Yojana Magazine July 2023 - 3 (Hindi) | Current Affairs (Hindi): Daily, Weekly & Monthly - UPSC PDF Download

 Page 1


54 ????? 2023
vkfFkZd fodkl ds fy, 
eRL; lgdkjh {ks=k dk mRFkku
jr esa eRL;ikyu ,d mHkjrk gqvk {ks=k gSA Hkkjr 
esa bl {ks=k dks ysdj vkfFkZd fodkl dh vikj 
laHkkouk,a gSa] ftldh 8]000 fd-eh- ls vfèkd 
yack leqærV gS] 2 fefy;u oxZ fd-eh- ls vfèkd dk ,d 
fo'ks"k vkfFkZd {ks=k gS] vkSj ns'k dh yackbZ vkSj pkSM+kbZ esa 
iSQys fo'kky tyk'k; gSaA Hkkjr nqfu;k dk rhljk lcls cM+k 
eNyh mRiknd ns'k gS] tks oSf'od eNyh mRiknu esa 7-93 
çfr'kr dk ;ksxnku nsrk gS] vkSj fo'o Lrj ij ,DokdYpj 
eNyh mRiknd ns'kksa esa nwljk lcls cM+k ns'k gSA eRL;ikyu 
dk {ks=k Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk esa ,d egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrk 
gSA ;g jk‘ªh; ldy ?kjsyw mRikn dk yxHkx ,d çfr'kr 
;ksxnku djrk gSA ;g rst xfr ls vkxs c<+ jgk gS] u osQoy 
jk‘ªh; vk; esa cfYd Hkkjr osQ fu;kZr] •k| vkSj iks"k.k lqj{kk 
osQ lkFk&lkFk jkstxkj l`tu esa Hkh ;ksxnku dj jgk gSA ;g  
2-8 djksM+ ls vfèkd eNqvkjksa vkSj eRL;ikyu djus okys 
yksxksa dks vkthfodk çnku djrk gSA Hkkjr •kjs vkSj BaMs ikuh 
lfgr leqæh vkSj varjns'kh; nksuksa {ks=kksa esa ty lalkèkuksa dh 
çpqjrk ls laiUu gS] vkSj blosQ ikl oqQ'ky yksxksa dh ,d 
egRoiw.kZ tula[;k Hkh ekStwn gSA eRL; {ks=k ls ns'k dh okf"kZd 
fu;kZr vk; 50]000 djksM+ #i;s ls vfèkd gSA
eRL;ikyu dk fodkl% Hkkjr ljdkj dk tksj
eRL; {ks=k osQ ekè;e ls Hkkjr dh vFkZO;oLFkk dks 
c<+kok nsus osQ fy,] eRL;ikyu] i'kqikyu vkSj Ms;jh ea=kky;  
}kjk 20]050 djksM+ #i;s osQ oqQy ifj;kstuk ifjO;; osQ 
lkFk çèkkuea=kh eRL; laink ;kstuk (ih,e,e,lokbZ) 'kq: 
dh xbZ FkhA ljdkj us 2014 esa uhyh Økafr dh Hkh 'kq#vkr 
'khr ty vkSj ltkoVh eRL;ikyu osQ vykok leqæh] varnZs'kh; vkSj •kjs ikuh tSls 
mi&{ks=kksa osQ lkFk eRL;ikyu {ks=k dkiQh fofoèkrkiw.kZ gSA lgdkfjrk ea=kky; dh LFkkiuk 
osQ lkFk] ns'k esa eRL; lgdkjh vkanksyu dh xfr 2021 esa c<+h vkSj rc ls] mUgsa 
çkFkfedrk nsrs gq, okLrfod rkSj ij è;ku fn;k x;k gSA cnys gq, vkfFkZd ifjn`'; esa 
gj Lrj ij eRL; lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dh Hkwfedk ij fopkj fd;k tkuk pkfg,] vkSj mUgsa 
baÚkLVªDpj osQ fodkl vkSj fLFkjrk osQ fy, ,d çxfr'khy vkiwfrZ vkSj ewY; Ük`a•yk osQ 
fy, èku dk leFkZu fd;k tkuk pkfg,A Hkkjr ljdkj i;kZIr uhfr vkSj foÙkh; lgk;rk 
osQ ekè;e ls eRL; lgdkjh {ks=k osQ mRFkku osQ fy, çfrc¼ gSA
Hkk
ch ds feJ
jkԻh; eRL; lgdkjh la?k] fnYyh osQ iwoZ ,eMh vkSj Hkkjr esa eRL; lgdkjh lfefr;ksa osQ lapkyu vkSj 
'kklu {ks=k osQ fo'ks"kKA bZesy% bimalk1234@hotmail.com
FOCUS
Page 2


54 ????? 2023
vkfFkZd fodkl ds fy, 
eRL; lgdkjh {ks=k dk mRFkku
jr esa eRL;ikyu ,d mHkjrk gqvk {ks=k gSA Hkkjr 
esa bl {ks=k dks ysdj vkfFkZd fodkl dh vikj 
laHkkouk,a gSa] ftldh 8]000 fd-eh- ls vfèkd 
yack leqærV gS] 2 fefy;u oxZ fd-eh- ls vfèkd dk ,d 
fo'ks"k vkfFkZd {ks=k gS] vkSj ns'k dh yackbZ vkSj pkSM+kbZ esa 
iSQys fo'kky tyk'k; gSaA Hkkjr nqfu;k dk rhljk lcls cM+k 
eNyh mRiknd ns'k gS] tks oSf'od eNyh mRiknu esa 7-93 
çfr'kr dk ;ksxnku nsrk gS] vkSj fo'o Lrj ij ,DokdYpj 
eNyh mRiknd ns'kksa esa nwljk lcls cM+k ns'k gSA eRL;ikyu 
dk {ks=k Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk esa ,d egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrk 
gSA ;g jk‘ªh; ldy ?kjsyw mRikn dk yxHkx ,d çfr'kr 
;ksxnku djrk gSA ;g rst xfr ls vkxs c<+ jgk gS] u osQoy 
jk‘ªh; vk; esa cfYd Hkkjr osQ fu;kZr] •k| vkSj iks"k.k lqj{kk 
osQ lkFk&lkFk jkstxkj l`tu esa Hkh ;ksxnku dj jgk gSA ;g  
2-8 djksM+ ls vfèkd eNqvkjksa vkSj eRL;ikyu djus okys 
yksxksa dks vkthfodk çnku djrk gSA Hkkjr •kjs vkSj BaMs ikuh 
lfgr leqæh vkSj varjns'kh; nksuksa {ks=kksa esa ty lalkèkuksa dh 
çpqjrk ls laiUu gS] vkSj blosQ ikl oqQ'ky yksxksa dh ,d 
egRoiw.kZ tula[;k Hkh ekStwn gSA eRL; {ks=k ls ns'k dh okf"kZd 
fu;kZr vk; 50]000 djksM+ #i;s ls vfèkd gSA
eRL;ikyu dk fodkl% Hkkjr ljdkj dk tksj
eRL; {ks=k osQ ekè;e ls Hkkjr dh vFkZO;oLFkk dks 
c<+kok nsus osQ fy,] eRL;ikyu] i'kqikyu vkSj Ms;jh ea=kky;  
}kjk 20]050 djksM+ #i;s osQ oqQy ifj;kstuk ifjO;; osQ 
lkFk çèkkuea=kh eRL; laink ;kstuk (ih,e,e,lokbZ) 'kq: 
dh xbZ FkhA ljdkj us 2014 esa uhyh Økafr dh Hkh 'kq#vkr 
'khr ty vkSj ltkoVh eRL;ikyu osQ vykok leqæh] varnZs'kh; vkSj •kjs ikuh tSls 
mi&{ks=kksa osQ lkFk eRL;ikyu {ks=k dkiQh fofoèkrkiw.kZ gSA lgdkfjrk ea=kky; dh LFkkiuk 
osQ lkFk] ns'k esa eRL; lgdkjh vkanksyu dh xfr 2021 esa c<+h vkSj rc ls] mUgsa 
çkFkfedrk nsrs gq, okLrfod rkSj ij è;ku fn;k x;k gSA cnys gq, vkfFkZd ifjn`'; esa 
gj Lrj ij eRL; lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dh Hkwfedk ij fopkj fd;k tkuk pkfg,] vkSj mUgsa 
baÚkLVªDpj osQ fodkl vkSj fLFkjrk osQ fy, ,d çxfr'khy vkiwfrZ vkSj ewY; Ük`a•yk osQ 
fy, èku dk leFkZu fd;k tkuk pkfg,A Hkkjr ljdkj i;kZIr uhfr vkSj foÙkh; lgk;rk 
osQ ekè;e ls eRL; lgdkjh {ks=k osQ mRFkku osQ fy, çfrc¼ gSA
Hkk
ch ds feJ
jkԻh; eRL; lgdkjh la?k] fnYyh osQ iwoZ ,eMh vkSj Hkkjr esa eRL; lgdkjh lfefr;ksa osQ lapkyu vkSj 
'kklu {ks=k osQ fo'ks"kKA bZesy% bimalk1234@hotmail.com
FOCUS
55 ????? 2023
dh] ftlls u osQoy eNyh mRiknu cfYd eRL;ikyu {ks=k 
esa baÚkLVªDpj osQ fodkl dks Hkh c<+kok feykA vkRefuHkZj 
Hkkjr dks liQy cukus osQ fy, bl {ks=k esa m|e'khyrk ij 
è;ku osQafær djrs gq, dbZ ykHkkFkhZ vfHkeq• ;kstuk,a 'kq: dh 
xbZ gSaA lgdkfjrk ea=kky; dh LFkkiuk osQ lkFk 2021 esa ns'k 
esa eRL;ikyu lgdkjh vkanksyu dh xfr rst gqbZA vkfFkZd 
fodkl osQ pkyd cuus osQ fy, lgdkjh lfefr;ksa vkSj muosQ 
lnL;ksa dks et+cwr vkSj l'kDr cukus osQ fy, Hkkjr ljdkj 
}kjk ;g ,d ,sfrgkfld fu.kZ; FkkA
Hkkjr esa eRL;ikyu lgdkfjrk vkanksyu 
Hkkjr esa eRL;ikyu lgdkfjrk vkanksyu dh 'kq#vkr 
1913 esa gqbZ Fkh] tc egkjkԻ esa ^djyk ePNhekj lgdkjh 
lfefr* osQ uke ls igyh eNqvkjk laLFkk dk xBu fd;k x;k 
FkkA 110 o"kks± osQ nkSjku] Hkkjrh; ekfRL;dh lgdkfjrk vkanksyu 
fofHkUu Lrjh; lajpukvksa osQ lkFk lHkh jkT;ksa esa igqap x;k gS] 
ysfdu bldh iwjh {kerk dk nksgu fd;k tkuk vHkh ckdh gSA
24 jkT;ksa@osQaæ'kkflr çns'kksa esa çR;sd dk jkT;&Lrjh; 
eRL; la?k gSA osQoy rhu jkT;ksa esa 6 {ks=kh; la?k gSaA 
126 ftyksa esa ftyk Lrjh; eRL; la?k gSaA oqQy feykdj] 
Hkkjr esa 27]391 çkFkfed eRL;ikyu lfefr;ka gSa] ftuesa 
39-57 yk• eNqvkjs lnL; gSaA çfr lkslk;Vh lnL;rk 
vkSlru 144 eNqvkjs jgs gSaA iqnqPpsjh] rfeyukMq] dukZVd 
vkSj fcgkj esa 500 ls vfèkd lnL;ksa okyh çkFkfed 
eRL; lfefr;ka ikbZ xb±A vle] fcgkj] dukZVd] osQjy] 
fgekpy çns'k] vksfM'kk] rfeyukMq] neu vkSj nho]  
y{k}hi] iqnqPpsjhº osQoy 10 ,sls jkT;@osQaæ'kkflr çns'k Fks 
tgka çfr lfefr lnL;rk 144 çfr lfefr osQ jk‘ªh; vkSlr 
ls vfèkd ntZ dh xbZ Fkh (rkfydk&1)A
eRL;ikyu lgdkjh la?k dh Hkwfedk
us'kuy isQMjs'ku vkWiQ fiQ'klZ dksvkWijsfVOl fyfeVsM 
(fiQ'kdkWiisQM) Hkkjr esa eRL;ikyu lgdkfjrk vkanksyu osQ 
fodkl osQ fy, 'kh"kZ vkSj jkԻh; Lrj dk lgdkjh laxBu gSA 
Page 3


54 ????? 2023
vkfFkZd fodkl ds fy, 
eRL; lgdkjh {ks=k dk mRFkku
jr esa eRL;ikyu ,d mHkjrk gqvk {ks=k gSA Hkkjr 
esa bl {ks=k dks ysdj vkfFkZd fodkl dh vikj 
laHkkouk,a gSa] ftldh 8]000 fd-eh- ls vfèkd 
yack leqærV gS] 2 fefy;u oxZ fd-eh- ls vfèkd dk ,d 
fo'ks"k vkfFkZd {ks=k gS] vkSj ns'k dh yackbZ vkSj pkSM+kbZ esa 
iSQys fo'kky tyk'k; gSaA Hkkjr nqfu;k dk rhljk lcls cM+k 
eNyh mRiknd ns'k gS] tks oSf'od eNyh mRiknu esa 7-93 
çfr'kr dk ;ksxnku nsrk gS] vkSj fo'o Lrj ij ,DokdYpj 
eNyh mRiknd ns'kksa esa nwljk lcls cM+k ns'k gSA eRL;ikyu 
dk {ks=k Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk esa ,d egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrk 
gSA ;g jk‘ªh; ldy ?kjsyw mRikn dk yxHkx ,d çfr'kr 
;ksxnku djrk gSA ;g rst xfr ls vkxs c<+ jgk gS] u osQoy 
jk‘ªh; vk; esa cfYd Hkkjr osQ fu;kZr] •k| vkSj iks"k.k lqj{kk 
osQ lkFk&lkFk jkstxkj l`tu esa Hkh ;ksxnku dj jgk gSA ;g  
2-8 djksM+ ls vfèkd eNqvkjksa vkSj eRL;ikyu djus okys 
yksxksa dks vkthfodk çnku djrk gSA Hkkjr •kjs vkSj BaMs ikuh 
lfgr leqæh vkSj varjns'kh; nksuksa {ks=kksa esa ty lalkèkuksa dh 
çpqjrk ls laiUu gS] vkSj blosQ ikl oqQ'ky yksxksa dh ,d 
egRoiw.kZ tula[;k Hkh ekStwn gSA eRL; {ks=k ls ns'k dh okf"kZd 
fu;kZr vk; 50]000 djksM+ #i;s ls vfèkd gSA
eRL;ikyu dk fodkl% Hkkjr ljdkj dk tksj
eRL; {ks=k osQ ekè;e ls Hkkjr dh vFkZO;oLFkk dks 
c<+kok nsus osQ fy,] eRL;ikyu] i'kqikyu vkSj Ms;jh ea=kky;  
}kjk 20]050 djksM+ #i;s osQ oqQy ifj;kstuk ifjO;; osQ 
lkFk çèkkuea=kh eRL; laink ;kstuk (ih,e,e,lokbZ) 'kq: 
dh xbZ FkhA ljdkj us 2014 esa uhyh Økafr dh Hkh 'kq#vkr 
'khr ty vkSj ltkoVh eRL;ikyu osQ vykok leqæh] varnZs'kh; vkSj •kjs ikuh tSls 
mi&{ks=kksa osQ lkFk eRL;ikyu {ks=k dkiQh fofoèkrkiw.kZ gSA lgdkfjrk ea=kky; dh LFkkiuk 
osQ lkFk] ns'k esa eRL; lgdkjh vkanksyu dh xfr 2021 esa c<+h vkSj rc ls] mUgsa 
çkFkfedrk nsrs gq, okLrfod rkSj ij è;ku fn;k x;k gSA cnys gq, vkfFkZd ifjn`'; esa 
gj Lrj ij eRL; lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dh Hkwfedk ij fopkj fd;k tkuk pkfg,] vkSj mUgsa 
baÚkLVªDpj osQ fodkl vkSj fLFkjrk osQ fy, ,d çxfr'khy vkiwfrZ vkSj ewY; Ük`a•yk osQ 
fy, èku dk leFkZu fd;k tkuk pkfg,A Hkkjr ljdkj i;kZIr uhfr vkSj foÙkh; lgk;rk 
osQ ekè;e ls eRL; lgdkjh {ks=k osQ mRFkku osQ fy, çfrc¼ gSA
Hkk
ch ds feJ
jkԻh; eRL; lgdkjh la?k] fnYyh osQ iwoZ ,eMh vkSj Hkkjr esa eRL; lgdkjh lfefr;ksa osQ lapkyu vkSj 
'kklu {ks=k osQ fo'ks"kKA bZesy% bimalk1234@hotmail.com
FOCUS
55 ????? 2023
dh] ftlls u osQoy eNyh mRiknu cfYd eRL;ikyu {ks=k 
esa baÚkLVªDpj osQ fodkl dks Hkh c<+kok feykA vkRefuHkZj 
Hkkjr dks liQy cukus osQ fy, bl {ks=k esa m|e'khyrk ij 
è;ku osQafær djrs gq, dbZ ykHkkFkhZ vfHkeq• ;kstuk,a 'kq: dh 
xbZ gSaA lgdkfjrk ea=kky; dh LFkkiuk osQ lkFk 2021 esa ns'k 
esa eRL;ikyu lgdkjh vkanksyu dh xfr rst gqbZA vkfFkZd 
fodkl osQ pkyd cuus osQ fy, lgdkjh lfefr;ksa vkSj muosQ 
lnL;ksa dks et+cwr vkSj l'kDr cukus osQ fy, Hkkjr ljdkj 
}kjk ;g ,d ,sfrgkfld fu.kZ; FkkA
Hkkjr esa eRL;ikyu lgdkfjrk vkanksyu 
Hkkjr esa eRL;ikyu lgdkfjrk vkanksyu dh 'kq#vkr 
1913 esa gqbZ Fkh] tc egkjkԻ esa ^djyk ePNhekj lgdkjh 
lfefr* osQ uke ls igyh eNqvkjk laLFkk dk xBu fd;k x;k 
FkkA 110 o"kks± osQ nkSjku] Hkkjrh; ekfRL;dh lgdkfjrk vkanksyu 
fofHkUu Lrjh; lajpukvksa osQ lkFk lHkh jkT;ksa esa igqap x;k gS] 
ysfdu bldh iwjh {kerk dk nksgu fd;k tkuk vHkh ckdh gSA
24 jkT;ksa@osQaæ'kkflr çns'kksa esa çR;sd dk jkT;&Lrjh; 
eRL; la?k gSA osQoy rhu jkT;ksa esa 6 {ks=kh; la?k gSaA 
126 ftyksa esa ftyk Lrjh; eRL; la?k gSaA oqQy feykdj] 
Hkkjr esa 27]391 çkFkfed eRL;ikyu lfefr;ka gSa] ftuesa 
39-57 yk• eNqvkjs lnL; gSaA çfr lkslk;Vh lnL;rk 
vkSlru 144 eNqvkjs jgs gSaA iqnqPpsjh] rfeyukMq] dukZVd 
vkSj fcgkj esa 500 ls vfèkd lnL;ksa okyh çkFkfed 
eRL; lfefr;ka ikbZ xb±A vle] fcgkj] dukZVd] osQjy] 
fgekpy çns'k] vksfM'kk] rfeyukMq] neu vkSj nho]  
y{k}hi] iqnqPpsjhº osQoy 10 ,sls jkT;@osQaæ'kkflr çns'k Fks 
tgka çfr lfefr lnL;rk 144 çfr lfefr osQ jk‘ªh; vkSlr 
ls vfèkd ntZ dh xbZ Fkh (rkfydk&1)A
eRL;ikyu lgdkjh la?k dh Hkwfedk
us'kuy isQMjs'ku vkWiQ fiQ'klZ dksvkWijsfVOl fyfeVsM 
(fiQ'kdkWiisQM) Hkkjr esa eRL;ikyu lgdkfjrk vkanksyu osQ 
fodkl osQ fy, 'kh"kZ vkSj jkԻh; Lrj dk lgdkjh laxBu gSA 
56 ????? 2023
lkj.kh&1% Hkkjr esa eRL;ikyu lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dh ekStwnk lajpuk
Ø- jkT;@osQaæ'kkflr çns'k
lfefr;ksa dh la[;k (Lrj)
oqQy esa ls 
çkFkfed lfefr 
dk »
lnL;ksa dh 
la[;k
çfr lfefr 
fdlkuksa dh 
la[;k
jkT; ftyk çkFkfed
1 vkaèkz çns'k 1 13 2,810 10.26 2,86,410 102
2 v#.kkpy çns'k - - 11 0.04 230 21
3 vle 1 2 520 1.90 90,000 173
4 fcgkj 1 5 528 1.93 4,10,007 777
5 NÙkhlx<+ 1 5 1671 6.10 55,685 33
6 xksok - - 26 0.09 1,503 58
7 xqtjkr 1   701 2.56 94,893 135
8 gfj;k.kk - - 124 0.45 1,276 10
9 fgekpy çns'k
- - 62 0.23 9,742 157
10 >kj•aM 1   520 1.90 32,635 63
11 dukZVd 1 - 714 2.61 4,82,115 675
12 osQjy 1 - 985 3.60 4,60,486 467
13 eè; çns'k 1 - 2,734 9.98 96,817 35
14 egkjkԻ* 1 36 3,775 13.78 3,32,636 88
15 ef.kiqj* 1 3 800 2.92 14,258 18
16 es?kky; 1 - 128 0.47 611 5
17 fetksje 1 1 47 0.17 1,656 35
18 uxkySaM 1 - 370 1.35 9,234 25
19 vksfM'kk* 1 - 775 2.83 1,54,318 199
20 iatkc
- 1 9 0.03 95 11
21 jktLFkku 1 1 137 0.50 4,130 30
22 flfDde - - 8 0.03 230 29
23 rfeyukMq 1 12 1,475 5.38 7,61,521 516
24 rsyaxkuk 1 - 5,200 18.98 3,64,357 70
25 f=kiqjk 1 - 308 1.12 22,967 75
26 mÙkj çns'k 1 23 1,125 4.11 54,521 48
27 mÙkjk•aM 1 1 167 0.61 634 4
28 if'pe caxky 1 20 1,433 5.23 1,31,578 92
29 vaMeku&fudksckj }hilewg - 1 129 0.47 4,149 32
30 neu&nho - - 19 0.07 3,176 167
31 y{;}hi - - 6 0.02 2,910 485
32 tEew&d'ehj - 1 6 0.02 162 27
33 iqnqPpsjh 1 1 67 0.24 72,162 1077
34 yík• - - 1 0.00 21 21
oqQy 24 126 27,391 100 39,57,104 144
lzksr% fiQ'kdkWiisQM MkVk cSad&lacafèkr jkT;ksa@osQaæ'kkflr çns'kksa ls ,d=k fd, x, MkVk
uksV% *Hkkjr esa 9 {ks=kh; eRL;ikyu la?k gSaA vksfM'kk] egkjk‘ª vkSj ef.kiqj esa Øe'k% 6] 2 vkSj 1 {ks=kh; eRL;ikyu la?k gSaA
Page 4


54 ????? 2023
vkfFkZd fodkl ds fy, 
eRL; lgdkjh {ks=k dk mRFkku
jr esa eRL;ikyu ,d mHkjrk gqvk {ks=k gSA Hkkjr 
esa bl {ks=k dks ysdj vkfFkZd fodkl dh vikj 
laHkkouk,a gSa] ftldh 8]000 fd-eh- ls vfèkd 
yack leqærV gS] 2 fefy;u oxZ fd-eh- ls vfèkd dk ,d 
fo'ks"k vkfFkZd {ks=k gS] vkSj ns'k dh yackbZ vkSj pkSM+kbZ esa 
iSQys fo'kky tyk'k; gSaA Hkkjr nqfu;k dk rhljk lcls cM+k 
eNyh mRiknd ns'k gS] tks oSf'od eNyh mRiknu esa 7-93 
çfr'kr dk ;ksxnku nsrk gS] vkSj fo'o Lrj ij ,DokdYpj 
eNyh mRiknd ns'kksa esa nwljk lcls cM+k ns'k gSA eRL;ikyu 
dk {ks=k Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk esa ,d egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrk 
gSA ;g jk‘ªh; ldy ?kjsyw mRikn dk yxHkx ,d çfr'kr 
;ksxnku djrk gSA ;g rst xfr ls vkxs c<+ jgk gS] u osQoy 
jk‘ªh; vk; esa cfYd Hkkjr osQ fu;kZr] •k| vkSj iks"k.k lqj{kk 
osQ lkFk&lkFk jkstxkj l`tu esa Hkh ;ksxnku dj jgk gSA ;g  
2-8 djksM+ ls vfèkd eNqvkjksa vkSj eRL;ikyu djus okys 
yksxksa dks vkthfodk çnku djrk gSA Hkkjr •kjs vkSj BaMs ikuh 
lfgr leqæh vkSj varjns'kh; nksuksa {ks=kksa esa ty lalkèkuksa dh 
çpqjrk ls laiUu gS] vkSj blosQ ikl oqQ'ky yksxksa dh ,d 
egRoiw.kZ tula[;k Hkh ekStwn gSA eRL; {ks=k ls ns'k dh okf"kZd 
fu;kZr vk; 50]000 djksM+ #i;s ls vfèkd gSA
eRL;ikyu dk fodkl% Hkkjr ljdkj dk tksj
eRL; {ks=k osQ ekè;e ls Hkkjr dh vFkZO;oLFkk dks 
c<+kok nsus osQ fy,] eRL;ikyu] i'kqikyu vkSj Ms;jh ea=kky;  
}kjk 20]050 djksM+ #i;s osQ oqQy ifj;kstuk ifjO;; osQ 
lkFk çèkkuea=kh eRL; laink ;kstuk (ih,e,e,lokbZ) 'kq: 
dh xbZ FkhA ljdkj us 2014 esa uhyh Økafr dh Hkh 'kq#vkr 
'khr ty vkSj ltkoVh eRL;ikyu osQ vykok leqæh] varnZs'kh; vkSj •kjs ikuh tSls 
mi&{ks=kksa osQ lkFk eRL;ikyu {ks=k dkiQh fofoèkrkiw.kZ gSA lgdkfjrk ea=kky; dh LFkkiuk 
osQ lkFk] ns'k esa eRL; lgdkjh vkanksyu dh xfr 2021 esa c<+h vkSj rc ls] mUgsa 
çkFkfedrk nsrs gq, okLrfod rkSj ij è;ku fn;k x;k gSA cnys gq, vkfFkZd ifjn`'; esa 
gj Lrj ij eRL; lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dh Hkwfedk ij fopkj fd;k tkuk pkfg,] vkSj mUgsa 
baÚkLVªDpj osQ fodkl vkSj fLFkjrk osQ fy, ,d çxfr'khy vkiwfrZ vkSj ewY; Ük`a•yk osQ 
fy, èku dk leFkZu fd;k tkuk pkfg,A Hkkjr ljdkj i;kZIr uhfr vkSj foÙkh; lgk;rk 
osQ ekè;e ls eRL; lgdkjh {ks=k osQ mRFkku osQ fy, çfrc¼ gSA
Hkk
ch ds feJ
jkԻh; eRL; lgdkjh la?k] fnYyh osQ iwoZ ,eMh vkSj Hkkjr esa eRL; lgdkjh lfefr;ksa osQ lapkyu vkSj 
'kklu {ks=k osQ fo'ks"kKA bZesy% bimalk1234@hotmail.com
FOCUS
55 ????? 2023
dh] ftlls u osQoy eNyh mRiknu cfYd eRL;ikyu {ks=k 
esa baÚkLVªDpj osQ fodkl dks Hkh c<+kok feykA vkRefuHkZj 
Hkkjr dks liQy cukus osQ fy, bl {ks=k esa m|e'khyrk ij 
è;ku osQafær djrs gq, dbZ ykHkkFkhZ vfHkeq• ;kstuk,a 'kq: dh 
xbZ gSaA lgdkfjrk ea=kky; dh LFkkiuk osQ lkFk 2021 esa ns'k 
esa eRL;ikyu lgdkjh vkanksyu dh xfr rst gqbZA vkfFkZd 
fodkl osQ pkyd cuus osQ fy, lgdkjh lfefr;ksa vkSj muosQ 
lnL;ksa dks et+cwr vkSj l'kDr cukus osQ fy, Hkkjr ljdkj 
}kjk ;g ,d ,sfrgkfld fu.kZ; FkkA
Hkkjr esa eRL;ikyu lgdkfjrk vkanksyu 
Hkkjr esa eRL;ikyu lgdkfjrk vkanksyu dh 'kq#vkr 
1913 esa gqbZ Fkh] tc egkjkԻ esa ^djyk ePNhekj lgdkjh 
lfefr* osQ uke ls igyh eNqvkjk laLFkk dk xBu fd;k x;k 
FkkA 110 o"kks± osQ nkSjku] Hkkjrh; ekfRL;dh lgdkfjrk vkanksyu 
fofHkUu Lrjh; lajpukvksa osQ lkFk lHkh jkT;ksa esa igqap x;k gS] 
ysfdu bldh iwjh {kerk dk nksgu fd;k tkuk vHkh ckdh gSA
24 jkT;ksa@osQaæ'kkflr çns'kksa esa çR;sd dk jkT;&Lrjh; 
eRL; la?k gSA osQoy rhu jkT;ksa esa 6 {ks=kh; la?k gSaA 
126 ftyksa esa ftyk Lrjh; eRL; la?k gSaA oqQy feykdj] 
Hkkjr esa 27]391 çkFkfed eRL;ikyu lfefr;ka gSa] ftuesa 
39-57 yk• eNqvkjs lnL; gSaA çfr lkslk;Vh lnL;rk 
vkSlru 144 eNqvkjs jgs gSaA iqnqPpsjh] rfeyukMq] dukZVd 
vkSj fcgkj esa 500 ls vfèkd lnL;ksa okyh çkFkfed 
eRL; lfefr;ka ikbZ xb±A vle] fcgkj] dukZVd] osQjy] 
fgekpy çns'k] vksfM'kk] rfeyukMq] neu vkSj nho]  
y{k}hi] iqnqPpsjhº osQoy 10 ,sls jkT;@osQaæ'kkflr çns'k Fks 
tgka çfr lfefr lnL;rk 144 çfr lfefr osQ jk‘ªh; vkSlr 
ls vfèkd ntZ dh xbZ Fkh (rkfydk&1)A
eRL;ikyu lgdkjh la?k dh Hkwfedk
us'kuy isQMjs'ku vkWiQ fiQ'klZ dksvkWijsfVOl fyfeVsM 
(fiQ'kdkWiisQM) Hkkjr esa eRL;ikyu lgdkfjrk vkanksyu osQ 
fodkl osQ fy, 'kh"kZ vkSj jkԻh; Lrj dk lgdkjh laxBu gSA 
56 ????? 2023
lkj.kh&1% Hkkjr esa eRL;ikyu lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dh ekStwnk lajpuk
Ø- jkT;@osQaæ'kkflr çns'k
lfefr;ksa dh la[;k (Lrj)
oqQy esa ls 
çkFkfed lfefr 
dk »
lnL;ksa dh 
la[;k
çfr lfefr 
fdlkuksa dh 
la[;k
jkT; ftyk çkFkfed
1 vkaèkz çns'k 1 13 2,810 10.26 2,86,410 102
2 v#.kkpy çns'k - - 11 0.04 230 21
3 vle 1 2 520 1.90 90,000 173
4 fcgkj 1 5 528 1.93 4,10,007 777
5 NÙkhlx<+ 1 5 1671 6.10 55,685 33
6 xksok - - 26 0.09 1,503 58
7 xqtjkr 1   701 2.56 94,893 135
8 gfj;k.kk - - 124 0.45 1,276 10
9 fgekpy çns'k
- - 62 0.23 9,742 157
10 >kj•aM 1   520 1.90 32,635 63
11 dukZVd 1 - 714 2.61 4,82,115 675
12 osQjy 1 - 985 3.60 4,60,486 467
13 eè; çns'k 1 - 2,734 9.98 96,817 35
14 egkjkԻ* 1 36 3,775 13.78 3,32,636 88
15 ef.kiqj* 1 3 800 2.92 14,258 18
16 es?kky; 1 - 128 0.47 611 5
17 fetksje 1 1 47 0.17 1,656 35
18 uxkySaM 1 - 370 1.35 9,234 25
19 vksfM'kk* 1 - 775 2.83 1,54,318 199
20 iatkc
- 1 9 0.03 95 11
21 jktLFkku 1 1 137 0.50 4,130 30
22 flfDde - - 8 0.03 230 29
23 rfeyukMq 1 12 1,475 5.38 7,61,521 516
24 rsyaxkuk 1 - 5,200 18.98 3,64,357 70
25 f=kiqjk 1 - 308 1.12 22,967 75
26 mÙkj çns'k 1 23 1,125 4.11 54,521 48
27 mÙkjk•aM 1 1 167 0.61 634 4
28 if'pe caxky 1 20 1,433 5.23 1,31,578 92
29 vaMeku&fudksckj }hilewg - 1 129 0.47 4,149 32
30 neu&nho - - 19 0.07 3,176 167
31 y{;}hi - - 6 0.02 2,910 485
32 tEew&d'ehj - 1 6 0.02 162 27
33 iqnqPpsjh 1 1 67 0.24 72,162 1077
34 yík• - - 1 0.00 21 21
oqQy 24 126 27,391 100 39,57,104 144
lzksr% fiQ'kdkWiisQM MkVk cSad&lacafèkr jkT;ksa@osQaæ'kkflr çns'kksa ls ,d=k fd, x, MkVk
uksV% *Hkkjr esa 9 {ks=kh; eRL;ikyu la?k gSaA vksfM'kk] egkjk‘ª vkSj ef.kiqj esa Øe'k% 6] 2 vkSj 1 {ks=kh; eRL;ikyu la?k gSaA
57 ????? 2023
1980 esa iathÑr] egkla?k us 1982 
esa viuk lapkyu 'kq: fd;k vkSj 
vc iwjs ns'k esa 104 lnL; laLFkku 
gSa] ftuesa eRL;ikyu] i'kqikyu 
vkSj Ms;jh ea=kky;] Hkkjr ljdkj 
vkSj jkԻh; lgdkjh fodkl fuxe 
(,ulhMhlh) 'kkfey gSaA
fiQ'kdkWiisQM ns'k esa eRL;ikyu 
lgdkjh lfefr;ksa osQ l'kDrhdj.k 
osQ fy, lefiZr gSA ;g varjjk"Vªh; 
lgdkfjrk xBcaèku dk lnL; gS 
vkSj varjjk"Vªh; lgdkjh eRL;ikyu 
laxBu (vkbZlh,iQvks) vkSj ,f'k;k 
vkSj ç'kkar (,ubZMh,lh) esa Ñf"k 
lgdkjh lfefr;ksa osQ fodkl osQ 
fy, usVodZ dk Hkh lnL; gSA 
fiQ'kdkWiisQM çkFkfed eRL;ikyu 
lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dh vklkuh osQ fy, •qnjk vkSj Fkksd 
O;kikjh osQ :i esa dbZ jkT;ksa esa eNyh foi.ku osQ vykok 
eRL;ikyu {ks=k esa fofHkUu çpkj vkSj dY;k.kdkjh xfrfofèk;ksa 
esa yxk gqvk gSA iQyLo:i ;g ,d fuckZèk foi.ku pSuy 
çnku djrk gS vkSj foØsrkvksa dks mudh mit osQ fy, csgrj 
dher nsrk gSA
eRL; lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dk jkԻh; MkVkcsl
lgdkfjrk ea=kky; dh LFkkiuk osQ lkFk] eRL;ikyu 
lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dks çkFkfedrk nh xbZ gS vkSj okLrfod rkSj 
ij mudh vksj è;ku fn;k x;k gSA ns'k osQ igys lgdkfjrk 
ea=kh vfer 'kkg osQ ekxZn'kZu esa vkus okys ikap o"kks± esa ns'k 
dh çR;sd iapk;r dks doj djus okyh eRL;ikyu lgdkjh 
lfefr;ksa dks 2 yk• la[;k rd igqapkus dk fu.kZ; fy;k x;k 
gSA jkԻh; eRL; fodkl cksMZ (,u,iQMhch) vkSj fiQ'kdkWiisQM 
dks lacafèkr jkT;@osQaæ'kkflr çns'k osQ vfèkdkfj;ksa osQ lkFk 
leUo; esa dke esa rsth ykus dk dke lkSaik x;k gSA BaMs 
ikuh vkSj ltkoVh eRL;ikyu osQ vykok leqæh] varjns'kh; 
vkSj •kjs ikuh tSls mi&{ks=kksa osQ lkFk eRL;ikyu {ks=k dkiQh 
fofoèkrkiw.kZ gSA eNqvkjs eNyh çlaLdj.k vkSj foi.ku esa Hkh 
egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gSa vkSj eRL;ikyu lgdkjh lfefr;ksa 
esa dkiQh lfØ; gSa_ blosQ vykok] fo'ks"k eNqvkjk lgdkjh 
lfefr;ka gSaA MkVkcsl gesa {ks=kokj varj dh igpku djus esa 
enn dj ldrk gSA blosQ vkèkkj ij 
varj dks ikVus osQ ç;kl fd, tk,axsA
ekfRL;dh {ks=k dh çkFkfed lfefr;ksa 
us osQjy vkSj egkjkԻ tSls oqQN jkT;ksa 
esa mRÑ‘ çn'kZu fd;k gSA bu lfefr;ksa 
dks izkbejh ,xzhdYpj ØsfMV lkslkbVht+ 
(iSDl) osQ vuq:i ,d osruHkksxh lfpo 
vkSj Lopkyu osQ lkFk is'ksoj :i ls 
çcafèkr djus dh vko';drk gSA eu 
eqrkfcd lnL;rk osQ lkFk eRL; lgdkjh 
lfefr;ksa osQ dkedkt dks et+cwr djus 
osQ fy, tyk'k;ksa vkSj mRiknu bdkb;ksa 
dk ekufp=k.k vko';d gSA fiQ'kdkWiisQM 
osQ rRokoèkku esa Åijh Lrjksa osQ lkFk 
,dhdj.k osQ ekè;e ls] lHkh eRL;ikyu 
Page 5


54 ????? 2023
vkfFkZd fodkl ds fy, 
eRL; lgdkjh {ks=k dk mRFkku
jr esa eRL;ikyu ,d mHkjrk gqvk {ks=k gSA Hkkjr 
esa bl {ks=k dks ysdj vkfFkZd fodkl dh vikj 
laHkkouk,a gSa] ftldh 8]000 fd-eh- ls vfèkd 
yack leqærV gS] 2 fefy;u oxZ fd-eh- ls vfèkd dk ,d 
fo'ks"k vkfFkZd {ks=k gS] vkSj ns'k dh yackbZ vkSj pkSM+kbZ esa 
iSQys fo'kky tyk'k; gSaA Hkkjr nqfu;k dk rhljk lcls cM+k 
eNyh mRiknd ns'k gS] tks oSf'od eNyh mRiknu esa 7-93 
çfr'kr dk ;ksxnku nsrk gS] vkSj fo'o Lrj ij ,DokdYpj 
eNyh mRiknd ns'kksa esa nwljk lcls cM+k ns'k gSA eRL;ikyu 
dk {ks=k Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk esa ,d egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrk 
gSA ;g jk‘ªh; ldy ?kjsyw mRikn dk yxHkx ,d çfr'kr 
;ksxnku djrk gSA ;g rst xfr ls vkxs c<+ jgk gS] u osQoy 
jk‘ªh; vk; esa cfYd Hkkjr osQ fu;kZr] •k| vkSj iks"k.k lqj{kk 
osQ lkFk&lkFk jkstxkj l`tu esa Hkh ;ksxnku dj jgk gSA ;g  
2-8 djksM+ ls vfèkd eNqvkjksa vkSj eRL;ikyu djus okys 
yksxksa dks vkthfodk çnku djrk gSA Hkkjr •kjs vkSj BaMs ikuh 
lfgr leqæh vkSj varjns'kh; nksuksa {ks=kksa esa ty lalkèkuksa dh 
çpqjrk ls laiUu gS] vkSj blosQ ikl oqQ'ky yksxksa dh ,d 
egRoiw.kZ tula[;k Hkh ekStwn gSA eRL; {ks=k ls ns'k dh okf"kZd 
fu;kZr vk; 50]000 djksM+ #i;s ls vfèkd gSA
eRL;ikyu dk fodkl% Hkkjr ljdkj dk tksj
eRL; {ks=k osQ ekè;e ls Hkkjr dh vFkZO;oLFkk dks 
c<+kok nsus osQ fy,] eRL;ikyu] i'kqikyu vkSj Ms;jh ea=kky;  
}kjk 20]050 djksM+ #i;s osQ oqQy ifj;kstuk ifjO;; osQ 
lkFk çèkkuea=kh eRL; laink ;kstuk (ih,e,e,lokbZ) 'kq: 
dh xbZ FkhA ljdkj us 2014 esa uhyh Økafr dh Hkh 'kq#vkr 
'khr ty vkSj ltkoVh eRL;ikyu osQ vykok leqæh] varnZs'kh; vkSj •kjs ikuh tSls 
mi&{ks=kksa osQ lkFk eRL;ikyu {ks=k dkiQh fofoèkrkiw.kZ gSA lgdkfjrk ea=kky; dh LFkkiuk 
osQ lkFk] ns'k esa eRL; lgdkjh vkanksyu dh xfr 2021 esa c<+h vkSj rc ls] mUgsa 
çkFkfedrk nsrs gq, okLrfod rkSj ij è;ku fn;k x;k gSA cnys gq, vkfFkZd ifjn`'; esa 
gj Lrj ij eRL; lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dh Hkwfedk ij fopkj fd;k tkuk pkfg,] vkSj mUgsa 
baÚkLVªDpj osQ fodkl vkSj fLFkjrk osQ fy, ,d çxfr'khy vkiwfrZ vkSj ewY; Ük`a•yk osQ 
fy, èku dk leFkZu fd;k tkuk pkfg,A Hkkjr ljdkj i;kZIr uhfr vkSj foÙkh; lgk;rk 
osQ ekè;e ls eRL; lgdkjh {ks=k osQ mRFkku osQ fy, çfrc¼ gSA
Hkk
ch ds feJ
jkԻh; eRL; lgdkjh la?k] fnYyh osQ iwoZ ,eMh vkSj Hkkjr esa eRL; lgdkjh lfefr;ksa osQ lapkyu vkSj 
'kklu {ks=k osQ fo'ks"kKA bZesy% bimalk1234@hotmail.com
FOCUS
55 ????? 2023
dh] ftlls u osQoy eNyh mRiknu cfYd eRL;ikyu {ks=k 
esa baÚkLVªDpj osQ fodkl dks Hkh c<+kok feykA vkRefuHkZj 
Hkkjr dks liQy cukus osQ fy, bl {ks=k esa m|e'khyrk ij 
è;ku osQafær djrs gq, dbZ ykHkkFkhZ vfHkeq• ;kstuk,a 'kq: dh 
xbZ gSaA lgdkfjrk ea=kky; dh LFkkiuk osQ lkFk 2021 esa ns'k 
esa eRL;ikyu lgdkjh vkanksyu dh xfr rst gqbZA vkfFkZd 
fodkl osQ pkyd cuus osQ fy, lgdkjh lfefr;ksa vkSj muosQ 
lnL;ksa dks et+cwr vkSj l'kDr cukus osQ fy, Hkkjr ljdkj 
}kjk ;g ,d ,sfrgkfld fu.kZ; FkkA
Hkkjr esa eRL;ikyu lgdkfjrk vkanksyu 
Hkkjr esa eRL;ikyu lgdkfjrk vkanksyu dh 'kq#vkr 
1913 esa gqbZ Fkh] tc egkjkԻ esa ^djyk ePNhekj lgdkjh 
lfefr* osQ uke ls igyh eNqvkjk laLFkk dk xBu fd;k x;k 
FkkA 110 o"kks± osQ nkSjku] Hkkjrh; ekfRL;dh lgdkfjrk vkanksyu 
fofHkUu Lrjh; lajpukvksa osQ lkFk lHkh jkT;ksa esa igqap x;k gS] 
ysfdu bldh iwjh {kerk dk nksgu fd;k tkuk vHkh ckdh gSA
24 jkT;ksa@osQaæ'kkflr çns'kksa esa çR;sd dk jkT;&Lrjh; 
eRL; la?k gSA osQoy rhu jkT;ksa esa 6 {ks=kh; la?k gSaA 
126 ftyksa esa ftyk Lrjh; eRL; la?k gSaA oqQy feykdj] 
Hkkjr esa 27]391 çkFkfed eRL;ikyu lfefr;ka gSa] ftuesa 
39-57 yk• eNqvkjs lnL; gSaA çfr lkslk;Vh lnL;rk 
vkSlru 144 eNqvkjs jgs gSaA iqnqPpsjh] rfeyukMq] dukZVd 
vkSj fcgkj esa 500 ls vfèkd lnL;ksa okyh çkFkfed 
eRL; lfefr;ka ikbZ xb±A vle] fcgkj] dukZVd] osQjy] 
fgekpy çns'k] vksfM'kk] rfeyukMq] neu vkSj nho]  
y{k}hi] iqnqPpsjhº osQoy 10 ,sls jkT;@osQaæ'kkflr çns'k Fks 
tgka çfr lfefr lnL;rk 144 çfr lfefr osQ jk‘ªh; vkSlr 
ls vfèkd ntZ dh xbZ Fkh (rkfydk&1)A
eRL;ikyu lgdkjh la?k dh Hkwfedk
us'kuy isQMjs'ku vkWiQ fiQ'klZ dksvkWijsfVOl fyfeVsM 
(fiQ'kdkWiisQM) Hkkjr esa eRL;ikyu lgdkfjrk vkanksyu osQ 
fodkl osQ fy, 'kh"kZ vkSj jkԻh; Lrj dk lgdkjh laxBu gSA 
56 ????? 2023
lkj.kh&1% Hkkjr esa eRL;ikyu lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dh ekStwnk lajpuk
Ø- jkT;@osQaæ'kkflr çns'k
lfefr;ksa dh la[;k (Lrj)
oqQy esa ls 
çkFkfed lfefr 
dk »
lnL;ksa dh 
la[;k
çfr lfefr 
fdlkuksa dh 
la[;k
jkT; ftyk çkFkfed
1 vkaèkz çns'k 1 13 2,810 10.26 2,86,410 102
2 v#.kkpy çns'k - - 11 0.04 230 21
3 vle 1 2 520 1.90 90,000 173
4 fcgkj 1 5 528 1.93 4,10,007 777
5 NÙkhlx<+ 1 5 1671 6.10 55,685 33
6 xksok - - 26 0.09 1,503 58
7 xqtjkr 1   701 2.56 94,893 135
8 gfj;k.kk - - 124 0.45 1,276 10
9 fgekpy çns'k
- - 62 0.23 9,742 157
10 >kj•aM 1   520 1.90 32,635 63
11 dukZVd 1 - 714 2.61 4,82,115 675
12 osQjy 1 - 985 3.60 4,60,486 467
13 eè; çns'k 1 - 2,734 9.98 96,817 35
14 egkjkԻ* 1 36 3,775 13.78 3,32,636 88
15 ef.kiqj* 1 3 800 2.92 14,258 18
16 es?kky; 1 - 128 0.47 611 5
17 fetksje 1 1 47 0.17 1,656 35
18 uxkySaM 1 - 370 1.35 9,234 25
19 vksfM'kk* 1 - 775 2.83 1,54,318 199
20 iatkc
- 1 9 0.03 95 11
21 jktLFkku 1 1 137 0.50 4,130 30
22 flfDde - - 8 0.03 230 29
23 rfeyukMq 1 12 1,475 5.38 7,61,521 516
24 rsyaxkuk 1 - 5,200 18.98 3,64,357 70
25 f=kiqjk 1 - 308 1.12 22,967 75
26 mÙkj çns'k 1 23 1,125 4.11 54,521 48
27 mÙkjk•aM 1 1 167 0.61 634 4
28 if'pe caxky 1 20 1,433 5.23 1,31,578 92
29 vaMeku&fudksckj }hilewg - 1 129 0.47 4,149 32
30 neu&nho - - 19 0.07 3,176 167
31 y{;}hi - - 6 0.02 2,910 485
32 tEew&d'ehj - 1 6 0.02 162 27
33 iqnqPpsjh 1 1 67 0.24 72,162 1077
34 yík• - - 1 0.00 21 21
oqQy 24 126 27,391 100 39,57,104 144
lzksr% fiQ'kdkWiisQM MkVk cSad&lacafèkr jkT;ksa@osQaæ'kkflr çns'kksa ls ,d=k fd, x, MkVk
uksV% *Hkkjr esa 9 {ks=kh; eRL;ikyu la?k gSaA vksfM'kk] egkjk‘ª vkSj ef.kiqj esa Øe'k% 6] 2 vkSj 1 {ks=kh; eRL;ikyu la?k gSaA
57 ????? 2023
1980 esa iathÑr] egkla?k us 1982 
esa viuk lapkyu 'kq: fd;k vkSj 
vc iwjs ns'k esa 104 lnL; laLFkku 
gSa] ftuesa eRL;ikyu] i'kqikyu 
vkSj Ms;jh ea=kky;] Hkkjr ljdkj 
vkSj jkԻh; lgdkjh fodkl fuxe 
(,ulhMhlh) 'kkfey gSaA
fiQ'kdkWiisQM ns'k esa eRL;ikyu 
lgdkjh lfefr;ksa osQ l'kDrhdj.k 
osQ fy, lefiZr gSA ;g varjjk"Vªh; 
lgdkfjrk xBcaèku dk lnL; gS 
vkSj varjjk"Vªh; lgdkjh eRL;ikyu 
laxBu (vkbZlh,iQvks) vkSj ,f'k;k 
vkSj ç'kkar (,ubZMh,lh) esa Ñf"k 
lgdkjh lfefr;ksa osQ fodkl osQ 
fy, usVodZ dk Hkh lnL; gSA 
fiQ'kdkWiisQM çkFkfed eRL;ikyu 
lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dh vklkuh osQ fy, •qnjk vkSj Fkksd 
O;kikjh osQ :i esa dbZ jkT;ksa esa eNyh foi.ku osQ vykok 
eRL;ikyu {ks=k esa fofHkUu çpkj vkSj dY;k.kdkjh xfrfofèk;ksa 
esa yxk gqvk gSA iQyLo:i ;g ,d fuckZèk foi.ku pSuy 
çnku djrk gS vkSj foØsrkvksa dks mudh mit osQ fy, csgrj 
dher nsrk gSA
eRL; lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dk jkԻh; MkVkcsl
lgdkfjrk ea=kky; dh LFkkiuk osQ lkFk] eRL;ikyu 
lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dks çkFkfedrk nh xbZ gS vkSj okLrfod rkSj 
ij mudh vksj è;ku fn;k x;k gSA ns'k osQ igys lgdkfjrk 
ea=kh vfer 'kkg osQ ekxZn'kZu esa vkus okys ikap o"kks± esa ns'k 
dh çR;sd iapk;r dks doj djus okyh eRL;ikyu lgdkjh 
lfefr;ksa dks 2 yk• la[;k rd igqapkus dk fu.kZ; fy;k x;k 
gSA jkԻh; eRL; fodkl cksMZ (,u,iQMhch) vkSj fiQ'kdkWiisQM 
dks lacafèkr jkT;@osQaæ'kkflr çns'k osQ vfèkdkfj;ksa osQ lkFk 
leUo; esa dke esa rsth ykus dk dke lkSaik x;k gSA BaMs 
ikuh vkSj ltkoVh eRL;ikyu osQ vykok leqæh] varjns'kh; 
vkSj •kjs ikuh tSls mi&{ks=kksa osQ lkFk eRL;ikyu {ks=k dkiQh 
fofoèkrkiw.kZ gSA eNqvkjs eNyh çlaLdj.k vkSj foi.ku esa Hkh 
egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gSa vkSj eRL;ikyu lgdkjh lfefr;ksa 
esa dkiQh lfØ; gSa_ blosQ vykok] fo'ks"k eNqvkjk lgdkjh 
lfefr;ka gSaA MkVkcsl gesa {ks=kokj varj dh igpku djus esa 
enn dj ldrk gSA blosQ vkèkkj ij 
varj dks ikVus osQ ç;kl fd, tk,axsA
ekfRL;dh {ks=k dh çkFkfed lfefr;ksa 
us osQjy vkSj egkjkԻ tSls oqQN jkT;ksa 
esa mRÑ‘ çn'kZu fd;k gSA bu lfefr;ksa 
dks izkbejh ,xzhdYpj ØsfMV lkslkbVht+ 
(iSDl) osQ vuq:i ,d osruHkksxh lfpo 
vkSj Lopkyu osQ lkFk is'ksoj :i ls 
çcafèkr djus dh vko';drk gSA eu 
eqrkfcd lnL;rk osQ lkFk eRL; lgdkjh 
lfefr;ksa osQ dkedkt dks et+cwr djus 
osQ fy, tyk'k;ksa vkSj mRiknu bdkb;ksa 
dk ekufp=k.k vko';d gSA fiQ'kdkWiisQM 
osQ rRokoèkku esa Åijh Lrjksa osQ lkFk 
,dhdj.k osQ ekè;e ls] lHkh eRL;ikyu 
58 ????? 2023
 
eRL;ikyu dh liQyrk dh dgkfu;ka
oqQN jkT; la?k eRL;ikyu osQ {ks=k esa mRÑ‘ dk;Z 
dj jgs gSa] tSls fd osQjy esa eRL;isQM] xqtjkr esa 
xqtjkr eRL;ikyu osQaæh; lgdkjh la?k (th,iQlhlh,)] 
vkSj if'pe caxky esa csufiQ'k] blosQ vykok egkjkԻ 
jkT; la?k] rfeyukMq jkT; la?k] ,eih jkT; la?k vkSj 
,ih LVsV isQMjs'kuA vU; jkT; la?k Hkh vPNh çxfr 
dj jgs gSaA buesa ls vfèkdka'k lgdkjh lfefr;ksa us 
mRiknu] foi.ku vkSj lnL;ksa dks lsok,a çnku djus esa 
mRÑ‘ çn'kZu fd;k gSA çkFkfed eRL;ikyu lgdkjh 
lfefr;ksa dk ekxZn'kZu djus osQ fy, ftyk&Lrjh; la?kksa 
osQ dkedkt ij è;ku osQafær djus vkSj mudh Hkwfedk dks vkSj vfèkd lfØ; :i ls ifjHkkf"kr djus dh vko';drk gSA
eRL;isQM & osQjy
1984 esa iathÑr ,d çxfr'khy jkT; Lrjh; la?k] la?k osQ ikl lnL;ksa osQ :i esa 668 çkFkfed eRL;ikyu lgdkjh 
lfefr;ka gSaA isQMjs'ku dk fiNys rhu o"kks± ls yxkrkj 300 djksM+ #i;s ls vfèkd dk oqQy dkjksckj gS vkSj ?kjsyw fcØh 
vkSj eNyh osQ fu;kZr esa Hkh mRÑ‘ çn'kZu fd;k gSA bldh osQjy jkT; esa eNyh dh •qnjk nqdkuksa dh ,d  Ük`a•yk gS 
vkSj bldk viuk tky cukus vkSj çlaLdj.k la;a=k gSA la?k us çf'k{k.k vkSj lkekftd lqj{kk mik;ksa osQ ekè;e ls çkFkfed 
eRL;ikyu lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dks l'kDr cukus esa lfØ; Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ gSA
xqtjkr fiQ'kjht lsaVªy dksvkWijsfVo ,lksfl,'ku (th,iQlhlh,)
1956 esa iathÑr] th,iQlhlh, lcls iqjkus jkT; la?kksa esa ls ,d gS] ftlesa 308 çkFkfed eRL;ikyu lgdkjh lfefr;ka 
lnL; gSaA isQMjs'ku dk o"kZ 2021&22 esa lokZfèkd 544-23 djksM+ #i;s dk dkjksckj gqvkA blosQ ikl fnYyh esa liQy 
eNyh •qnjk nqdkuksa osQ vykok e'khuhÑr eNyh idM+us okyh ukSdkvksa dks b±èku çnku djus osQ fy, Mhty vkmVysV~l 
dh ,d  Ük`a•yk gSA blus jkT; esa eRL;ikyu lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dks et+cwr fd;k gSA
lzksr% fiQ'kdkWiisQM
lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dh usVofd±x vkSj 
iquxZBu vko';d gSA
jkԻh; egkla?k dks et+cwr djuk
fiQ'kdkWiisQM us 1982&2020 
dh vofèk osQ nkSjku nq?kZVuk chek osQ 
ekè;e ls xjhc eNqvkjksa dks lkekftd 
lqj{kk çnku dh gSA os mfpr {kerk 
fuekZ.k osQ vykok tehuh Lrj ij 
;k ih,e,e,lokbZ vkSj lgdkfjrk 
osQ fl¼karksa osQ ckjs esa vkWuykbu 
tkx#drk fuekZ.k osQ ekè;e ls 
eNqvkjksa osQ fy, çf'k{k.k dk;ZØe 
vk;ksftr djus esa vxz.kh gSaA Hkkjr 
ljdkj osQ eRL;ikyu] i'kqikyu vkSj 
Ms;jh ea=kky; }kjk la?k dh igpku 
vafre dk;kZUo;u ,tsalh (bZvkbZ,) 
osQ :i esa dh xbZ gSA eRL;ikyu 
lgdkjh {ks=k osQ lrr fodkl osQ 
fy, la?k dks fofHkUu ;kstukvksa] 
tSls çf'k{k.k vkSj lkekftd&lqj{kk 
dk;ZØeksa osQ rgr bfDoVh leFkZu vkSj 
èku osQ lkFk i;kZIr :i ls et+cwr 
fd;k tkuk gSA eRL;ikyu lgdkjh 
{ks=k esa ,iQ,iQihvks osQ vk;kstu esa 
egkla?k vxz.kh Hkwfedk fuHkk ldrk gSA
ns'k esa eRL;ikyu lgdkjh çcaèku 
laLFkku LFkkfir djus dh vko';drk 
gSA Hkqous'oj esa dkSlY;kxaxk ns'k esa 
,d ekU;rkçkIr eRL;ikyu osQaæ gS] 
tgka fiQ'kdkWiisQM dk ,d çf'k{k.k 
osQaæ gS] ftls ekfRL;dh lgdkjh {ks=k 
esa dkS'ky fodkl osQ fy, ;kstukc¼ 
ysfdu pj.kc¼ rjhosQ ls {ks=kh; 
usVodZ osQ lkFk jkԻh; ekfRL;dh 
lgdkjh çcaèku laLFkku osQ :i esa 
mUur fd;k tk ldrk gSA
eRL; {ks=k osQ ekè;e ls Hkkjr 
dh vFkZO;oLFkk dks c<+kok 
nsus osQ fy,] eRL;ikyu] 
i'kqikyu vkSj Ms;jh ea=kky; 
}kjk 20]050 djksM+ #i;s osQ 
oqQy ifj;kstuk ifjO;; osQ 
lkFk çèkkuea=kh eRL; laink 
;kstuk (ih,e,e,lokbZ) 'kq: 
dh xbZ FkhA ljdkj us 2014 
esa uhyh Økafr dh Hkh 'kq#vkr 
dh] ftlls u osQoy eNyh 
mRiknu cfYd eRL;ikyu {ks=k 
esa baÚkLVªDpj osQ fodkl dks 
Hkh c<+kok feykA