Yojana Magazine July 2022 - 4 (Hindi) | Monthly Yojana & Kurukshetra Magazine in Hindi - UPSC PDF Download

 Page 1


;kstuk] tqykbZ 2022 47
ys[kd ofj"B [ksy desaVsVj gSaA bZesy% shivendra68@gmail.com
jr] HkkSxksfyd ,oa lkaLÑfrd fofoèkrk laiUu ns'k 
gS tgk¡ jgus okyksa dk èkeZ] Hkk"kk,¡] os'kHkw"kk vkSj 
•ku&iku vyx&vyx gksus osQ ckotwn] Hkkjrh;rk 
dh Hkkouk] ns'kokfl;ksa dks ,d lw=k esa fijksus dk dke djrh 
gS ;kuh vusdrk esa ,drk gS] Hkkjr dh fo'ks"krkA viusiu dh 
bl Hkkouk dks vkSj lqn`<+ cukrk gS •sy dk eSnku vFkkZr~ ^•sy 
fl•krk esy*A gky osQ  o"kks± esa gekjs ns'k esa •syksa dks ysdj 
u;k mRlkg ns•us dks feyk gS ftlls vksyfEiDl] ,f'k;kbZ •sy 
vkSj jk"VªeaMy •sy rFkk vU; fo'oLrjh; çfr;ksfxrkvksa esa csgrj  
ifj.kke ns•us dks fey jgs gSaA çèkkuea=kh Jh ujsaæ eksnh us Hkkjr dks 
fo'o Lrj ij vxz.kh ns'k cukus osQ Øe esa] •syksa ,oa f•ykfM++;ksa 
dh çxfr vkSj çksRlkgu dks yxkrkj vgfe;r nh gSA ;w¡ rks  
laiw.kZ Hkkjr esa •syksa dks ysdj 
•klh tkx#drk gS] ysfdu 
ns'k osQ oqQN jkT;ksa fo'ks"krkSj 
ij >kj•aM] eè; çns'k] 
NÙkhlx<+] vksfM+'kk] mÙkj iwohZ 
jkT;ksa rFkk egkjk"Vª] jktLFkku] 
xqtjkr vkSj if'pe caxky osQ 
tutkrh; cgqy fgLlksa ls Hkh 
cgqr ls ,sls f•ykM+h mHkj 
dj vk, gSa] ftUgksaus jk"Vªh; 
rFkk varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj dh 
çfr;ksfxrkvksa esa vius jkT; 
rFkk ns'k dk uke jks'ku fd;kA 
ns'k osQ oqQN jkT?;ksa fo'ks"krkSj ij >kj•aM] eè; çns'k] NÙkhlx<+] vksfM+'kk] mÙkj iwohZ jkT?;ksa rFkk 
egkjk"Vª] jktLFkku] xqtjkr vkSj if'pe caxky osQ tutkrh; cgqy fgLlksa ls Hkh cgqr ls ,sls f•ykM+h 
mHkj dj vk, gSa] ftUgksaus jk"Vªh; rFkk varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj dh çfr;ksfxrkvksa esa vius jkT; rFkk ns'k dk 
uke jks'ku fd;kA •kl ckr ;s gS fd bu txgksa ij fo"ke HkkSxksfyd ifjfLFkfr;ksa vkSj vke rkSj ij 
fo'oLrjh; •sy lqfoèkkvksa dh vis{kkÑr lhfer miyC?èkrk osQ ckotwn] tutkrh; cgqy {ks=kksa ls mHkjdj 
vkus okys reke f•ykfM++;ksa us ckj&ckj bl dgkor dks lgh lkfcr fd;k gS fd ^^çfrHkk dHkh Hkh 
ijkJ; dh eksgrkt ugha gksrh gSA**
tutkrh; cgqy bykdksa ds f[kykfM+;ksa dk ncnck
f'kosUnz prqosZnh
[ksy&f[kykM+h
•kl ckr ;s gS fd bu txgksa ij fo"ke HkkSxksfyd ifjfLFkfr;ksa 
vkSj vke rkSj ij fo'oLrjh; •sy lqfoèkkvksa dh vis{kkÑr lhfer 
miyCèkrk osQ ckotwn] tutkrh; cgqy {ks=kksa ls mHkjdj vkus okys 
reke f•ykfM++;ksa us ckj&ckj bl dgkor dks lgh lkfcr fd;k 
gS fd ^^çfrHkk dHkh Hkh ijkJ; dh eksgrkt ugha gksrh gSA** ,d 
lPpk deZ;ksxh] viuh yxu] ifjJe vkSj ladYi ls •qn dh 
dke;kch dk jkLrk <wa<rk gS vkSj ml ij liQyrk dh lhf<+;k¡ 
p<+rs gq,] u, vk;ke LFkkfir djrk gSA 
varjkZ"Vªh; 'kksèk laLFkk osQ-ih-,e-th- dh fjiksVZ osQ vuqlkj fo'o 
osQ fofHkUu ns'kksa dh vFkZO;oLFkk esa •syksa dk ldy ?kjsyw mRikn esa 
;ksxnku 1 ls 5 çfr'kr vuqekfur fd;k x;k gSA ;gk¡ rd fd oSf'od 
eanh osQ nkSjku Hkh] o"kZ 2009&13 osQ eè;] •sy cktkj 7 çfr'kr dh 
Hkk
t;iky flag eqaMk
3 tuojh 1903 & 20 ekpZ 1970
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;kstuk] tqykbZ 2022 47
ys[kd ofj"B [ksy desaVsVj gSaA bZesy% shivendra68@gmail.com
jr] HkkSxksfyd ,oa lkaLÑfrd fofoèkrk laiUu ns'k 
gS tgk¡ jgus okyksa dk èkeZ] Hkk"kk,¡] os'kHkw"kk vkSj 
•ku&iku vyx&vyx gksus osQ ckotwn] Hkkjrh;rk 
dh Hkkouk] ns'kokfl;ksa dks ,d lw=k esa fijksus dk dke djrh 
gS ;kuh vusdrk esa ,drk gS] Hkkjr dh fo'ks"krkA viusiu dh 
bl Hkkouk dks vkSj lqn`<+ cukrk gS •sy dk eSnku vFkkZr~ ^•sy 
fl•krk esy*A gky osQ  o"kks± esa gekjs ns'k esa •syksa dks ysdj 
u;k mRlkg ns•us dks feyk gS ftlls vksyfEiDl] ,f'k;kbZ •sy 
vkSj jk"VªeaMy •sy rFkk vU; fo'oLrjh; çfr;ksfxrkvksa esa csgrj  
ifj.kke ns•us dks fey jgs gSaA çèkkuea=kh Jh ujsaæ eksnh us Hkkjr dks 
fo'o Lrj ij vxz.kh ns'k cukus osQ Øe esa] •syksa ,oa f•ykfM++;ksa 
dh çxfr vkSj çksRlkgu dks yxkrkj vgfe;r nh gSA ;w¡ rks  
laiw.kZ Hkkjr esa •syksa dks ysdj 
•klh tkx#drk gS] ysfdu 
ns'k osQ oqQN jkT;ksa fo'ks"krkSj 
ij >kj•aM] eè; çns'k] 
NÙkhlx<+] vksfM+'kk] mÙkj iwohZ 
jkT;ksa rFkk egkjk"Vª] jktLFkku] 
xqtjkr vkSj if'pe caxky osQ 
tutkrh; cgqy fgLlksa ls Hkh 
cgqr ls ,sls f•ykM+h mHkj 
dj vk, gSa] ftUgksaus jk"Vªh; 
rFkk varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj dh 
çfr;ksfxrkvksa esa vius jkT; 
rFkk ns'k dk uke jks'ku fd;kA 
ns'k osQ oqQN jkT?;ksa fo'ks"krkSj ij >kj•aM] eè; çns'k] NÙkhlx<+] vksfM+'kk] mÙkj iwohZ jkT?;ksa rFkk 
egkjk"Vª] jktLFkku] xqtjkr vkSj if'pe caxky osQ tutkrh; cgqy fgLlksa ls Hkh cgqr ls ,sls f•ykM+h 
mHkj dj vk, gSa] ftUgksaus jk"Vªh; rFkk varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj dh çfr;ksfxrkvksa esa vius jkT; rFkk ns'k dk 
uke jks'ku fd;kA •kl ckr ;s gS fd bu txgksa ij fo"ke HkkSxksfyd ifjfLFkfr;ksa vkSj vke rkSj ij 
fo'oLrjh; •sy lqfoèkkvksa dh vis{kkÑr lhfer miyC?èkrk osQ ckotwn] tutkrh; cgqy {ks=kksa ls mHkjdj 
vkus okys reke f•ykfM++;ksa us ckj&ckj bl dgkor dks lgh lkfcr fd;k gS fd ^^çfrHkk dHkh Hkh 
ijkJ; dh eksgrkt ugha gksrh gSA**
tutkrh; cgqy bykdksa ds f[kykfM+;ksa dk ncnck
f'kosUnz prqosZnh
[ksy&f[kykM+h
•kl ckr ;s gS fd bu txgksa ij fo"ke HkkSxksfyd ifjfLFkfr;ksa 
vkSj vke rkSj ij fo'oLrjh; •sy lqfoèkkvksa dh vis{kkÑr lhfer 
miyCèkrk osQ ckotwn] tutkrh; cgqy {ks=kksa ls mHkjdj vkus okys 
reke f•ykfM++;ksa us ckj&ckj bl dgkor dks lgh lkfcr fd;k 
gS fd ^^çfrHkk dHkh Hkh ijkJ; dh eksgrkt ugha gksrh gSA** ,d 
lPpk deZ;ksxh] viuh yxu] ifjJe vkSj ladYi ls •qn dh 
dke;kch dk jkLrk <wa<rk gS vkSj ml ij liQyrk dh lhf<+;k¡ 
p<+rs gq,] u, vk;ke LFkkfir djrk gSA 
varjkZ"Vªh; 'kksèk laLFkk osQ-ih-,e-th- dh fjiksVZ osQ vuqlkj fo'o 
osQ fofHkUu ns'kksa dh vFkZO;oLFkk esa •syksa dk ldy ?kjsyw mRikn esa 
;ksxnku 1 ls 5 çfr'kr vuqekfur fd;k x;k gSA ;gk¡ rd fd oSf'od 
eanh osQ nkSjku Hkh] o"kZ 2009&13 osQ eè;] •sy cktkj 7 çfr'kr dh 
Hkk
t;iky flag eqaMk
3 tuojh 1903 & 20 ekpZ 1970
48 ;kstuk] tqykbZ 2022
Hkkjr us vc rd vksyafid •syksa 
esa oqQy 10 Lo.kZ lfgr 35 ind 
thrs gSa ftuesa ls 34 çfr'kr ind] 
fliQZ gkWdh esa Hkkjrh; f•ykfM++;ksa us 
gkfly fd, gSaA njvly 1928 ls 
1956 rd yxkrkj 6 vksyafid •syksa 
esa Hkkjrh; gkWdh Vhe us Lo.kZ ind 
gkfly djosQ] lkjh nqfu;k esa rgydk 
epk fn;k FkkA Hkkjrh; gkWdh osQ 
ml Lof.kZe dky esa ns'k dks igyk 
vksyafid Lo.kZ fnykus okyh Vhe 
osQ dIrku dh Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ Fkh 
t;iky flag eqaMk usA
nj ls c<+k] tks fd fo'o dh çeq• vFkZO;oLFkkvksa dh ldy ?kjsyw 
mRikn esa o`f¼ ls vfèkd jgk gSA lkFk gh •sy {ks=k Je&vkèkkfjr gksus 
osQ dkj.k jkst++xkj çnku djus esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk j•rk gSA fo'ks"kdj 
•sy •qnjk O;kikj dk {ks=k] tks vesfjdk esa yxHkx 11 çfr'kr rFkk 
Hkkjr esa yxHkx 6 çfr'kr jkst++xkj çnku djus esa lgk;d gSA vr% 
•sy] •sy&f'k{kk] •sy vuqlaèkku] •sy fpfdRlk] •sy&m|ksx] •sy 
O;kikj rFkk •sy&lsokvksa dks çksRlkfgr djosQ jkT; dh vFkZO;oLFkk 
dks lqn`<+ djus esa lgk;d gks ldrs gSaA 
çkjEHk ls gh tutkrh; cgqy bykdksa osQ f•ykfM++;ksa dk ncnck 
gekjs ns'k osQ •sy bfrgkl esa gkWdh dks csgn fof'k"V LFkku 
gkfly gS vkSj mldk dkj.k gS 1928 osQ ,ELVjMEl vksyafiDl ls 
2021 osQ VksD;ks vksyafiDl rd Hkkjr }kjk gkWdh esa thrs x, 12 
ind ftlesa 8 Lo.kZ] 1 jtr vkSj 3 dkaL; ind 'kkfey gSA Hkkjr 
us vc rd vksyafid •syksa esa oqQy 10 Lo.kZ lfgr 35 ind thrs 
gSa ftuesa ls 34 çfr'kr ind] fliQZ gkWdh esa Hkkjrh; f•ykfM++;ksa us 
gkfly fd, gSaA njvly 1928 ls 1956 rd yxkrkj 6 vksyafid 
•syksa esa Hkkjrh; gkWdh Vhe us Lo.kZ ind gkfly djosQ] lkjh nqfu;k 
esa rgydk epk fn;k FkkA Hkkjrh; gkWdh osQ ml Lof.kZe dky esa ns'k 
dks igyk vksyafid Lo.kZ fnykus okyh Vhe 
osQ dIrku dh Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ Fkh t;iky 
flag eqaMk usA orZeku >kj•aM dh jktèkkuh 
jkaph osQ ikl 3 tuojh 1903 dks tUes 
t;iky flag vlkèkkj.k çfrHkk osQ èkuh Fks 
vkSj 1925 esa vkWDliQksMZ Cyw dk f•rkc 
ikus okys] gkWdh osQ ,dek=k varjkZ"Vªh; 
f•ykM+h FksA f•ykM+h gksus osQ lkFk&lkFk os 
,d tkus ekus jktuhfrK] i=kdkj] ys•d] 
laiknd vkSj f'k{kkfon~ Hkh FksA gkWdh osQ 
eSnku ij Vhe dh j{kkiafDr esa çeq• 
Hkwfedk fuHkkus okys t;iky flag eqaMk] ns'k 
dh lafoèkku lHkk osQ Hkh lnL; jgs vkSj 
vkthou] tutkrh; yksxksa osQ dY;k.k osQ 
fy, ç;kljr jgsA 
1928 osQ ,ELVjMEl vksyafiDl osQ 52 
lky ckn] 1980 osQ ekLdks vksyafid •syksa esa Hkkjrh; Vhe us gkWdh esa 
8oka vkSj vafre Lo.kZ ind thrk vkSj ml le; Hkh] Hkkjrh; Vhe osQ ,d  
egRoiw.kZ lnL; Fks >kj•aM osQ tutkrh; cgqy ft+ys fleMsxk ls 
vkus okys flYosul Mqax MqaxA 27 tuojh 1949 dks tUesa flYosul 
Mqax Mqax 1965 esa Hkkjrh; lsuk esa 'kkfey gq,] ns'k dh lsok dh] 
vksyafid Lo.kZ fotsrk cus vkSj 2016 esa] mUgsa gkWdh osQ •sy esa 
thoui;±r ;ksxnku osQ fy, æks.kkpk;Z iqjLdkj ls lEekfur fd;k x;kA 
fiNys o"kZ VksD;ks vksyafid •syksa esa 41 lky osQ yacs varjky osQ ckn 
Hkkjrh; iq#"k gkWdh Vhe us iksfM;e fiQfu'k djrs gq, dkaL; ind 
gkfly fd;k vkSj bl Vhe osQ midIrku FksA vksfM+'kk osQ tutkrh; 
cgqy ft+ys lqanjx<+ esa tUesa chjsanj ydjkA ,f'k;kbZ •syksa dh  
Lo.kZ vkSj jtr ind fotsrk Hkkjrh; Vhe dk fgLlk jgs ohjsanj ydjk 
dk iwjk ifjokj gh gkWdh ls tqM+k gSA chjsanj osQ cM+s HkkbZ fcey Hkh 
feMiQhYMj osQ rkSj ij Hkkjr osQ fy, •sy pqosQ gSa vkSj mudh cgu 
vlqark ydjk] Hkkjrh; efgyk gkWdh Vhe dk usr`Ro Hkh dj pqdh gSaA
gkWdh dh ulZjh
•kl ckr ;s gS fd fleMsxk ft+ys dks vkt gkWdh dh ulZjh dgk 
tkrk gS vkSj ns'k osQ tutkrh; cgqy vapy esa fLFkr bl ft+ys esa 
gkWdh osQ çf'k{k.k dh vR;kèkqfud lqfoèkk,¡ 
miyCèk djkbZ xbZ gSaA laHkor% ;gh dkj.k 
gS fd C;wVh MqaxMqax] çeksfnuh ydjk] jtuh 
djosQjk] efgek VsVs] nhfidk lksjsx vkSj 
dkty ckjk tSls ;qok f•ykM+h] Hkkjrh; 
efgyk gkWdh esa 'kkfey gksus dh vksj vkxs 
c<+rs ut+j vk jgs gSaA fleMsxk ft+ys dk 
fooj.k ogk¡ dh èkjrh ls vorfjr gq, 
,d vkSj 'kkunkj gkWdh f•ykM+h ekbdy 
foaQMks osQ ftØ osQ fcuk vèkwjk jgsxkA vtZqu 
iqjLdkj ls uokt++s x, j{kk iafDr osQ csgrjhu 
f•ykM+h ekbdy foaQMks] 1972 osQ E;wfu• 
vksyafid esa dkaL; ind thrus okyh 
Hkkjrh; gkWdh Vhe osQ lnL; FksA 1971] 
1973 vkSj 1975 osQ gkWdh fo'o di esa 
Hkkjrh; Vhe us dkaL;] jtr vkSj Lo.kZ ind 
lyhek VsVs (ck,¡) vkSj fuDdh çèkku (nk,¡)] tks Øe'k% vkfnoklh cgqy fleMsxk vkSj •waVh ftyksa ls vkrh gSa] Hkkjrh; efgyk gkWdh Vhe dh  
çeq• f•ykM+h Fkha ftUgksaus VksD;ks esa ,sfrgkfld vkSj mRlkgh çn'kZu fd;kA
Page 3


;kstuk] tqykbZ 2022 47
ys[kd ofj"B [ksy desaVsVj gSaA bZesy% shivendra68@gmail.com
jr] HkkSxksfyd ,oa lkaLÑfrd fofoèkrk laiUu ns'k 
gS tgk¡ jgus okyksa dk èkeZ] Hkk"kk,¡] os'kHkw"kk vkSj 
•ku&iku vyx&vyx gksus osQ ckotwn] Hkkjrh;rk 
dh Hkkouk] ns'kokfl;ksa dks ,d lw=k esa fijksus dk dke djrh 
gS ;kuh vusdrk esa ,drk gS] Hkkjr dh fo'ks"krkA viusiu dh 
bl Hkkouk dks vkSj lqn`<+ cukrk gS •sy dk eSnku vFkkZr~ ^•sy 
fl•krk esy*A gky osQ  o"kks± esa gekjs ns'k esa •syksa dks ysdj 
u;k mRlkg ns•us dks feyk gS ftlls vksyfEiDl] ,f'k;kbZ •sy 
vkSj jk"VªeaMy •sy rFkk vU; fo'oLrjh; çfr;ksfxrkvksa esa csgrj  
ifj.kke ns•us dks fey jgs gSaA çèkkuea=kh Jh ujsaæ eksnh us Hkkjr dks 
fo'o Lrj ij vxz.kh ns'k cukus osQ Øe esa] •syksa ,oa f•ykfM++;ksa 
dh çxfr vkSj çksRlkgu dks yxkrkj vgfe;r nh gSA ;w¡ rks  
laiw.kZ Hkkjr esa •syksa dks ysdj 
•klh tkx#drk gS] ysfdu 
ns'k osQ oqQN jkT;ksa fo'ks"krkSj 
ij >kj•aM] eè; çns'k] 
NÙkhlx<+] vksfM+'kk] mÙkj iwohZ 
jkT;ksa rFkk egkjk"Vª] jktLFkku] 
xqtjkr vkSj if'pe caxky osQ 
tutkrh; cgqy fgLlksa ls Hkh 
cgqr ls ,sls f•ykM+h mHkj 
dj vk, gSa] ftUgksaus jk"Vªh; 
rFkk varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj dh 
çfr;ksfxrkvksa esa vius jkT; 
rFkk ns'k dk uke jks'ku fd;kA 
ns'k osQ oqQN jkT?;ksa fo'ks"krkSj ij >kj•aM] eè; çns'k] NÙkhlx<+] vksfM+'kk] mÙkj iwohZ jkT?;ksa rFkk 
egkjk"Vª] jktLFkku] xqtjkr vkSj if'pe caxky osQ tutkrh; cgqy fgLlksa ls Hkh cgqr ls ,sls f•ykM+h 
mHkj dj vk, gSa] ftUgksaus jk"Vªh; rFkk varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj dh çfr;ksfxrkvksa esa vius jkT; rFkk ns'k dk 
uke jks'ku fd;kA •kl ckr ;s gS fd bu txgksa ij fo"ke HkkSxksfyd ifjfLFkfr;ksa vkSj vke rkSj ij 
fo'oLrjh; •sy lqfoèkkvksa dh vis{kkÑr lhfer miyC?èkrk osQ ckotwn] tutkrh; cgqy {ks=kksa ls mHkjdj 
vkus okys reke f•ykfM++;ksa us ckj&ckj bl dgkor dks lgh lkfcr fd;k gS fd ^^çfrHkk dHkh Hkh 
ijkJ; dh eksgrkt ugha gksrh gSA**
tutkrh; cgqy bykdksa ds f[kykfM+;ksa dk ncnck
f'kosUnz prqosZnh
[ksy&f[kykM+h
•kl ckr ;s gS fd bu txgksa ij fo"ke HkkSxksfyd ifjfLFkfr;ksa 
vkSj vke rkSj ij fo'oLrjh; •sy lqfoèkkvksa dh vis{kkÑr lhfer 
miyCèkrk osQ ckotwn] tutkrh; cgqy {ks=kksa ls mHkjdj vkus okys 
reke f•ykfM++;ksa us ckj&ckj bl dgkor dks lgh lkfcr fd;k 
gS fd ^^çfrHkk dHkh Hkh ijkJ; dh eksgrkt ugha gksrh gSA** ,d 
lPpk deZ;ksxh] viuh yxu] ifjJe vkSj ladYi ls •qn dh 
dke;kch dk jkLrk <wa<rk gS vkSj ml ij liQyrk dh lhf<+;k¡ 
p<+rs gq,] u, vk;ke LFkkfir djrk gSA 
varjkZ"Vªh; 'kksèk laLFkk osQ-ih-,e-th- dh fjiksVZ osQ vuqlkj fo'o 
osQ fofHkUu ns'kksa dh vFkZO;oLFkk esa •syksa dk ldy ?kjsyw mRikn esa 
;ksxnku 1 ls 5 çfr'kr vuqekfur fd;k x;k gSA ;gk¡ rd fd oSf'od 
eanh osQ nkSjku Hkh] o"kZ 2009&13 osQ eè;] •sy cktkj 7 çfr'kr dh 
Hkk
t;iky flag eqaMk
3 tuojh 1903 & 20 ekpZ 1970
48 ;kstuk] tqykbZ 2022
Hkkjr us vc rd vksyafid •syksa 
esa oqQy 10 Lo.kZ lfgr 35 ind 
thrs gSa ftuesa ls 34 çfr'kr ind] 
fliQZ gkWdh esa Hkkjrh; f•ykfM++;ksa us 
gkfly fd, gSaA njvly 1928 ls 
1956 rd yxkrkj 6 vksyafid •syksa 
esa Hkkjrh; gkWdh Vhe us Lo.kZ ind 
gkfly djosQ] lkjh nqfu;k esa rgydk 
epk fn;k FkkA Hkkjrh; gkWdh osQ 
ml Lof.kZe dky esa ns'k dks igyk 
vksyafid Lo.kZ fnykus okyh Vhe 
osQ dIrku dh Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ Fkh 
t;iky flag eqaMk usA
nj ls c<+k] tks fd fo'o dh çeq• vFkZO;oLFkkvksa dh ldy ?kjsyw 
mRikn esa o`f¼ ls vfèkd jgk gSA lkFk gh •sy {ks=k Je&vkèkkfjr gksus 
osQ dkj.k jkst++xkj çnku djus esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk j•rk gSA fo'ks"kdj 
•sy •qnjk O;kikj dk {ks=k] tks vesfjdk esa yxHkx 11 çfr'kr rFkk 
Hkkjr esa yxHkx 6 çfr'kr jkst++xkj çnku djus esa lgk;d gSA vr% 
•sy] •sy&f'k{kk] •sy vuqlaèkku] •sy fpfdRlk] •sy&m|ksx] •sy 
O;kikj rFkk •sy&lsokvksa dks çksRlkfgr djosQ jkT; dh vFkZO;oLFkk 
dks lqn`<+ djus esa lgk;d gks ldrs gSaA 
çkjEHk ls gh tutkrh; cgqy bykdksa osQ f•ykfM++;ksa dk ncnck 
gekjs ns'k osQ •sy bfrgkl esa gkWdh dks csgn fof'k"V LFkku 
gkfly gS vkSj mldk dkj.k gS 1928 osQ ,ELVjMEl vksyafiDl ls 
2021 osQ VksD;ks vksyafiDl rd Hkkjr }kjk gkWdh esa thrs x, 12 
ind ftlesa 8 Lo.kZ] 1 jtr vkSj 3 dkaL; ind 'kkfey gSA Hkkjr 
us vc rd vksyafid •syksa esa oqQy 10 Lo.kZ lfgr 35 ind thrs 
gSa ftuesa ls 34 çfr'kr ind] fliQZ gkWdh esa Hkkjrh; f•ykfM++;ksa us 
gkfly fd, gSaA njvly 1928 ls 1956 rd yxkrkj 6 vksyafid 
•syksa esa Hkkjrh; gkWdh Vhe us Lo.kZ ind gkfly djosQ] lkjh nqfu;k 
esa rgydk epk fn;k FkkA Hkkjrh; gkWdh osQ ml Lof.kZe dky esa ns'k 
dks igyk vksyafid Lo.kZ fnykus okyh Vhe 
osQ dIrku dh Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ Fkh t;iky 
flag eqaMk usA orZeku >kj•aM dh jktèkkuh 
jkaph osQ ikl 3 tuojh 1903 dks tUes 
t;iky flag vlkèkkj.k çfrHkk osQ èkuh Fks 
vkSj 1925 esa vkWDliQksMZ Cyw dk f•rkc 
ikus okys] gkWdh osQ ,dek=k varjkZ"Vªh; 
f•ykM+h FksA f•ykM+h gksus osQ lkFk&lkFk os 
,d tkus ekus jktuhfrK] i=kdkj] ys•d] 
laiknd vkSj f'k{kkfon~ Hkh FksA gkWdh osQ 
eSnku ij Vhe dh j{kkiafDr esa çeq• 
Hkwfedk fuHkkus okys t;iky flag eqaMk] ns'k 
dh lafoèkku lHkk osQ Hkh lnL; jgs vkSj 
vkthou] tutkrh; yksxksa osQ dY;k.k osQ 
fy, ç;kljr jgsA 
1928 osQ ,ELVjMEl vksyafiDl osQ 52 
lky ckn] 1980 osQ ekLdks vksyafid •syksa esa Hkkjrh; Vhe us gkWdh esa 
8oka vkSj vafre Lo.kZ ind thrk vkSj ml le; Hkh] Hkkjrh; Vhe osQ ,d  
egRoiw.kZ lnL; Fks >kj•aM osQ tutkrh; cgqy ft+ys fleMsxk ls 
vkus okys flYosul Mqax MqaxA 27 tuojh 1949 dks tUesa flYosul 
Mqax Mqax 1965 esa Hkkjrh; lsuk esa 'kkfey gq,] ns'k dh lsok dh] 
vksyafid Lo.kZ fotsrk cus vkSj 2016 esa] mUgsa gkWdh osQ •sy esa 
thoui;±r ;ksxnku osQ fy, æks.kkpk;Z iqjLdkj ls lEekfur fd;k x;kA 
fiNys o"kZ VksD;ks vksyafid •syksa esa 41 lky osQ yacs varjky osQ ckn 
Hkkjrh; iq#"k gkWdh Vhe us iksfM;e fiQfu'k djrs gq, dkaL; ind 
gkfly fd;k vkSj bl Vhe osQ midIrku FksA vksfM+'kk osQ tutkrh; 
cgqy ft+ys lqanjx<+ esa tUesa chjsanj ydjkA ,f'k;kbZ •syksa dh  
Lo.kZ vkSj jtr ind fotsrk Hkkjrh; Vhe dk fgLlk jgs ohjsanj ydjk 
dk iwjk ifjokj gh gkWdh ls tqM+k gSA chjsanj osQ cM+s HkkbZ fcey Hkh 
feMiQhYMj osQ rkSj ij Hkkjr osQ fy, •sy pqosQ gSa vkSj mudh cgu 
vlqark ydjk] Hkkjrh; efgyk gkWdh Vhe dk usr`Ro Hkh dj pqdh gSaA
gkWdh dh ulZjh
•kl ckr ;s gS fd fleMsxk ft+ys dks vkt gkWdh dh ulZjh dgk 
tkrk gS vkSj ns'k osQ tutkrh; cgqy vapy esa fLFkr bl ft+ys esa 
gkWdh osQ çf'k{k.k dh vR;kèkqfud lqfoèkk,¡ 
miyCèk djkbZ xbZ gSaA laHkor% ;gh dkj.k 
gS fd C;wVh MqaxMqax] çeksfnuh ydjk] jtuh 
djosQjk] efgek VsVs] nhfidk lksjsx vkSj 
dkty ckjk tSls ;qok f•ykM+h] Hkkjrh; 
efgyk gkWdh esa 'kkfey gksus dh vksj vkxs 
c<+rs ut+j vk jgs gSaA fleMsxk ft+ys dk 
fooj.k ogk¡ dh èkjrh ls vorfjr gq, 
,d vkSj 'kkunkj gkWdh f•ykM+h ekbdy 
foaQMks osQ ftØ osQ fcuk vèkwjk jgsxkA vtZqu 
iqjLdkj ls uokt++s x, j{kk iafDr osQ csgrjhu 
f•ykM+h ekbdy foaQMks] 1972 osQ E;wfu• 
vksyafid esa dkaL; ind thrus okyh 
Hkkjrh; gkWdh Vhe osQ lnL; FksA 1971] 
1973 vkSj 1975 osQ gkWdh fo'o di esa 
Hkkjrh; Vhe us dkaL;] jtr vkSj Lo.kZ ind 
lyhek VsVs (ck,¡) vkSj fuDdh çèkku (nk,¡)] tks Øe'k% vkfnoklh cgqy fleMsxk vkSj •waVh ftyksa ls vkrh gSa] Hkkjrh; efgyk gkWdh Vhe dh  
çeq• f•ykM+h Fkha ftUgksaus VksD;ks esa ,sfrgkfld vkSj mRlkgh çn'kZu fd;kA
;kstuk] tqykbZ 2022 49
gkfly fd, Fks vkSj ml Vhe dk vge fgLlk Fks fleMsxk osQ liwr 
ekbdy foaQMksA
Hkkjrh; iq#"k gkWdh Vhe us VksD;ks esa dkaL; ind thrk vkSj 
Hkkjrh; efgyk gkWdh Vhe] csgn ;knxkj vkSj thoV Hkjs çn'kZu 
osQ ckotwn VksD;ks vksyafiDl esa dkaL; ind ls pwd xbZA VksD;ks 
esa ,sfrgkfld çn'kZu djus okyh Hkkjrh; efgyk gkWdh Vhe dh 
egRoiw.kZ lnL;k Fkha lyhek VsVs vkSj fuDdh çèkku] tks tutkrh; 
cgqy fleMsxk vkSj •waVh ft+yksa ls vkrh gSaA njvly 2016 osQ fj;ks 
vksyafid •syksa esa Hkkjr dk çfrfufèkRo djus okyh fuDdh çèkku] 
>kj•aM dh igyh efgyk gkWdh f•ykM+h Fkha ftUgsa •syksa osQ bl egk 
vk;kstu dk fgLlk cuus dk xkSjo gkfly gqvk FkkA
rhjankth esa ns'k dk ijpe
gkWdh osQ vykok rhjankth ,d ,slk •sy gS ftlesa tutkrh; 
cgqy bykdksa ls cgqr&lh çfrHkk,¡ mHkj dj lkeus vkbZ vkSj mUgksaus 
reke fo'oLrjh; çfr;ksfxrkvksa esa ns'k dk ijpe iQgjk;k gSA nhfidk 
oqQekjh ,slh gh ,d f•ykM+h gSa tks viuh uSlfxZd çfrHkk vkSj esgur 
osQ la;kstu ls nqfu;k dh uacj ,d rhjankt cuhA iÁJh vkSj vtZqu 
iqjLdkj ls uokt++h tk pqdh nhfidk us 2012 esa yanu] 2016 esa fj;ks 
rFkk 2021 esa VksD;ks vksyafid •syksa esa ns'k dk çfrfufèkRo fd;kA 
lPpkbZ ;gh gS fd liQyrk dh lhf<+;k¡ p<+us osQ fy, nhfidk us 
yEck jkLrk r; fd;k gS vkSj cpiu esa tc muosQ ikl vH;kl 
osQ fy, rhj deku miyCèk ugha gksrs Fks] os iRFkj ls vke osQ iQy 
rksM+dj] viuk fu'kkuk nq#Lr djrh FkhA 
tutkrh; cgqy bykdks ls vkus okys çfrHkk'kkyh rhjanktksa esa 
^xksYMu Cok;* osQ uke ls e'kgwj gq, ^xksjk gks* dk uke Hkh 'kkfey 
gS] ftUgsa 2015 esa jk"Vªh; cky iqjLdkj ls uokt+k x;k FkkA >kj•aM ls 
vkus okys çfl¼ rhjanktksa esa latho oqQekj flag dk uke Hkh 'kkfey 
gS ftUgsa f•ykM+h osQ rkSj ij vtZqu iqjLdkj vkSj fiQj çf'k{kd osQ rkSj 
ij æks.kkpk;Z iqjLdkj ls lEekfur fd;k tk pqdk gSA buosQ vykok 
fjfey cqfjmyh] iwf.kZek egrks] y{ehjkuh ek>h] dksekfydk ckjh rFkk 
laxhrk oqQekjh oqQN ,sls rhjankt gS tks ns'k osQ lcls ;qok jkT;ksa esa 
'kkfey >kj•aM ls fudy dj] varjkZ"Vªh; rhjankth ifjn`'; ij Nk 
x,A blh rjg jktLFkku ls fyackjke] ';keyky eh.kk] jtr pkSgku 
vkSj NÙkhlx<+ ls lkuan fe=kk oqQN ,sls rhjankt gSa ftUgksaus varjkZ"Vªh; 
Lrj dh çfr;ksfxrkvksa esa ns'k osQ fy, ind thrs vkSj Hkkjr dk 
ijpe iQgjk;kA 
mijksDr f•ykfM++;ksa dh varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij dke;kch blfy, 
vkSj Hkh ç'kaluh; dgh tk ldrh gS fd ns'k osQ tutkrh; cgqy 
bykdksa ls vkus okys T;knkrj f•ykM+h ;k rks fdlku ifjokj ls vkrs 
gSa ;k fiQj ,slh i`"BHkwfe ls] tgk¡ thou;kiu] vius vki esa la?k"kZ dk 
i;kZ; dgk tk ldrk gS vkSj •syowQn dk eSnku rFkk ogk¡ miyCèk 
gksus okyh lqfoèkk,¡] ,sls f•ykfM+;ksa osQ fy, lius ls T;knk oqQN ugha 
gksrhA reke foijhr ifjfLFkfr;ksa osQ ckotwn vxj tutkrh; {ks=kksa ls 
f•ykM+h vkxs fudys gSa vkSj mUgksaus viuh ,d •kl igpku cukbZ gS] 
rks ;g fuf'pr rkSj ij] muosQ dM+s la?k"kZ] vFkd ifjJe] tUetkr 
çfrHkk vkSj dHkh gkj u ekuus okyh ço`fÙk dk gh ifjpk;d dgk 
tk ldrk gSA
f•ykfM++;ksa dks çksRlkgu dh uhfr;k¡
tutkrh; {ks=kksa esa ekStwn çfrHkk'kkyh f•ykfM++;ksa dh igpku] 
muosQ laoèkZu ,oa çf'k{k.k osQ fy, mfpr lqfoèkk,¡ miyCèk djkuk 
vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij csgrj çn'kZu osQ fy, mUgsa leqfpr ekgkSy 
miyCèk djkus dk osQaæ ljdkj rFkk lacafèkr jkT; ljdkjksa }kjk 
yxkrkj ç;kl fd;k tk jgk gSA blh Øe esa NÙkhlx<+ ljdkj osQ 
•sy ,oa ;qok dY;k.k foHkkx }kjk yxHkx 5 o"kZ igys ,d foLr`r 
uhfr dh ?kks"k.kk dh xbZ FkhA njvly 1 uoacj 2000 dks NÙkhlx<+ 
osQ xBu osQ ckn gh] o"kZ 2001 esa •sy uhfr dk ,syku gqvk FkkA 
bldk y{; jkT; esa •sy laLÑfr dk l`tu djus osQ lkFk&lkFk 
fofHkUu •sy ;kstukvksa ,oa dk;ZØeksa dk fØ;kUo;u iapk;r Lrj 
rd djuk FkkA NÙkhlx<+ jkT; esa fofHkUu •syksa ,oa f•ykfM+;ksa dks 
çksRlkfgr ,oa fodflr djus gsrq NÙkhlx<+ •sy uhfr 2017 osQ 
vUrxZr j.kuhfrd n`f‘dks.k viukus ij t+ksj fn;k x;k gS ftlosQ 
rgr jkT; osQ lHkh ft+yksa esa fofHkUu •syksa esa mRÑ"V lkeF;Zoku ,oa 
{kerkoku f•ykfM+;ksa dh igpku djuk 'kkfey gSA
lkFk gh fofHkUu ft+yksa esa vk;ksftr gksus okyh •sy çfr;ksfxrk,¡] 
ft+ys osQ jgokfl;ksa osQ eè; •sy osQ çfr #>ku] ft+ys osQ fd'kksj ,oa 
;qokvksa dh 'kkjhfjd ,oa ekufld {kerk osQ vuq:i mi;qDr •syksa 
dh igpku dj lacafèkr ft+ys esa fofHkUu •syksa dks çksRlkfgr fd;k 
tkuk Hkh] NÙkhlx<+ •sy uhfr dk vge mís'; gSA
jkT; esa •syksa ,oa f•ykfM+;ksa dks fodflr djus rFkk NÙkhlx<+ 
dks fofHkUu jk"Vªh; ,oa varjkZ"Vªh; •syksa esa viuh xkSjoe;h igpku dks 
c<+kus gsrq jkT; osQ 'kkldh;] v¼Z'kkldh;] futh {ks=k dh laLFkkvksa] 
lkoZtfud {ks=k osQ miØeksa] xSj ljdkjh laLFkkvksa] vU; jk"Vªh;@
varjkZ"Vªh; laLFkkuksa] fuokZfpr tu çfrfufèk;ksa ,oa çfl¼ O;fDr;ksa dks 
,d •sy ,oa ,d f•ykM+h ;k dksbZ Hkh ,d (f•ykM+h ;k •sy) 
dks xksn ysus gsrq çksRlkfgr fd, tkus dk vfHkuo ç;kl Hkh] •sy 
uhfr dk fgLlk gSA
foÙk la;kstu osQ rgr jkT; dh ft+yk •fut fufèk dk ,d 
fuf'pr çfr'kr mi;ksx •syksa ,oa f•ykfM+;ksa dks fodflr rFkk 
çksRlkfgr djus esa fd, tkus dk çkoèkku gSA bl uhfr osQ rgr 
•sy laoèkZu ifj"kn] •sy la?kksa rFkk LFkkuh; iapk;rh jkt laLFkkvksa 
dks l'kDr cuk;k tkuk vko';d gS rkfd os fofHkUu •syksa 
,oa f•ykfM+;ksa dks yksdfç; cuk dj] yksxksa dks •sy&owQn dh 
xfrfofèk;ksa ls tksM+ losQaA
VksD;ks 2020 vksyafid esa chjsaæ ykdM+k
Page 4


;kstuk] tqykbZ 2022 47
ys[kd ofj"B [ksy desaVsVj gSaA bZesy% shivendra68@gmail.com
jr] HkkSxksfyd ,oa lkaLÑfrd fofoèkrk laiUu ns'k 
gS tgk¡ jgus okyksa dk èkeZ] Hkk"kk,¡] os'kHkw"kk vkSj 
•ku&iku vyx&vyx gksus osQ ckotwn] Hkkjrh;rk 
dh Hkkouk] ns'kokfl;ksa dks ,d lw=k esa fijksus dk dke djrh 
gS ;kuh vusdrk esa ,drk gS] Hkkjr dh fo'ks"krkA viusiu dh 
bl Hkkouk dks vkSj lqn`<+ cukrk gS •sy dk eSnku vFkkZr~ ^•sy 
fl•krk esy*A gky osQ  o"kks± esa gekjs ns'k esa •syksa dks ysdj 
u;k mRlkg ns•us dks feyk gS ftlls vksyfEiDl] ,f'k;kbZ •sy 
vkSj jk"VªeaMy •sy rFkk vU; fo'oLrjh; çfr;ksfxrkvksa esa csgrj  
ifj.kke ns•us dks fey jgs gSaA çèkkuea=kh Jh ujsaæ eksnh us Hkkjr dks 
fo'o Lrj ij vxz.kh ns'k cukus osQ Øe esa] •syksa ,oa f•ykfM++;ksa 
dh çxfr vkSj çksRlkgu dks yxkrkj vgfe;r nh gSA ;w¡ rks  
laiw.kZ Hkkjr esa •syksa dks ysdj 
•klh tkx#drk gS] ysfdu 
ns'k osQ oqQN jkT;ksa fo'ks"krkSj 
ij >kj•aM] eè; çns'k] 
NÙkhlx<+] vksfM+'kk] mÙkj iwohZ 
jkT;ksa rFkk egkjk"Vª] jktLFkku] 
xqtjkr vkSj if'pe caxky osQ 
tutkrh; cgqy fgLlksa ls Hkh 
cgqr ls ,sls f•ykM+h mHkj 
dj vk, gSa] ftUgksaus jk"Vªh; 
rFkk varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj dh 
çfr;ksfxrkvksa esa vius jkT; 
rFkk ns'k dk uke jks'ku fd;kA 
ns'k osQ oqQN jkT?;ksa fo'ks"krkSj ij >kj•aM] eè; çns'k] NÙkhlx<+] vksfM+'kk] mÙkj iwohZ jkT?;ksa rFkk 
egkjk"Vª] jktLFkku] xqtjkr vkSj if'pe caxky osQ tutkrh; cgqy fgLlksa ls Hkh cgqr ls ,sls f•ykM+h 
mHkj dj vk, gSa] ftUgksaus jk"Vªh; rFkk varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj dh çfr;ksfxrkvksa esa vius jkT; rFkk ns'k dk 
uke jks'ku fd;kA •kl ckr ;s gS fd bu txgksa ij fo"ke HkkSxksfyd ifjfLFkfr;ksa vkSj vke rkSj ij 
fo'oLrjh; •sy lqfoèkkvksa dh vis{kkÑr lhfer miyC?èkrk osQ ckotwn] tutkrh; cgqy {ks=kksa ls mHkjdj 
vkus okys reke f•ykfM++;ksa us ckj&ckj bl dgkor dks lgh lkfcr fd;k gS fd ^^çfrHkk dHkh Hkh 
ijkJ; dh eksgrkt ugha gksrh gSA**
tutkrh; cgqy bykdksa ds f[kykfM+;ksa dk ncnck
f'kosUnz prqosZnh
[ksy&f[kykM+h
•kl ckr ;s gS fd bu txgksa ij fo"ke HkkSxksfyd ifjfLFkfr;ksa 
vkSj vke rkSj ij fo'oLrjh; •sy lqfoèkkvksa dh vis{kkÑr lhfer 
miyCèkrk osQ ckotwn] tutkrh; cgqy {ks=kksa ls mHkjdj vkus okys 
reke f•ykfM++;ksa us ckj&ckj bl dgkor dks lgh lkfcr fd;k 
gS fd ^^çfrHkk dHkh Hkh ijkJ; dh eksgrkt ugha gksrh gSA** ,d 
lPpk deZ;ksxh] viuh yxu] ifjJe vkSj ladYi ls •qn dh 
dke;kch dk jkLrk <wa<rk gS vkSj ml ij liQyrk dh lhf<+;k¡ 
p<+rs gq,] u, vk;ke LFkkfir djrk gSA 
varjkZ"Vªh; 'kksèk laLFkk osQ-ih-,e-th- dh fjiksVZ osQ vuqlkj fo'o 
osQ fofHkUu ns'kksa dh vFkZO;oLFkk esa •syksa dk ldy ?kjsyw mRikn esa 
;ksxnku 1 ls 5 çfr'kr vuqekfur fd;k x;k gSA ;gk¡ rd fd oSf'od 
eanh osQ nkSjku Hkh] o"kZ 2009&13 osQ eè;] •sy cktkj 7 çfr'kr dh 
Hkk
t;iky flag eqaMk
3 tuojh 1903 & 20 ekpZ 1970
48 ;kstuk] tqykbZ 2022
Hkkjr us vc rd vksyafid •syksa 
esa oqQy 10 Lo.kZ lfgr 35 ind 
thrs gSa ftuesa ls 34 çfr'kr ind] 
fliQZ gkWdh esa Hkkjrh; f•ykfM++;ksa us 
gkfly fd, gSaA njvly 1928 ls 
1956 rd yxkrkj 6 vksyafid •syksa 
esa Hkkjrh; gkWdh Vhe us Lo.kZ ind 
gkfly djosQ] lkjh nqfu;k esa rgydk 
epk fn;k FkkA Hkkjrh; gkWdh osQ 
ml Lof.kZe dky esa ns'k dks igyk 
vksyafid Lo.kZ fnykus okyh Vhe 
osQ dIrku dh Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ Fkh 
t;iky flag eqaMk usA
nj ls c<+k] tks fd fo'o dh çeq• vFkZO;oLFkkvksa dh ldy ?kjsyw 
mRikn esa o`f¼ ls vfèkd jgk gSA lkFk gh •sy {ks=k Je&vkèkkfjr gksus 
osQ dkj.k jkst++xkj çnku djus esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk j•rk gSA fo'ks"kdj 
•sy •qnjk O;kikj dk {ks=k] tks vesfjdk esa yxHkx 11 çfr'kr rFkk 
Hkkjr esa yxHkx 6 çfr'kr jkst++xkj çnku djus esa lgk;d gSA vr% 
•sy] •sy&f'k{kk] •sy vuqlaèkku] •sy fpfdRlk] •sy&m|ksx] •sy 
O;kikj rFkk •sy&lsokvksa dks çksRlkfgr djosQ jkT; dh vFkZO;oLFkk 
dks lqn`<+ djus esa lgk;d gks ldrs gSaA 
çkjEHk ls gh tutkrh; cgqy bykdksa osQ f•ykfM++;ksa dk ncnck 
gekjs ns'k osQ •sy bfrgkl esa gkWdh dks csgn fof'k"V LFkku 
gkfly gS vkSj mldk dkj.k gS 1928 osQ ,ELVjMEl vksyafiDl ls 
2021 osQ VksD;ks vksyafiDl rd Hkkjr }kjk gkWdh esa thrs x, 12 
ind ftlesa 8 Lo.kZ] 1 jtr vkSj 3 dkaL; ind 'kkfey gSA Hkkjr 
us vc rd vksyafid •syksa esa oqQy 10 Lo.kZ lfgr 35 ind thrs 
gSa ftuesa ls 34 çfr'kr ind] fliQZ gkWdh esa Hkkjrh; f•ykfM++;ksa us 
gkfly fd, gSaA njvly 1928 ls 1956 rd yxkrkj 6 vksyafid 
•syksa esa Hkkjrh; gkWdh Vhe us Lo.kZ ind gkfly djosQ] lkjh nqfu;k 
esa rgydk epk fn;k FkkA Hkkjrh; gkWdh osQ ml Lof.kZe dky esa ns'k 
dks igyk vksyafid Lo.kZ fnykus okyh Vhe 
osQ dIrku dh Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ Fkh t;iky 
flag eqaMk usA orZeku >kj•aM dh jktèkkuh 
jkaph osQ ikl 3 tuojh 1903 dks tUes 
t;iky flag vlkèkkj.k çfrHkk osQ èkuh Fks 
vkSj 1925 esa vkWDliQksMZ Cyw dk f•rkc 
ikus okys] gkWdh osQ ,dek=k varjkZ"Vªh; 
f•ykM+h FksA f•ykM+h gksus osQ lkFk&lkFk os 
,d tkus ekus jktuhfrK] i=kdkj] ys•d] 
laiknd vkSj f'k{kkfon~ Hkh FksA gkWdh osQ 
eSnku ij Vhe dh j{kkiafDr esa çeq• 
Hkwfedk fuHkkus okys t;iky flag eqaMk] ns'k 
dh lafoèkku lHkk osQ Hkh lnL; jgs vkSj 
vkthou] tutkrh; yksxksa osQ dY;k.k osQ 
fy, ç;kljr jgsA 
1928 osQ ,ELVjMEl vksyafiDl osQ 52 
lky ckn] 1980 osQ ekLdks vksyafid •syksa esa Hkkjrh; Vhe us gkWdh esa 
8oka vkSj vafre Lo.kZ ind thrk vkSj ml le; Hkh] Hkkjrh; Vhe osQ ,d  
egRoiw.kZ lnL; Fks >kj•aM osQ tutkrh; cgqy ft+ys fleMsxk ls 
vkus okys flYosul Mqax MqaxA 27 tuojh 1949 dks tUesa flYosul 
Mqax Mqax 1965 esa Hkkjrh; lsuk esa 'kkfey gq,] ns'k dh lsok dh] 
vksyafid Lo.kZ fotsrk cus vkSj 2016 esa] mUgsa gkWdh osQ •sy esa 
thoui;±r ;ksxnku osQ fy, æks.kkpk;Z iqjLdkj ls lEekfur fd;k x;kA 
fiNys o"kZ VksD;ks vksyafid •syksa esa 41 lky osQ yacs varjky osQ ckn 
Hkkjrh; iq#"k gkWdh Vhe us iksfM;e fiQfu'k djrs gq, dkaL; ind 
gkfly fd;k vkSj bl Vhe osQ midIrku FksA vksfM+'kk osQ tutkrh; 
cgqy ft+ys lqanjx<+ esa tUesa chjsanj ydjkA ,f'k;kbZ •syksa dh  
Lo.kZ vkSj jtr ind fotsrk Hkkjrh; Vhe dk fgLlk jgs ohjsanj ydjk 
dk iwjk ifjokj gh gkWdh ls tqM+k gSA chjsanj osQ cM+s HkkbZ fcey Hkh 
feMiQhYMj osQ rkSj ij Hkkjr osQ fy, •sy pqosQ gSa vkSj mudh cgu 
vlqark ydjk] Hkkjrh; efgyk gkWdh Vhe dk usr`Ro Hkh dj pqdh gSaA
gkWdh dh ulZjh
•kl ckr ;s gS fd fleMsxk ft+ys dks vkt gkWdh dh ulZjh dgk 
tkrk gS vkSj ns'k osQ tutkrh; cgqy vapy esa fLFkr bl ft+ys esa 
gkWdh osQ çf'k{k.k dh vR;kèkqfud lqfoèkk,¡ 
miyCèk djkbZ xbZ gSaA laHkor% ;gh dkj.k 
gS fd C;wVh MqaxMqax] çeksfnuh ydjk] jtuh 
djosQjk] efgek VsVs] nhfidk lksjsx vkSj 
dkty ckjk tSls ;qok f•ykM+h] Hkkjrh; 
efgyk gkWdh esa 'kkfey gksus dh vksj vkxs 
c<+rs ut+j vk jgs gSaA fleMsxk ft+ys dk 
fooj.k ogk¡ dh èkjrh ls vorfjr gq, 
,d vkSj 'kkunkj gkWdh f•ykM+h ekbdy 
foaQMks osQ ftØ osQ fcuk vèkwjk jgsxkA vtZqu 
iqjLdkj ls uokt++s x, j{kk iafDr osQ csgrjhu 
f•ykM+h ekbdy foaQMks] 1972 osQ E;wfu• 
vksyafid esa dkaL; ind thrus okyh 
Hkkjrh; gkWdh Vhe osQ lnL; FksA 1971] 
1973 vkSj 1975 osQ gkWdh fo'o di esa 
Hkkjrh; Vhe us dkaL;] jtr vkSj Lo.kZ ind 
lyhek VsVs (ck,¡) vkSj fuDdh çèkku (nk,¡)] tks Øe'k% vkfnoklh cgqy fleMsxk vkSj •waVh ftyksa ls vkrh gSa] Hkkjrh; efgyk gkWdh Vhe dh  
çeq• f•ykM+h Fkha ftUgksaus VksD;ks esa ,sfrgkfld vkSj mRlkgh çn'kZu fd;kA
;kstuk] tqykbZ 2022 49
gkfly fd, Fks vkSj ml Vhe dk vge fgLlk Fks fleMsxk osQ liwr 
ekbdy foaQMksA
Hkkjrh; iq#"k gkWdh Vhe us VksD;ks esa dkaL; ind thrk vkSj 
Hkkjrh; efgyk gkWdh Vhe] csgn ;knxkj vkSj thoV Hkjs çn'kZu 
osQ ckotwn VksD;ks vksyafiDl esa dkaL; ind ls pwd xbZA VksD;ks 
esa ,sfrgkfld çn'kZu djus okyh Hkkjrh; efgyk gkWdh Vhe dh 
egRoiw.kZ lnL;k Fkha lyhek VsVs vkSj fuDdh çèkku] tks tutkrh; 
cgqy fleMsxk vkSj •waVh ft+yksa ls vkrh gSaA njvly 2016 osQ fj;ks 
vksyafid •syksa esa Hkkjr dk çfrfufèkRo djus okyh fuDdh çèkku] 
>kj•aM dh igyh efgyk gkWdh f•ykM+h Fkha ftUgsa •syksa osQ bl egk 
vk;kstu dk fgLlk cuus dk xkSjo gkfly gqvk FkkA
rhjankth esa ns'k dk ijpe
gkWdh osQ vykok rhjankth ,d ,slk •sy gS ftlesa tutkrh; 
cgqy bykdksa ls cgqr&lh çfrHkk,¡ mHkj dj lkeus vkbZ vkSj mUgksaus 
reke fo'oLrjh; çfr;ksfxrkvksa esa ns'k dk ijpe iQgjk;k gSA nhfidk 
oqQekjh ,slh gh ,d f•ykM+h gSa tks viuh uSlfxZd çfrHkk vkSj esgur 
osQ la;kstu ls nqfu;k dh uacj ,d rhjankt cuhA iÁJh vkSj vtZqu 
iqjLdkj ls uokt++h tk pqdh nhfidk us 2012 esa yanu] 2016 esa fj;ks 
rFkk 2021 esa VksD;ks vksyafid •syksa esa ns'k dk çfrfufèkRo fd;kA 
lPpkbZ ;gh gS fd liQyrk dh lhf<+;k¡ p<+us osQ fy, nhfidk us 
yEck jkLrk r; fd;k gS vkSj cpiu esa tc muosQ ikl vH;kl 
osQ fy, rhj deku miyCèk ugha gksrs Fks] os iRFkj ls vke osQ iQy 
rksM+dj] viuk fu'kkuk nq#Lr djrh FkhA 
tutkrh; cgqy bykdks ls vkus okys çfrHkk'kkyh rhjanktksa esa 
^xksYMu Cok;* osQ uke ls e'kgwj gq, ^xksjk gks* dk uke Hkh 'kkfey 
gS] ftUgsa 2015 esa jk"Vªh; cky iqjLdkj ls uokt+k x;k FkkA >kj•aM ls 
vkus okys çfl¼ rhjanktksa esa latho oqQekj flag dk uke Hkh 'kkfey 
gS ftUgsa f•ykM+h osQ rkSj ij vtZqu iqjLdkj vkSj fiQj çf'k{kd osQ rkSj 
ij æks.kkpk;Z iqjLdkj ls lEekfur fd;k tk pqdk gSA buosQ vykok 
fjfey cqfjmyh] iwf.kZek egrks] y{ehjkuh ek>h] dksekfydk ckjh rFkk 
laxhrk oqQekjh oqQN ,sls rhjankt gS tks ns'k osQ lcls ;qok jkT;ksa esa 
'kkfey >kj•aM ls fudy dj] varjkZ"Vªh; rhjankth ifjn`'; ij Nk 
x,A blh rjg jktLFkku ls fyackjke] ';keyky eh.kk] jtr pkSgku 
vkSj NÙkhlx<+ ls lkuan fe=kk oqQN ,sls rhjankt gSa ftUgksaus varjkZ"Vªh; 
Lrj dh çfr;ksfxrkvksa esa ns'k osQ fy, ind thrs vkSj Hkkjr dk 
ijpe iQgjk;kA 
mijksDr f•ykfM++;ksa dh varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij dke;kch blfy, 
vkSj Hkh ç'kaluh; dgh tk ldrh gS fd ns'k osQ tutkrh; cgqy 
bykdksa ls vkus okys T;knkrj f•ykM+h ;k rks fdlku ifjokj ls vkrs 
gSa ;k fiQj ,slh i`"BHkwfe ls] tgk¡ thou;kiu] vius vki esa la?k"kZ dk 
i;kZ; dgk tk ldrk gS vkSj •syowQn dk eSnku rFkk ogk¡ miyCèk 
gksus okyh lqfoèkk,¡] ,sls f•ykfM+;ksa osQ fy, lius ls T;knk oqQN ugha 
gksrhA reke foijhr ifjfLFkfr;ksa osQ ckotwn vxj tutkrh; {ks=kksa ls 
f•ykM+h vkxs fudys gSa vkSj mUgksaus viuh ,d •kl igpku cukbZ gS] 
rks ;g fuf'pr rkSj ij] muosQ dM+s la?k"kZ] vFkd ifjJe] tUetkr 
çfrHkk vkSj dHkh gkj u ekuus okyh ço`fÙk dk gh ifjpk;d dgk 
tk ldrk gSA
f•ykfM++;ksa dks çksRlkgu dh uhfr;k¡
tutkrh; {ks=kksa esa ekStwn çfrHkk'kkyh f•ykfM++;ksa dh igpku] 
muosQ laoèkZu ,oa çf'k{k.k osQ fy, mfpr lqfoèkk,¡ miyCèk djkuk 
vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij csgrj çn'kZu osQ fy, mUgsa leqfpr ekgkSy 
miyCèk djkus dk osQaæ ljdkj rFkk lacafèkr jkT; ljdkjksa }kjk 
yxkrkj ç;kl fd;k tk jgk gSA blh Øe esa NÙkhlx<+ ljdkj osQ 
•sy ,oa ;qok dY;k.k foHkkx }kjk yxHkx 5 o"kZ igys ,d foLr`r 
uhfr dh ?kks"k.kk dh xbZ FkhA njvly 1 uoacj 2000 dks NÙkhlx<+ 
osQ xBu osQ ckn gh] o"kZ 2001 esa •sy uhfr dk ,syku gqvk FkkA 
bldk y{; jkT; esa •sy laLÑfr dk l`tu djus osQ lkFk&lkFk 
fofHkUu •sy ;kstukvksa ,oa dk;ZØeksa dk fØ;kUo;u iapk;r Lrj 
rd djuk FkkA NÙkhlx<+ jkT; esa fofHkUu •syksa ,oa f•ykfM+;ksa dks 
çksRlkfgr ,oa fodflr djus gsrq NÙkhlx<+ •sy uhfr 2017 osQ 
vUrxZr j.kuhfrd n`f‘dks.k viukus ij t+ksj fn;k x;k gS ftlosQ 
rgr jkT; osQ lHkh ft+yksa esa fofHkUu •syksa esa mRÑ"V lkeF;Zoku ,oa 
{kerkoku f•ykfM+;ksa dh igpku djuk 'kkfey gSA
lkFk gh fofHkUu ft+yksa esa vk;ksftr gksus okyh •sy çfr;ksfxrk,¡] 
ft+ys osQ jgokfl;ksa osQ eè; •sy osQ çfr #>ku] ft+ys osQ fd'kksj ,oa 
;qokvksa dh 'kkjhfjd ,oa ekufld {kerk osQ vuq:i mi;qDr •syksa 
dh igpku dj lacafèkr ft+ys esa fofHkUu •syksa dks çksRlkfgr fd;k 
tkuk Hkh] NÙkhlx<+ •sy uhfr dk vge mís'; gSA
jkT; esa •syksa ,oa f•ykfM+;ksa dks fodflr djus rFkk NÙkhlx<+ 
dks fofHkUu jk"Vªh; ,oa varjkZ"Vªh; •syksa esa viuh xkSjoe;h igpku dks 
c<+kus gsrq jkT; osQ 'kkldh;] v¼Z'kkldh;] futh {ks=k dh laLFkkvksa] 
lkoZtfud {ks=k osQ miØeksa] xSj ljdkjh laLFkkvksa] vU; jk"Vªh;@
varjkZ"Vªh; laLFkkuksa] fuokZfpr tu çfrfufèk;ksa ,oa çfl¼ O;fDr;ksa dks 
,d •sy ,oa ,d f•ykM+h ;k dksbZ Hkh ,d (f•ykM+h ;k •sy) 
dks xksn ysus gsrq çksRlkfgr fd, tkus dk vfHkuo ç;kl Hkh] •sy 
uhfr dk fgLlk gSA
foÙk la;kstu osQ rgr jkT; dh ft+yk •fut fufèk dk ,d 
fuf'pr çfr'kr mi;ksx •syksa ,oa f•ykfM+;ksa dks fodflr rFkk 
çksRlkfgr djus esa fd, tkus dk çkoèkku gSA bl uhfr osQ rgr 
•sy laoèkZu ifj"kn] •sy la?kksa rFkk LFkkuh; iapk;rh jkt laLFkkvksa 
dks l'kDr cuk;k tkuk vko';d gS rkfd os fofHkUu •syksa 
,oa f•ykfM+;ksa dks yksdfç; cuk dj] yksxksa dks •sy&owQn dh 
xfrfofèk;ksa ls tksM+ losQaA
VksD;ks 2020 vksyafid esa chjsaæ ykdM+k
50 ;kstuk] tqykbZ 2022
NÙkhlx<+ dh rjg eè; çns'k esa Hkh 
'kkldh; Lrj ij tutkrh; cgqy {ks=kksa esa 
•sy çfrHkkvksa dks c<+kok nsus dk lfØ; 
ç;kl gks jgk gSA çns'k esa çFke •sy uhfr 
o"kZ 1989 esa cukbZ xbZ Fkh rFkk 5 o"kZ 
i'pkr mldk ewY;k¡du dj o"kZ 1994 esa 
iqu% ubZ •sy uhfr cukbZ xbZA bl •sy uhfr 
esa çns'k osQ •syksa osQ fodkl osQ fofHkUu 
igyw 'kkfey FksA eè; çns'k esa •syksa osQ 
laoèkZu osQ fy, ?kksf"kr uohure uhfr dk 
mís'; thou esa •syksa ,oa 'kkjhfjd f'k{kk 
dh egÙkk dks n`f‘xr j•rs gq,] ;qokvksa dh 
çfrHkk ,oa ÅtkZ dk ldkjkRed mi;ksx djuk gSA ukxfjdksa esa •sy] 
;qok rFkk lkgfld xfrfofèk;ksa osQ çfr mRlkg ,oa blosQ ekè;e 
ls jk"Vªh;rk] eS=kh] lkekftd lejlrk rFkk lkSgknZiw.kZ çfrLièkkZ dh 
Hkkouk dks tkx`r djuk Hkh] •sy uhfr dk mís'; dgk tk ldrk gSA 
•syksa esa eè; çns'k dks jk"Vªh; vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij mBkuk rFkk 
çns'k osQ ;qokvksa dh ÅtkZ dks jkT; ,oa ns'k osQ fodkl osQ fy, 
çksRlkfgr dj mldk mi;ksx djuk •sy uhfr esa fufgr gSA 
eè; çns'k •sy laoèkZu uhfr osQ rgr oqQN uhfr fuèkkZjd 
fcUnqvksa dh igpku dh xbZ gS ftlesa çeq• gS vèkkslajpuk dk 
fodklA blosQ vUrxZr çR;sd xzke esa] iapk;r dks •ks&•ks] dcM~Mh] 
oqQ'rh ,oa okWyhcky vkfn •syksa osQ fy, ,d •sy eSnku pj.kc¼ 
rjhosQ ls rS;kj djuk çLrkfor gSA blosQ vykok ,sls ft+yk eq[;ky;] 
ftuesa ifjiw.kZ •sy ifjlj ugha gS] muesa ifjiw.kZ •sy ifjlj dk 
fuekZ.k fd;k tkuk Hkh çLrkfor fd;k x;k gSA
jk‘ªh; •syksa esa fd, x, çn'kZu] çkIr indksa rFkk •sy lqfoèkkvksa 
dh orZeku esa miyCèkrk dks è;ku esa j•rs gq, •syksa ij è;ku 
osQfUær fd;k tkuk pkfg,] ftlesa ,FksysfVDl] oqQ'rh] •ks&•ks] 
dcM~Mh] okyhckWy] rSjkdh] osQuksb±x&D;kfoaQx] rkbZDokaMks] twMks] gkWdh] 
ckLosQVcky] fu'kkusckth rFkk ?kqM+lokjh 'kkfey gSA vkfnoklh {ks=kksa 
esa dcM~Mh] jLlkdlh] rst+ nkSM+ rFkk Å¡phowQn] oqQ'rh rFkk èkuqfoZ|k 
tSls •syksa esa vUrjxzke iapk;r çfr;ksfxrk,¡ vk;ksftr djuk ,oa mDr 
vk;kstu osQ fy,] •sy ,oa ;qod dY;k.k foHkkx }kjk vkfnoklh 
mi;kstuk osQ vUrxZr foHkkxh; ctV esa çkoèkku fd;k tkuk Hkh 
çLrkfor gSA
eè; çns'k vkSj NÙkhlx<+ esa] •kl rkSj ij tutkrh; cgqy 
bykdksa esa •sy uhfr osQ dk;kZUo;u vkSj leqfpr çksRlkgu osQ 
ldkjkRed ifj.kke ns•us dks fey jgs gSaA fiNys fnuksa eè; çns'k 
osQ gnkZ ft+ys esa 15 tutkrh; cgqy xk¡oksa dh ckfydkvksa osQ chp 
^xYlZ çhfe;j yhx fØosQV çfr;ksfxrk* osQ vk;kstu dh mRlkgtud 
•cj vkbZ] ftls ySafxd lekurk ;k tsaMj bDosfyVh dk Hkh ,d 
mnkgj.k dgk tk ldrk gSA bl vuks•h fØosQV çfr;ksfxrk esa Vheksa 
osQ uke gnkZ ft+ys osQ xk¡oksa osQ uke ij j•s x;s Fks] ftuesa 13 ls 
25 o"kZ vk;q oxZ dh 11&11 ckfydk,¡ 'kkfey FkhaA •kl ckr ;s 
Fkh fd blls igys bu ckfydkvksa us vius xk¡o dh lhekvksa ls 
ckgj dHkh dne ugha j•k Fkk vkSj u gh dHkh fØosQV osQ •sy dk 
fofèkor çf'k{k.k fy;k FkkA blosQ ckotwn bu lHkh us vius •srksa 
esa vH;kl djrs gq, çfr;ksfxrk esa fgLlk 
fy;k vkSj mls vius thou dk ,d  
vfoLej.kh; vuqHko crk;kA
ns'k osQ •sy ekufp=k ij vksfM'kk jkT; 
us Hkh viuh •kl igpku cukbZ gS vkSj cgqr 
ls csgrjhu f•ykM+h] vksfM'kk osQ tutkrh; 
cgqy {ks=kksa ls mHkj dj lkeus vk, gSaA bUgha 
esa ls ,d tkuk igpkuk uke gS Hkkjrh; 
gkWdh Vhe osQ iwoZ dIrku fnyhi fVdhZ dkA 
rhu vksyafid •syksa esa ns'k dk çfrfufèkRo 
djus okys fnyhi fVdhZ us 400 ls T;knk 
varjkZ"Vªh; eSp •sys vkSj mUgsa ljdkj }kjk 
iÁJh rFkk vtZqu iqjLdkj ls lEekfur fd;k tk pqdk gSA vksfM'kk osQ 
lqanjx<+ ft+ys esa tUesa fnyhi fVdhZ 1998 esa cSadkd ,f'k;kbZ •syksa esa 
Lo.kZ rFkk 2002 esa cqlku esa jtr ind thrus okyh Hkkjrh; gkWdh 
Vhe esa 'kkfey FksA fnyhi osQ firk foalsaV fVdhZ Hkh gkWdh f•ykM+h 
Fks vkSj muosQ nks tqMoka HkkbZ] vuwi vkSj vthr fVdhZ] Hkkjrh; jsyos 
dh gkWdh Vhe osQ lnL; jgsA njvly fnyhi fVdhZ iÁJh ls uokt+s 
tkus okys vkSj 3 vksyafid •syus okys pqfuank f•ykfM+;ksa esa 'kkfey 
gSa vkSj 2012 ls 2018 rd jkT; lHkk osQ lnL; Hkh jgsA
ns'k osQ fy, •sy osQ eSnku ij Hkfo"; dh vk'kk osQ :i esa 
xqeyk ft+ys dh ,FkyhV lqçhrh dPNi dk uke fy;k tk ldrk gSA 
csgn lkekU; vkfnoklh i`"BHkwfe ls vkus okyh lqçhfr us ,FkysfVDl 
esa yxkrkj csgrj çn'kZu fd;k gS vkSj vc os vxLr esa dksyafc;k 
esa gksus okyh vaMj&20 fo'o pSfi;uf'ki dh rS;kjh dj jgh gSaA 
xqeyk ft+ys ls gh vkrh gS dkfrZd vksjkao dh nks csfV;k¡ eerk 
ckjk vkSj cj•k jkuh ckjkA thou dh reke folaxfr;ksa dks ihNs 
NksM+rs gq, ;s nksuksa cgus iqQVcky osQ eSnku ij viuh dke;kch dh 
dgkuh fy•us dks rRij fn• jgh gSa vkSj •syks bafM;k xsEl rFkk 
vU; çfr;ksfxrkvksa esa yxkrkj csgrj çn'kZu] muosQ mTToy Hkfo"; 
dk laosQr ns jgk gSA
oqQN ,slh gh dgkuh >kj•aM osQ fdlku ifjokj dh csVh lqefr 
oqQekjh dh gSA vDlj •srh esa vius ifjokj dk gkFk caVkus okyh 
lqefr us tc iqQVcky eSnku dk #• fd;k rks ihNs eqM+dj ugha ns•kA 
os ,-,iQ-lh- efgyk ,f'k;k di rFkk dbZ varjkZ"Vªh; çfr;ksfxrkvksa esa 
ns'k dk çfrfufèkRo dj pqdh gSaA 
ns'k osQ tutkrh; cgqy {ks=kksa ls yxkrkj mHkjdj vkus okyh  
•sy çfrHkkvksa dh çsj.kknk;d xkFkk,¡ bl ckr dk Li‘ laosQr ns jgh 
gSa fd vkt dk Hkkjr cny jgk gSA ns'k esa •syksa osQ {ks=k esa lekos'kh 
fodkl dk u;k vè;k; 'kq: gks pqdk gS ftlesa lekt osQ gj oxZ 
dk viuk fof'k‘ ;ksxnku gSA blosQ lkFk gh osQaæ ljdkj rFkk jkT; 
ljdkjksa }kjk Hkh yxkrkj bl ckr osQ ç;kl fd, tk jgs gSa fd ns'k 
osQ lqnwj vapyksa esa fLFkr tutkrh; cgqy bykdksa ls çfrHkkvksa dh 
igpku djosQ] mUgsa leqfpr çf'k{k.k] vR;kèkqfud midj.k vkSj 
lqfoèkk,¡ miyCèk djkbZ tk,¡A bZekunkjh ls fd, tkus okys ,sls ç;klksa 
ls u osQoy çfrHkk'kkyh f•ykfM++;ksa dks c<+kok feysxk] cfYd fo'o 
ekufp=k ij ,d •sy egk'kfDr osQ :i esa mHkjus dk Hkkjr dk liuk 
Hkh lkdkj gks ldrk gSA                                n
NÙkhlx<+ jkT?; esa fofHkUu •syksa 
,oa f•ykfM+;ksa dks çksRlkfgr ,oa 
fodflr djus gsrq NÙkhlx<+ •sy 
uhfr 2017 osQ vUrxZr j.kuhfrd 
n`f‘dks.k viukus ij t+ksj fn;k x;k 
gS ftlosQ rgr jkT; osQ lHkh ft+yksa 
esa fofHkUu •syksa esa mRÑ"V lkeF;Zoku 
,oa {kerkoku f•ykfM+;ksa dh igpku 
djuk 'kkfey gSA
Page 5


;kstuk] tqykbZ 2022 47
ys[kd ofj"B [ksy desaVsVj gSaA bZesy% shivendra68@gmail.com
jr] HkkSxksfyd ,oa lkaLÑfrd fofoèkrk laiUu ns'k 
gS tgk¡ jgus okyksa dk èkeZ] Hkk"kk,¡] os'kHkw"kk vkSj 
•ku&iku vyx&vyx gksus osQ ckotwn] Hkkjrh;rk 
dh Hkkouk] ns'kokfl;ksa dks ,d lw=k esa fijksus dk dke djrh 
gS ;kuh vusdrk esa ,drk gS] Hkkjr dh fo'ks"krkA viusiu dh 
bl Hkkouk dks vkSj lqn`<+ cukrk gS •sy dk eSnku vFkkZr~ ^•sy 
fl•krk esy*A gky osQ  o"kks± esa gekjs ns'k esa •syksa dks ysdj 
u;k mRlkg ns•us dks feyk gS ftlls vksyfEiDl] ,f'k;kbZ •sy 
vkSj jk"VªeaMy •sy rFkk vU; fo'oLrjh; çfr;ksfxrkvksa esa csgrj  
ifj.kke ns•us dks fey jgs gSaA çèkkuea=kh Jh ujsaæ eksnh us Hkkjr dks 
fo'o Lrj ij vxz.kh ns'k cukus osQ Øe esa] •syksa ,oa f•ykfM++;ksa 
dh çxfr vkSj çksRlkgu dks yxkrkj vgfe;r nh gSA ;w¡ rks  
laiw.kZ Hkkjr esa •syksa dks ysdj 
•klh tkx#drk gS] ysfdu 
ns'k osQ oqQN jkT;ksa fo'ks"krkSj 
ij >kj•aM] eè; çns'k] 
NÙkhlx<+] vksfM+'kk] mÙkj iwohZ 
jkT;ksa rFkk egkjk"Vª] jktLFkku] 
xqtjkr vkSj if'pe caxky osQ 
tutkrh; cgqy fgLlksa ls Hkh 
cgqr ls ,sls f•ykM+h mHkj 
dj vk, gSa] ftUgksaus jk"Vªh; 
rFkk varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj dh 
çfr;ksfxrkvksa esa vius jkT; 
rFkk ns'k dk uke jks'ku fd;kA 
ns'k osQ oqQN jkT?;ksa fo'ks"krkSj ij >kj•aM] eè; çns'k] NÙkhlx<+] vksfM+'kk] mÙkj iwohZ jkT?;ksa rFkk 
egkjk"Vª] jktLFkku] xqtjkr vkSj if'pe caxky osQ tutkrh; cgqy fgLlksa ls Hkh cgqr ls ,sls f•ykM+h 
mHkj dj vk, gSa] ftUgksaus jk"Vªh; rFkk varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj dh çfr;ksfxrkvksa esa vius jkT; rFkk ns'k dk 
uke jks'ku fd;kA •kl ckr ;s gS fd bu txgksa ij fo"ke HkkSxksfyd ifjfLFkfr;ksa vkSj vke rkSj ij 
fo'oLrjh; •sy lqfoèkkvksa dh vis{kkÑr lhfer miyC?èkrk osQ ckotwn] tutkrh; cgqy {ks=kksa ls mHkjdj 
vkus okys reke f•ykfM++;ksa us ckj&ckj bl dgkor dks lgh lkfcr fd;k gS fd ^^çfrHkk dHkh Hkh 
ijkJ; dh eksgrkt ugha gksrh gSA**
tutkrh; cgqy bykdksa ds f[kykfM+;ksa dk ncnck
f'kosUnz prqosZnh
[ksy&f[kykM+h
•kl ckr ;s gS fd bu txgksa ij fo"ke HkkSxksfyd ifjfLFkfr;ksa 
vkSj vke rkSj ij fo'oLrjh; •sy lqfoèkkvksa dh vis{kkÑr lhfer 
miyCèkrk osQ ckotwn] tutkrh; cgqy {ks=kksa ls mHkjdj vkus okys 
reke f•ykfM++;ksa us ckj&ckj bl dgkor dks lgh lkfcr fd;k 
gS fd ^^çfrHkk dHkh Hkh ijkJ; dh eksgrkt ugha gksrh gSA** ,d 
lPpk deZ;ksxh] viuh yxu] ifjJe vkSj ladYi ls •qn dh 
dke;kch dk jkLrk <wa<rk gS vkSj ml ij liQyrk dh lhf<+;k¡ 
p<+rs gq,] u, vk;ke LFkkfir djrk gSA 
varjkZ"Vªh; 'kksèk laLFkk osQ-ih-,e-th- dh fjiksVZ osQ vuqlkj fo'o 
osQ fofHkUu ns'kksa dh vFkZO;oLFkk esa •syksa dk ldy ?kjsyw mRikn esa 
;ksxnku 1 ls 5 çfr'kr vuqekfur fd;k x;k gSA ;gk¡ rd fd oSf'od 
eanh osQ nkSjku Hkh] o"kZ 2009&13 osQ eè;] •sy cktkj 7 çfr'kr dh 
Hkk
t;iky flag eqaMk
3 tuojh 1903 & 20 ekpZ 1970
48 ;kstuk] tqykbZ 2022
Hkkjr us vc rd vksyafid •syksa 
esa oqQy 10 Lo.kZ lfgr 35 ind 
thrs gSa ftuesa ls 34 çfr'kr ind] 
fliQZ gkWdh esa Hkkjrh; f•ykfM++;ksa us 
gkfly fd, gSaA njvly 1928 ls 
1956 rd yxkrkj 6 vksyafid •syksa 
esa Hkkjrh; gkWdh Vhe us Lo.kZ ind 
gkfly djosQ] lkjh nqfu;k esa rgydk 
epk fn;k FkkA Hkkjrh; gkWdh osQ 
ml Lof.kZe dky esa ns'k dks igyk 
vksyafid Lo.kZ fnykus okyh Vhe 
osQ dIrku dh Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ Fkh 
t;iky flag eqaMk usA
nj ls c<+k] tks fd fo'o dh çeq• vFkZO;oLFkkvksa dh ldy ?kjsyw 
mRikn esa o`f¼ ls vfèkd jgk gSA lkFk gh •sy {ks=k Je&vkèkkfjr gksus 
osQ dkj.k jkst++xkj çnku djus esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk j•rk gSA fo'ks"kdj 
•sy •qnjk O;kikj dk {ks=k] tks vesfjdk esa yxHkx 11 çfr'kr rFkk 
Hkkjr esa yxHkx 6 çfr'kr jkst++xkj çnku djus esa lgk;d gSA vr% 
•sy] •sy&f'k{kk] •sy vuqlaèkku] •sy fpfdRlk] •sy&m|ksx] •sy 
O;kikj rFkk •sy&lsokvksa dks çksRlkfgr djosQ jkT; dh vFkZO;oLFkk 
dks lqn`<+ djus esa lgk;d gks ldrs gSaA 
çkjEHk ls gh tutkrh; cgqy bykdksa osQ f•ykfM++;ksa dk ncnck 
gekjs ns'k osQ •sy bfrgkl esa gkWdh dks csgn fof'k"V LFkku 
gkfly gS vkSj mldk dkj.k gS 1928 osQ ,ELVjMEl vksyafiDl ls 
2021 osQ VksD;ks vksyafiDl rd Hkkjr }kjk gkWdh esa thrs x, 12 
ind ftlesa 8 Lo.kZ] 1 jtr vkSj 3 dkaL; ind 'kkfey gSA Hkkjr 
us vc rd vksyafid •syksa esa oqQy 10 Lo.kZ lfgr 35 ind thrs 
gSa ftuesa ls 34 çfr'kr ind] fliQZ gkWdh esa Hkkjrh; f•ykfM++;ksa us 
gkfly fd, gSaA njvly 1928 ls 1956 rd yxkrkj 6 vksyafid 
•syksa esa Hkkjrh; gkWdh Vhe us Lo.kZ ind gkfly djosQ] lkjh nqfu;k 
esa rgydk epk fn;k FkkA Hkkjrh; gkWdh osQ ml Lof.kZe dky esa ns'k 
dks igyk vksyafid Lo.kZ fnykus okyh Vhe 
osQ dIrku dh Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ Fkh t;iky 
flag eqaMk usA orZeku >kj•aM dh jktèkkuh 
jkaph osQ ikl 3 tuojh 1903 dks tUes 
t;iky flag vlkèkkj.k çfrHkk osQ èkuh Fks 
vkSj 1925 esa vkWDliQksMZ Cyw dk f•rkc 
ikus okys] gkWdh osQ ,dek=k varjkZ"Vªh; 
f•ykM+h FksA f•ykM+h gksus osQ lkFk&lkFk os 
,d tkus ekus jktuhfrK] i=kdkj] ys•d] 
laiknd vkSj f'k{kkfon~ Hkh FksA gkWdh osQ 
eSnku ij Vhe dh j{kkiafDr esa çeq• 
Hkwfedk fuHkkus okys t;iky flag eqaMk] ns'k 
dh lafoèkku lHkk osQ Hkh lnL; jgs vkSj 
vkthou] tutkrh; yksxksa osQ dY;k.k osQ 
fy, ç;kljr jgsA 
1928 osQ ,ELVjMEl vksyafiDl osQ 52 
lky ckn] 1980 osQ ekLdks vksyafid •syksa esa Hkkjrh; Vhe us gkWdh esa 
8oka vkSj vafre Lo.kZ ind thrk vkSj ml le; Hkh] Hkkjrh; Vhe osQ ,d  
egRoiw.kZ lnL; Fks >kj•aM osQ tutkrh; cgqy ft+ys fleMsxk ls 
vkus okys flYosul Mqax MqaxA 27 tuojh 1949 dks tUesa flYosul 
Mqax Mqax 1965 esa Hkkjrh; lsuk esa 'kkfey gq,] ns'k dh lsok dh] 
vksyafid Lo.kZ fotsrk cus vkSj 2016 esa] mUgsa gkWdh osQ •sy esa 
thoui;±r ;ksxnku osQ fy, æks.kkpk;Z iqjLdkj ls lEekfur fd;k x;kA 
fiNys o"kZ VksD;ks vksyafid •syksa esa 41 lky osQ yacs varjky osQ ckn 
Hkkjrh; iq#"k gkWdh Vhe us iksfM;e fiQfu'k djrs gq, dkaL; ind 
gkfly fd;k vkSj bl Vhe osQ midIrku FksA vksfM+'kk osQ tutkrh; 
cgqy ft+ys lqanjx<+ esa tUesa chjsanj ydjkA ,f'k;kbZ •syksa dh  
Lo.kZ vkSj jtr ind fotsrk Hkkjrh; Vhe dk fgLlk jgs ohjsanj ydjk 
dk iwjk ifjokj gh gkWdh ls tqM+k gSA chjsanj osQ cM+s HkkbZ fcey Hkh 
feMiQhYMj osQ rkSj ij Hkkjr osQ fy, •sy pqosQ gSa vkSj mudh cgu 
vlqark ydjk] Hkkjrh; efgyk gkWdh Vhe dk usr`Ro Hkh dj pqdh gSaA
gkWdh dh ulZjh
•kl ckr ;s gS fd fleMsxk ft+ys dks vkt gkWdh dh ulZjh dgk 
tkrk gS vkSj ns'k osQ tutkrh; cgqy vapy esa fLFkr bl ft+ys esa 
gkWdh osQ çf'k{k.k dh vR;kèkqfud lqfoèkk,¡ 
miyCèk djkbZ xbZ gSaA laHkor% ;gh dkj.k 
gS fd C;wVh MqaxMqax] çeksfnuh ydjk] jtuh 
djosQjk] efgek VsVs] nhfidk lksjsx vkSj 
dkty ckjk tSls ;qok f•ykM+h] Hkkjrh; 
efgyk gkWdh esa 'kkfey gksus dh vksj vkxs 
c<+rs ut+j vk jgs gSaA fleMsxk ft+ys dk 
fooj.k ogk¡ dh èkjrh ls vorfjr gq, 
,d vkSj 'kkunkj gkWdh f•ykM+h ekbdy 
foaQMks osQ ftØ osQ fcuk vèkwjk jgsxkA vtZqu 
iqjLdkj ls uokt++s x, j{kk iafDr osQ csgrjhu 
f•ykM+h ekbdy foaQMks] 1972 osQ E;wfu• 
vksyafid esa dkaL; ind thrus okyh 
Hkkjrh; gkWdh Vhe osQ lnL; FksA 1971] 
1973 vkSj 1975 osQ gkWdh fo'o di esa 
Hkkjrh; Vhe us dkaL;] jtr vkSj Lo.kZ ind 
lyhek VsVs (ck,¡) vkSj fuDdh çèkku (nk,¡)] tks Øe'k% vkfnoklh cgqy fleMsxk vkSj •waVh ftyksa ls vkrh gSa] Hkkjrh; efgyk gkWdh Vhe dh  
çeq• f•ykM+h Fkha ftUgksaus VksD;ks esa ,sfrgkfld vkSj mRlkgh çn'kZu fd;kA
;kstuk] tqykbZ 2022 49
gkfly fd, Fks vkSj ml Vhe dk vge fgLlk Fks fleMsxk osQ liwr 
ekbdy foaQMksA
Hkkjrh; iq#"k gkWdh Vhe us VksD;ks esa dkaL; ind thrk vkSj 
Hkkjrh; efgyk gkWdh Vhe] csgn ;knxkj vkSj thoV Hkjs çn'kZu 
osQ ckotwn VksD;ks vksyafiDl esa dkaL; ind ls pwd xbZA VksD;ks 
esa ,sfrgkfld çn'kZu djus okyh Hkkjrh; efgyk gkWdh Vhe dh 
egRoiw.kZ lnL;k Fkha lyhek VsVs vkSj fuDdh çèkku] tks tutkrh; 
cgqy fleMsxk vkSj •waVh ft+yksa ls vkrh gSaA njvly 2016 osQ fj;ks 
vksyafid •syksa esa Hkkjr dk çfrfufèkRo djus okyh fuDdh çèkku] 
>kj•aM dh igyh efgyk gkWdh f•ykM+h Fkha ftUgsa •syksa osQ bl egk 
vk;kstu dk fgLlk cuus dk xkSjo gkfly gqvk FkkA
rhjankth esa ns'k dk ijpe
gkWdh osQ vykok rhjankth ,d ,slk •sy gS ftlesa tutkrh; 
cgqy bykdksa ls cgqr&lh çfrHkk,¡ mHkj dj lkeus vkbZ vkSj mUgksaus 
reke fo'oLrjh; çfr;ksfxrkvksa esa ns'k dk ijpe iQgjk;k gSA nhfidk 
oqQekjh ,slh gh ,d f•ykM+h gSa tks viuh uSlfxZd çfrHkk vkSj esgur 
osQ la;kstu ls nqfu;k dh uacj ,d rhjankt cuhA iÁJh vkSj vtZqu 
iqjLdkj ls uokt++h tk pqdh nhfidk us 2012 esa yanu] 2016 esa fj;ks 
rFkk 2021 esa VksD;ks vksyafid •syksa esa ns'k dk çfrfufèkRo fd;kA 
lPpkbZ ;gh gS fd liQyrk dh lhf<+;k¡ p<+us osQ fy, nhfidk us 
yEck jkLrk r; fd;k gS vkSj cpiu esa tc muosQ ikl vH;kl 
osQ fy, rhj deku miyCèk ugha gksrs Fks] os iRFkj ls vke osQ iQy 
rksM+dj] viuk fu'kkuk nq#Lr djrh FkhA 
tutkrh; cgqy bykdks ls vkus okys çfrHkk'kkyh rhjanktksa esa 
^xksYMu Cok;* osQ uke ls e'kgwj gq, ^xksjk gks* dk uke Hkh 'kkfey 
gS] ftUgsa 2015 esa jk"Vªh; cky iqjLdkj ls uokt+k x;k FkkA >kj•aM ls 
vkus okys çfl¼ rhjanktksa esa latho oqQekj flag dk uke Hkh 'kkfey 
gS ftUgsa f•ykM+h osQ rkSj ij vtZqu iqjLdkj vkSj fiQj çf'k{kd osQ rkSj 
ij æks.kkpk;Z iqjLdkj ls lEekfur fd;k tk pqdk gSA buosQ vykok 
fjfey cqfjmyh] iwf.kZek egrks] y{ehjkuh ek>h] dksekfydk ckjh rFkk 
laxhrk oqQekjh oqQN ,sls rhjankt gS tks ns'k osQ lcls ;qok jkT;ksa esa 
'kkfey >kj•aM ls fudy dj] varjkZ"Vªh; rhjankth ifjn`'; ij Nk 
x,A blh rjg jktLFkku ls fyackjke] ';keyky eh.kk] jtr pkSgku 
vkSj NÙkhlx<+ ls lkuan fe=kk oqQN ,sls rhjankt gSa ftUgksaus varjkZ"Vªh; 
Lrj dh çfr;ksfxrkvksa esa ns'k osQ fy, ind thrs vkSj Hkkjr dk 
ijpe iQgjk;kA 
mijksDr f•ykfM++;ksa dh varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij dke;kch blfy, 
vkSj Hkh ç'kaluh; dgh tk ldrh gS fd ns'k osQ tutkrh; cgqy 
bykdksa ls vkus okys T;knkrj f•ykM+h ;k rks fdlku ifjokj ls vkrs 
gSa ;k fiQj ,slh i`"BHkwfe ls] tgk¡ thou;kiu] vius vki esa la?k"kZ dk 
i;kZ; dgk tk ldrk gS vkSj •syowQn dk eSnku rFkk ogk¡ miyCèk 
gksus okyh lqfoèkk,¡] ,sls f•ykfM+;ksa osQ fy, lius ls T;knk oqQN ugha 
gksrhA reke foijhr ifjfLFkfr;ksa osQ ckotwn vxj tutkrh; {ks=kksa ls 
f•ykM+h vkxs fudys gSa vkSj mUgksaus viuh ,d •kl igpku cukbZ gS] 
rks ;g fuf'pr rkSj ij] muosQ dM+s la?k"kZ] vFkd ifjJe] tUetkr 
çfrHkk vkSj dHkh gkj u ekuus okyh ço`fÙk dk gh ifjpk;d dgk 
tk ldrk gSA
f•ykfM++;ksa dks çksRlkgu dh uhfr;k¡
tutkrh; {ks=kksa esa ekStwn çfrHkk'kkyh f•ykfM++;ksa dh igpku] 
muosQ laoèkZu ,oa çf'k{k.k osQ fy, mfpr lqfoèkk,¡ miyCèk djkuk 
vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij csgrj çn'kZu osQ fy, mUgsa leqfpr ekgkSy 
miyCèk djkus dk osQaæ ljdkj rFkk lacafèkr jkT; ljdkjksa }kjk 
yxkrkj ç;kl fd;k tk jgk gSA blh Øe esa NÙkhlx<+ ljdkj osQ 
•sy ,oa ;qok dY;k.k foHkkx }kjk yxHkx 5 o"kZ igys ,d foLr`r 
uhfr dh ?kks"k.kk dh xbZ FkhA njvly 1 uoacj 2000 dks NÙkhlx<+ 
osQ xBu osQ ckn gh] o"kZ 2001 esa •sy uhfr dk ,syku gqvk FkkA 
bldk y{; jkT; esa •sy laLÑfr dk l`tu djus osQ lkFk&lkFk 
fofHkUu •sy ;kstukvksa ,oa dk;ZØeksa dk fØ;kUo;u iapk;r Lrj 
rd djuk FkkA NÙkhlx<+ jkT; esa fofHkUu •syksa ,oa f•ykfM+;ksa dks 
çksRlkfgr ,oa fodflr djus gsrq NÙkhlx<+ •sy uhfr 2017 osQ 
vUrxZr j.kuhfrd n`f‘dks.k viukus ij t+ksj fn;k x;k gS ftlosQ 
rgr jkT; osQ lHkh ft+yksa esa fofHkUu •syksa esa mRÑ"V lkeF;Zoku ,oa 
{kerkoku f•ykfM+;ksa dh igpku djuk 'kkfey gSA
lkFk gh fofHkUu ft+yksa esa vk;ksftr gksus okyh •sy çfr;ksfxrk,¡] 
ft+ys osQ jgokfl;ksa osQ eè; •sy osQ çfr #>ku] ft+ys osQ fd'kksj ,oa 
;qokvksa dh 'kkjhfjd ,oa ekufld {kerk osQ vuq:i mi;qDr •syksa 
dh igpku dj lacafèkr ft+ys esa fofHkUu •syksa dks çksRlkfgr fd;k 
tkuk Hkh] NÙkhlx<+ •sy uhfr dk vge mís'; gSA
jkT; esa •syksa ,oa f•ykfM+;ksa dks fodflr djus rFkk NÙkhlx<+ 
dks fofHkUu jk"Vªh; ,oa varjkZ"Vªh; •syksa esa viuh xkSjoe;h igpku dks 
c<+kus gsrq jkT; osQ 'kkldh;] v¼Z'kkldh;] futh {ks=k dh laLFkkvksa] 
lkoZtfud {ks=k osQ miØeksa] xSj ljdkjh laLFkkvksa] vU; jk"Vªh;@
varjkZ"Vªh; laLFkkuksa] fuokZfpr tu çfrfufèk;ksa ,oa çfl¼ O;fDr;ksa dks 
,d •sy ,oa ,d f•ykM+h ;k dksbZ Hkh ,d (f•ykM+h ;k •sy) 
dks xksn ysus gsrq çksRlkfgr fd, tkus dk vfHkuo ç;kl Hkh] •sy 
uhfr dk fgLlk gSA
foÙk la;kstu osQ rgr jkT; dh ft+yk •fut fufèk dk ,d 
fuf'pr çfr'kr mi;ksx •syksa ,oa f•ykfM+;ksa dks fodflr rFkk 
çksRlkfgr djus esa fd, tkus dk çkoèkku gSA bl uhfr osQ rgr 
•sy laoèkZu ifj"kn] •sy la?kksa rFkk LFkkuh; iapk;rh jkt laLFkkvksa 
dks l'kDr cuk;k tkuk vko';d gS rkfd os fofHkUu •syksa 
,oa f•ykfM+;ksa dks yksdfç; cuk dj] yksxksa dks •sy&owQn dh 
xfrfofèk;ksa ls tksM+ losQaA
VksD;ks 2020 vksyafid esa chjsaæ ykdM+k
50 ;kstuk] tqykbZ 2022
NÙkhlx<+ dh rjg eè; çns'k esa Hkh 
'kkldh; Lrj ij tutkrh; cgqy {ks=kksa esa 
•sy çfrHkkvksa dks c<+kok nsus dk lfØ; 
ç;kl gks jgk gSA çns'k esa çFke •sy uhfr 
o"kZ 1989 esa cukbZ xbZ Fkh rFkk 5 o"kZ 
i'pkr mldk ewY;k¡du dj o"kZ 1994 esa 
iqu% ubZ •sy uhfr cukbZ xbZA bl •sy uhfr 
esa çns'k osQ •syksa osQ fodkl osQ fofHkUu 
igyw 'kkfey FksA eè; çns'k esa •syksa osQ 
laoèkZu osQ fy, ?kksf"kr uohure uhfr dk 
mís'; thou esa •syksa ,oa 'kkjhfjd f'k{kk 
dh egÙkk dks n`f‘xr j•rs gq,] ;qokvksa dh 
çfrHkk ,oa ÅtkZ dk ldkjkRed mi;ksx djuk gSA ukxfjdksa esa •sy] 
;qok rFkk lkgfld xfrfofèk;ksa osQ çfr mRlkg ,oa blosQ ekè;e 
ls jk"Vªh;rk] eS=kh] lkekftd lejlrk rFkk lkSgknZiw.kZ çfrLièkkZ dh 
Hkkouk dks tkx`r djuk Hkh] •sy uhfr dk mís'; dgk tk ldrk gSA 
•syksa esa eè; çns'k dks jk"Vªh; vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij mBkuk rFkk 
çns'k osQ ;qokvksa dh ÅtkZ dks jkT; ,oa ns'k osQ fodkl osQ fy, 
çksRlkfgr dj mldk mi;ksx djuk •sy uhfr esa fufgr gSA 
eè; çns'k •sy laoèkZu uhfr osQ rgr oqQN uhfr fuèkkZjd 
fcUnqvksa dh igpku dh xbZ gS ftlesa çeq• gS vèkkslajpuk dk 
fodklA blosQ vUrxZr çR;sd xzke esa] iapk;r dks •ks&•ks] dcM~Mh] 
oqQ'rh ,oa okWyhcky vkfn •syksa osQ fy, ,d •sy eSnku pj.kc¼ 
rjhosQ ls rS;kj djuk çLrkfor gSA blosQ vykok ,sls ft+yk eq[;ky;] 
ftuesa ifjiw.kZ •sy ifjlj ugha gS] muesa ifjiw.kZ •sy ifjlj dk 
fuekZ.k fd;k tkuk Hkh çLrkfor fd;k x;k gSA
jk‘ªh; •syksa esa fd, x, çn'kZu] çkIr indksa rFkk •sy lqfoèkkvksa 
dh orZeku esa miyCèkrk dks è;ku esa j•rs gq, •syksa ij è;ku 
osQfUær fd;k tkuk pkfg,] ftlesa ,FksysfVDl] oqQ'rh] •ks&•ks] 
dcM~Mh] okyhckWy] rSjkdh] osQuksb±x&D;kfoaQx] rkbZDokaMks] twMks] gkWdh] 
ckLosQVcky] fu'kkusckth rFkk ?kqM+lokjh 'kkfey gSA vkfnoklh {ks=kksa 
esa dcM~Mh] jLlkdlh] rst+ nkSM+ rFkk Å¡phowQn] oqQ'rh rFkk èkuqfoZ|k 
tSls •syksa esa vUrjxzke iapk;r çfr;ksfxrk,¡ vk;ksftr djuk ,oa mDr 
vk;kstu osQ fy,] •sy ,oa ;qod dY;k.k foHkkx }kjk vkfnoklh 
mi;kstuk osQ vUrxZr foHkkxh; ctV esa çkoèkku fd;k tkuk Hkh 
çLrkfor gSA
eè; çns'k vkSj NÙkhlx<+ esa] •kl rkSj ij tutkrh; cgqy 
bykdksa esa •sy uhfr osQ dk;kZUo;u vkSj leqfpr çksRlkgu osQ 
ldkjkRed ifj.kke ns•us dks fey jgs gSaA fiNys fnuksa eè; çns'k 
osQ gnkZ ft+ys esa 15 tutkrh; cgqy xk¡oksa dh ckfydkvksa osQ chp 
^xYlZ çhfe;j yhx fØosQV çfr;ksfxrk* osQ vk;kstu dh mRlkgtud 
•cj vkbZ] ftls ySafxd lekurk ;k tsaMj bDosfyVh dk Hkh ,d 
mnkgj.k dgk tk ldrk gSA bl vuks•h fØosQV çfr;ksfxrk esa Vheksa 
osQ uke gnkZ ft+ys osQ xk¡oksa osQ uke ij j•s x;s Fks] ftuesa 13 ls 
25 o"kZ vk;q oxZ dh 11&11 ckfydk,¡ 'kkfey FkhaA •kl ckr ;s 
Fkh fd blls igys bu ckfydkvksa us vius xk¡o dh lhekvksa ls 
ckgj dHkh dne ugha j•k Fkk vkSj u gh dHkh fØosQV osQ •sy dk 
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esa vH;kl djrs gq, çfr;ksfxrk esa fgLlk 
fy;k vkSj mls vius thou dk ,d  
vfoLej.kh; vuqHko crk;kA
ns'k osQ •sy ekufp=k ij vksfM'kk jkT; 
us Hkh viuh •kl igpku cukbZ gS vkSj cgqr 
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esa ls ,d tkuk igpkuk uke gS Hkkjrh; 
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rhu vksyafid •syksa esa ns'k dk çfrfufèkRo 
djus okys fnyhi fVdhZ us 400 ls T;knk 
varjkZ"Vªh; eSp •sys vkSj mUgsa ljdkj }kjk 
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lqanjx<+ ft+ys esa tUesa fnyhi fVdhZ 1998 esa cSadkd ,f'k;kbZ •syksa esa 
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Vhe esa 'kkfey FksA fnyhi osQ firk foalsaV fVdhZ Hkh gkWdh f•ykM+h 
Fks vkSj muosQ nks tqMoka HkkbZ] vuwi vkSj vthr fVdhZ] Hkkjrh; jsyos 
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tkus okys vkSj 3 vksyafid •syus okys pqfuank f•ykfM+;ksa esa 'kkfey 
gSa vkSj 2012 ls 2018 rd jkT; lHkk osQ lnL; Hkh jgsA
ns'k osQ fy, •sy osQ eSnku ij Hkfo"; dh vk'kk osQ :i esa 
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xqeyk ft+ys ls gh vkrh gS dkfrZd vksjkao dh nks csfV;k¡ eerk 
ckjk vkSj cj•k jkuh ckjkA thou dh reke folaxfr;ksa dks ihNs 
NksM+rs gq, ;s nksuksa cgus iqQVcky osQ eSnku ij viuh dke;kch dh 
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vU; çfr;ksfxrkvksa esa yxkrkj csgrj çn'kZu] muosQ mTToy Hkfo"; 
dk laosQr ns jgk gSA
oqQN ,slh gh dgkuh >kj•aM osQ fdlku ifjokj dh csVh lqefr 
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os ,-,iQ-lh- efgyk ,f'k;k di rFkk dbZ varjkZ"Vªh; çfr;ksfxrkvksa esa 
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ns'k osQ tutkrh; cgqy {ks=kksa ls yxkrkj mHkjdj vkus okyh  
•sy çfrHkkvksa dh çsj.kknk;d xkFkk,¡ bl ckr dk Li‘ laosQr ns jgh 
gSa fd vkt dk Hkkjr cny jgk gSA ns'k esa •syksa osQ {ks=k esa lekos'kh 
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ljdkjksa }kjk Hkh yxkrkj bl ckr osQ ç;kl fd, tk jgs gSa fd ns'k 
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lqfoèkk,¡ miyCèk djkbZ tk,¡A bZekunkjh ls fd, tkus okys ,sls ç;klksa 
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ekufp=k ij ,d •sy egk'kfDr osQ :i esa mHkjus dk Hkkjr dk liuk 
Hkh lkdkj gks ldrk gSA                                n
NÙkhlx<+ jkT?; esa fofHkUu •syksa 
,oa f•ykfM+;ksa dks çksRlkfgr ,oa 
fodflr djus gsrq NÙkhlx<+ •sy 
uhfr 2017 osQ vUrxZr j.kuhfrd 
n`f‘dks.k viukus ij t+ksj fn;k x;k 
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,oa {kerkoku f•ykfM+;ksa dh igpku 
djuk 'kkfey gSA
;kstuk] tqykbZ 2022 53
jr esa ns'kt laLÑfr;ksa vkSj yksd&leqnk;ksa dh vn~Hkqr 
fofoèkrk gSA djhc 10-4 djksM+ yksx ;kuh ns'k dh 
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bu yksxksa dh fof'k‘ lkekftd 
vkSj lkaLÑfrd ijEijk,¡ vusd ihf<+;ksa 
ls pys vk jgs  lkewfgd lEcUèkksa 
rFkk Hkw&LokfeRo ij vkèkkfjr gSaA 
blfy, çÑfr ij bu leqnk;ksa dh 
fuHkZjrk vfHk :i ls budh igpku] 
laLÑfr;ksa] vkthfodk osQ lkèkuksa vkfn 
osQ lkFk&lkFk] budh HkkSfrd rFkk 
vkè;kfRed çlÂrk ls Hkh tqM+h gSaA mudh 
ikjEifjd laLÑfr vkSj thou&'kSyh 
esa thus dk oSKkfud rjhdk] mPp 
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thoksa] chtksa] vkS"kfèk;ksa] eNyh idM+us] 
?kj cukus] oL=k rS;kj djus] Hkkstu vkfn 
dh mudh xgjh le>] lgh ek;us esa 
Hkk
ysf•dk çfrf’r lekt'kkL=kh vkSj Banglanatak.com dh funs'kd gSaA bZesy% madhura@banglanatak.com
ns'kt laLÑfr;k¡
MkW eèkqjk nÙkk 
leqnk;
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osQ ikl ihf<+;ksa dk lafpr Kku vkSj fo'ks"kKrk gSA**
2
vkfn] vU; Lons'kh leqnk;ksa dh rjg] çÑfr ij fuHkZj gSa vkSj viuh vkthfodk vkSj  
thou 'kSyh esa iwjh rjg ls vkRefuHkZj gSaA