art	 your	 sub scrip tion.	 Kindly	 raise	 your	 queries/
grie vanc es	 about	 non	 rec eip t	 of	 the	 journals	 only	
aft er	this	period.
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suBsCrIPTIon-reLATeD DeTAILs : Page 60
cellular Jail 
the saga of resistance 
Amit Roy
rani abbaKKa 
the unyielding guardian of 
sovereignty and Justice 
Dr Tukaram Poojary 
Dr Ashalatha Suvarna
glorious guards of  
freedom from guJarat 
a tale often untold 
Utsav Parmar
Jambudweep proclamation 
Dr M Rajendran
K Kelappan: a dedicated 
freedom fighter and a 
stalwart social reformer 
Ajith Venniyoor
6
14
19
24
37
43
47
49
54
61
67
our booKs history of the freedom 
movement in india untold stories of the  
freedom struggle from  
northeast india next issue : union budget
gandhian influence on   
freedom struggle in  
telugu region 
Dr Nagasuri Venugopal
celluloid patriotism 
Anuja Avinash Chaulkar 
contribution of  
indian languages to the 
freedom movement 
K Sreenivasarao
youth consciousness for  
freedom in bengal 
Rabi Ranjan Sen
india’s commitment towards 
tb-muKt bharat 
Dr Manisha Verma
india’s strategic engagement  
in the south china sea 
Dr SS Bindra 
Devina Singh
YOJANA
Volume-68
No. 08
speciAl issue
5 August 2024
Legends Untold: Rediscovering India’s  
Unknown Freedom Fighters
Editorial
YOJANA
i
n the fabric of india’s history, the concept of Kartavya Kaal emerges as a 
poignant reminder of the duty and commitment that defined the actions 
of lesser-known freedom fighters. t heir selflessness and sacrifice during 
the struggle for independence resonate with a timeless call to acknowledge 
our responsibilities towards the nation. the Kartavya Kaal symbolises a 
legacy of unwavering dedication and serves as a beacon for us to uphold 
the values of resilience, unity, and collective progress.
these heroes from various regions of india embodied the spirit of 
sacrifice and dedication to a shared dream of freedom. While their names 
may not adorn monuments, their courage and resolve continue to 
reverberate through history. this independence Day, let us honour these 
unsung champions by embracing our own sense of duty, pledging to 
uphold the ideals they fought for, and ensuring their sacrifices are never 
forgotten.
india is currently witnessing a profound resurgence of pride in its rich cultural heritage and traditions. t he 
transformative influence of poetry and music in fostering nationalism cannot be overstated; they have served 
as enduring sources of inspiration across generations. Literature, as a catalyst for social change, stands as a 
testament to the profound impact of artistic expression on societal transformation.
t he hardships endured by political prisoners, facing severe punishments and resorting to hunger strikes 
in their pursuit of justice, illuminate the unwavering spirit of those dedicated to the principles of freedom and 
equality. t heir sacrifices serve as a powerful testament to the profound costs of upholding cherished ideals.
r eflecting on historical milestones, the pivotal role of newspapers during i ndia’s struggle for independence 
emerges as a cornerstone of the nation’s journey towards self-determination. visionary leaders like gandhiji and  
sardar Patel continue to inspire and guide us in our pursuit of a more just and equitable society, their legacies 
intricately woven into the fabric of our country’s history.
northeast i ndia, with its rich cultural diversity and breathtaking natural beauty, has often been overlooked in 
mainstream narratives of india’s fight for independence. r ecent endeavours to explore the untold stories of this 
region reveal a tapestry of courage, sacrifice and resilience that matches, if not surpasses, the tales of heroism 
from other parts of the country. the freedom struggle in northeast india was not just a reaction to colonial 
oppression, it was a nuanced resistance intertwined with local histories and traditions. From the plains of Assam 
to the hills of Manipur, and from the verdant valleys of Meghalaya to the rugged terrains of Arunachal Pradesh, 
each corner of the region has its own narrative of defiance against British rule.
the stories of lesser-known heroes who played pivotal roles in gujarat’s contributions to india’s 
independence are uncovered in the pages that follow. gujarat’s historical tapestry, interwoven with narratives 
of bravery and self-sacrifice, bears testament to the unwavering spirit of its people and their steadfast 
dedication to the nation’s cause.
in conclusion, this edition of Yojana delves into multifaceted narratives of cultural resurgence, political 
resilience, and historical legacies. it features insightful articles contributed by subject-matter experts, researchers, 
and academics, offering a comprehensive exploration of themes central to i ndia’s past, present, and future. t his 
issue serves not only to inform but also to inspire a deeper appreciation for the diverse tapestry of india’s history 
and the enduring spirit that continues to shape its trajectory.                                                                                                ?
6 August 2024
The revolutionaries in the Cellular Jail were not treated as political prisoners. 
They were called ‘seditionists’ or ‘anarchists’ and treated worse than ordinary 
criminals. The political prisoners were frequently punished. Flogging, 
confinement in cells for six months, bar fetters, and standing handcuffs with 
a reduced diet were resorted to now and then. Confinement in small cages 
was still worse. Finally, bowing either to the general and popular demand of 
Indians or their constant agitation or because of its political wisdom, 
the British Government declared general amnesty for the political 
prisoners in the Andamans in 1920. Thereafter, the Cellular 
Jail was closed, and all the remaining political prisoners 
were taken back to the mainland by 1921.
amit roy the author is an associate professor in the department of economics at Ghatal rabindra Satabarsiki Mahavidyalaya, West Bengal; Chief editor of the 
Bengali peer-reviewed journal Antorjatik Pathsala, and a researcher on the Cellular Jail. email: royamit1960@yahoo.com
CELLULAR JAIL
The Saga of Resistance
6 AuGuSt 2024 7 August 2024
f someone is to pick one of the greatest 
monuments in the country dedicated 
to india’s freedom and nationhood, that 
has to be the cellular Jail. Located in 
Port Blair, the main city of the Andaman & nicobar 
islands, off at least a thousand kilometres from the 
mainland, the isolated prison in the middle of the 
sea became the favourite place for the incarceration 
of revolutionary freedom fighters.
A proposal on the t entative Lists of the unesco 
World Heritage convention, submitted in April 
2014, mentions the cellular Jail is in the league of 
similar facilities built during the same reign of the 
erstwhile British empire, such as the World Heritage 
sites, of r obben island, s outh Africa, and Australian 
convict sites. in other global comparisons, 
eastern state Penitentiary in Philadelphia, usA, 
presents a comparable example for cellular Jail. 
the architecture of eastern state Penitentiary is 
based on the principles of separate system and 
also influenced by panopticon theory, similar to the 
planning of c ellular Jail.
t he c ellular Jail prison complex was constructed 
between 1896 and 1906 in Port Blair by deploying 
prisoners as labourers. Port Blair, named after 
Archibald Blair of the British east india company, 
was itself a penal colony on great Andaman, 
established in 1789.
t he British appointed David Barrie as their Jailor 
during 1905-1919. Barrie unleashed a reign of terror 
on the inmates, particularly the revolutionaries. 
t hey were not classified as political prisoners but as 
‘seditionists’ or ‘anarchists’ and were treated worse 
than ordinary criminals. they were given class 
‘D’ (Dangerous) or ‘Pi’ (Permanently incarcerated) 
badges.
revolutionary freedom fighters incarcerated 
here came from all corners of mainland india—
from Bengal to Maharashtra and northern Punjab 
to the then Madras Presidency. 
I
7 AuGuSt 2024