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 Page 1


22 ????? 2024
^cqf)eÙkk  
ds lkFk 
dyk* ls 
^Ñf=ke 
esèkk* rd
tc ls fMftVy nqfu;k vfLrRo esa vkbZ gS] thou dk ,d Hkh igyw blls vNwrk 
ugha jgk gSA ,vkbZ ;kuh Ñf=ke esèkk vkSj tsujsfVo ,vkbZ ;kuh l`tukRed Ñf=ke esèkk 
tSls fMftVy ;qx osQ uokpkjksa us gekjs nSfud thou esa viuh mifLFkfr ntZ djkbZ 
gSA fMftVy çkS|ksfxfd;ksa osQ bl u, ;qx esa] de ç;kl vkSj vfèkd lkeF;Z osQ lkFk 
dykRed vfHkO;fDr vfèkd vkd"kZd vkSj uohu gks xbZ gSA
MkW euh"k deZokj
vkHkk"k ds lkSjo
fnYyh fo'ofo|ky; esa bfrgkl osQ lgk;d çksiQsljA bZesy% mkarmwar@as.du.ac.in
fnYyh fo'ofo|ky; esa lgk;d çksiQsljA bZesy% abhashkumarsaurav96@gmail.com
Page 2


22 ????? 2024
^cqf)eÙkk  
ds lkFk 
dyk* ls 
^Ñf=ke 
esèkk* rd
tc ls fMftVy nqfu;k vfLrRo esa vkbZ gS] thou dk ,d Hkh igyw blls vNwrk 
ugha jgk gSA ,vkbZ ;kuh Ñf=ke esèkk vkSj tsujsfVo ,vkbZ ;kuh l`tukRed Ñf=ke esèkk 
tSls fMftVy ;qx osQ uokpkjksa us gekjs nSfud thou esa viuh mifLFkfr ntZ djkbZ 
gSA fMftVy çkS|ksfxfd;ksa osQ bl u, ;qx esa] de ç;kl vkSj vfèkd lkeF;Z osQ lkFk 
dykRed vfHkO;fDr vfèkd vkd"kZd vkSj uohu gks xbZ gSA
MkW euh"k deZokj
vkHkk"k ds lkSjo
fnYyh fo'ofo|ky; esa bfrgkl osQ lgk;d çksiQsljA bZesy% mkarmwar@as.du.ac.in
fnYyh fo'ofo|ky; esa lgk;d çksiQsljA bZesy% abhashkumarsaurav96@gmail.com
23 ????? 2024
yk vkSj cqf¼ çkphu dky ls gh ,d& nwljs ls 
caèks gq, gSaA çkphu dky esa gekjs ikl ,vkbZ 
;kuh Ñf=ke esèkk ugha Fkh] ysfdu gekjs ikl 
mYys[kuh; cqf¼eÙkk okyh dyk dh çpqjrk FkhA çkjafHkd 
ekuo us viuh cqf¼ ls ,slh egRoiw.kZ dyk dk fodkl 
fd;k ftlesa iRFkj rFkk gkFkhnkar ls cuh dyk&d`fr;ka] feV~Vh 
osQ crZu] èkkrqdeZ] diM+k mRiknu] euosQ cukuk] dk"Vdyk 
rFkk mRdh.kZu] xkM+h cukuk] xqiQkvksa esa fp=kdkjh djuk vkfn 
'kkfey gSaA ;fn dksbZ çkS|ksfxdh dks ifjorZu osQ ekuoh; rjhosQ 
osQ :i esa ifjHkkf"kr djrk gS] rks gekjs ikl bldk çek.k Hkh 
gS] ;s gSa& nks fefy;u ls vfèkd o"kks± ls Hkkjrh; miegk}hi 
esa ekStwn iRFkj osQ vkStkjA Hkkjr esa 2600 vkSj 1900 bZlk iwoZ 
osQ chp gq, igys 'kgjhdj.k osQ nkSjku] gM+Iik lH;rk ,d 
egRoiw.kZ mnkgj.k osQ :i esa mHkjhA gM+Iik lH;rk esa cqf¼ 
osQ lkFk dyk osQ cgqr lkjs mnkgj.k gSaA gM+Iik lH;rk osQ 
yksx ubZ Ñf"k çkS|ksfxfd;ksa dk vkfo"dkj djus osQ fy, dkiQh 
mUur Fks] blfy, mUgksaus varjiQly dk vkfo"dkj fd;kA
blosQ vykok] mUgksaus ifg;s dk vkfo"dkj fd;k] ftlus 
vkèkqfud dky rd ekuo lH;rk dh enn dh gSA èkkrq foKku 
esa] mUgksaus v;Ld ls èkkrq fu"d"kZ.k osQ fy, ubZ rduhdksa dk 
vkfo"dkj fd;kA blosQ vykok] mUgksaus feJ èkkrq rduhd 
fodflr dh] ftlls mUgksaus èkkrq fVu osQ lkFk rkacs dks fefJr 
djuk vkSj dkaL; dk mRiknu djuk 'kq: fd;k FkkA gM+Iik 
osQ yksxksa }kjk fodflr dh xbZ egRoiw.kZ rduhdksa esa ls ,d 
^ykWLV oSDl* rduhd gSA bl rduhd dh enn ls mUgksaus 
ewfrZ;ka cukb±] tks dyk vkSj laLÑfr osQ {ks=k esa ,d ehy dk 
iRFkj FkhaA
vkt osQ fMftVy ;qx esa gkykafd ge okLrqf'kYi uokpkj 
esa csgrj ifj.kkeksa osQ fy, ,vkbZ dk mi;ksx djrs gSaA gM+Iik 
osQ yksxksa us ty fudklh ç.kkyh tSls lHkh vkèkqfud igyqvksa 
osQ lkFk mUur fxzM&vkèkkfjr uxj fu;kstu fodflr fd;kA 
mUgksaus vfèkd etcwr nhokjsa cukus osQ fy, vuqikfrd :i ls 
b±Vksa dk mi;ksx fd;kA
gM+Iik dky osQ ckn nwljk 'kgjhdj.k xaxk ?kkVh esa 
gqvkA bl nwljs 'kgjhdj.k dky esa] yksgs ij vkèkkfjr dqN 
mYys[kuh; rduhdh uokpkj gq,A fnYyh ykSg LraHk] tks 1500 
o"kZ iqjkuk gS] Ng Vu x<+k gqvk yksgk ls cuk gS vkSj yksgs esa 
iQkWLiQksjl dk mi;ksx gqvk gSA bl izdkj ;g cqf¼ osQ lkFk 
dyk dk vkSj lkFk gh mUur rduhd dk Hkh lPpk mnkgj.k 
gSA ;g ykSg LraHk vius tax çfrjksèkh xq.kksa osQ fy, çfl¼ gSA 
bldh fof'k"Vrk osQ dkj.k dks vc le>k tkus yxk gSA blh 
rduhd dk mi;ksx vksfM'kk osQ txUukFk iqjh osQ eafnjksa esa Hkh 
fd;k x;k gSA blosQ vykok] eè;dky esa] ;fn ge dyk dks 
cqf¼eÙkk osQ lkFk ns[ksa] rks gekjs ikl fdys tSls dbZ mnkgj.k 
gSa] tks viuh fof'k"Vrk esa vf}rh; gSaA
dyk vkSj laLÑfr leqnk;ksa osQ fo'okl] ewY;ksa] vkSj 
ijaijkvksa dks n'kkZrs gq, igpku dh vfHkO;fDr osQ :i esa dk;Z 
djrh gSaA laxhr] u`R;] lkfgR; vkSj n`'; dyk tSls dyk :iksa 
osQ ekè;e ls] O;fDr vkSj leqnk; viuh fof'k"V igpku vkSj 
fojklr dks O;Dr djrs gSaA dyk fopkj dks çsfjr dj ldrh 
gS] ekunaMksa dks pqukSrh ns ldrh gS vkSj dkjZokbZ dks çsfjr 
dj ldrh gSA jpukRed vfHkO;fDr osQ ekè;e ls] dykdkj 
lkekftd eqíksa dks lacksfèkr djrs gSa] U;k; dh odkyr djrs 
gSa vkSj ldkjkRed lkekftd ifjorZu dks c<+kok nsrs gSaA 
lkaLÑfrd xfrfofèk;ksa us ,sfrgkfld :i ls lkekftd vkSj 
jktuhfrd ifjorZu ykus esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ gSA
fMftVy çkS|ksfxdh osQ mn; us fMftVy isafVax] xzkfiQd 
fMtkbu] ,uhes'ku vkSj baVjSfDVo ehfM;k tSls u, dyk :iksa 
dks tUe fn;k gSA dykdkj vk'p;Ztud n`'; dykÑfr;ka 
cukus osQ fy, VScysV] lkWÝVos;j çksxzke vkSj fMftVy dSejs 
tSls fMftVy midj.kksa dk mi;ksx djrs gSa ftUgsa ikjaifjd 
rjhdksa ls gkfly djuk igys vlaHko ;k dfBu FkkA dksfoM&19 
egkekjh us dyk vkSj laLÑfr {ks=k dks fiQj ls u;k :i fn;k 
ftlls ,vkbZ tSls midj.k T+;knk izpyu esa vk, gSA vkt] 
ge vkHkklh dyk laxzgky;ksa] çn'kZfu;ksa] vkHkklh laj{kdksa] 
fFk,Vjksa vkSj cgqr dqN dk rsth ls mn~Hko ns[k jgs gSaA egkekjh 
us lkaLÑfrd laLFkkuksa vkSj dk;ZØeksa osQ fy, vkHkklh çk:iksa 
dks O;kid :i ls viukus osQ fy, mRçsjd osQ :i esa dke 
fd;kA ;g pqukSrhiw.kZ le; dyk laLFkkuksa osQ fy, fMftVy 
d
Page 3


22 ????? 2024
^cqf)eÙkk  
ds lkFk 
dyk* ls 
^Ñf=ke 
esèkk* rd
tc ls fMftVy nqfu;k vfLrRo esa vkbZ gS] thou dk ,d Hkh igyw blls vNwrk 
ugha jgk gSA ,vkbZ ;kuh Ñf=ke esèkk vkSj tsujsfVo ,vkbZ ;kuh l`tukRed Ñf=ke esèkk 
tSls fMftVy ;qx osQ uokpkjksa us gekjs nSfud thou esa viuh mifLFkfr ntZ djkbZ 
gSA fMftVy çkS|ksfxfd;ksa osQ bl u, ;qx esa] de ç;kl vkSj vfèkd lkeF;Z osQ lkFk 
dykRed vfHkO;fDr vfèkd vkd"kZd vkSj uohu gks xbZ gSA
MkW euh"k deZokj
vkHkk"k ds lkSjo
fnYyh fo'ofo|ky; esa bfrgkl osQ lgk;d çksiQsljA bZesy% mkarmwar@as.du.ac.in
fnYyh fo'ofo|ky; esa lgk;d çksiQsljA bZesy% abhashkumarsaurav96@gmail.com
23 ????? 2024
yk vkSj cqf¼ çkphu dky ls gh ,d& nwljs ls 
caèks gq, gSaA çkphu dky esa gekjs ikl ,vkbZ 
;kuh Ñf=ke esèkk ugha Fkh] ysfdu gekjs ikl 
mYys[kuh; cqf¼eÙkk okyh dyk dh çpqjrk FkhA çkjafHkd 
ekuo us viuh cqf¼ ls ,slh egRoiw.kZ dyk dk fodkl 
fd;k ftlesa iRFkj rFkk gkFkhnkar ls cuh dyk&d`fr;ka] feV~Vh 
osQ crZu] èkkrqdeZ] diM+k mRiknu] euosQ cukuk] dk"Vdyk 
rFkk mRdh.kZu] xkM+h cukuk] xqiQkvksa esa fp=kdkjh djuk vkfn 
'kkfey gSaA ;fn dksbZ çkS|ksfxdh dks ifjorZu osQ ekuoh; rjhosQ 
osQ :i esa ifjHkkf"kr djrk gS] rks gekjs ikl bldk çek.k Hkh 
gS] ;s gSa& nks fefy;u ls vfèkd o"kks± ls Hkkjrh; miegk}hi 
esa ekStwn iRFkj osQ vkStkjA Hkkjr esa 2600 vkSj 1900 bZlk iwoZ 
osQ chp gq, igys 'kgjhdj.k osQ nkSjku] gM+Iik lH;rk ,d 
egRoiw.kZ mnkgj.k osQ :i esa mHkjhA gM+Iik lH;rk esa cqf¼ 
osQ lkFk dyk osQ cgqr lkjs mnkgj.k gSaA gM+Iik lH;rk osQ 
yksx ubZ Ñf"k çkS|ksfxfd;ksa dk vkfo"dkj djus osQ fy, dkiQh 
mUur Fks] blfy, mUgksaus varjiQly dk vkfo"dkj fd;kA
blosQ vykok] mUgksaus ifg;s dk vkfo"dkj fd;k] ftlus 
vkèkqfud dky rd ekuo lH;rk dh enn dh gSA èkkrq foKku 
esa] mUgksaus v;Ld ls èkkrq fu"d"kZ.k osQ fy, ubZ rduhdksa dk 
vkfo"dkj fd;kA blosQ vykok] mUgksaus feJ èkkrq rduhd 
fodflr dh] ftlls mUgksaus èkkrq fVu osQ lkFk rkacs dks fefJr 
djuk vkSj dkaL; dk mRiknu djuk 'kq: fd;k FkkA gM+Iik 
osQ yksxksa }kjk fodflr dh xbZ egRoiw.kZ rduhdksa esa ls ,d 
^ykWLV oSDl* rduhd gSA bl rduhd dh enn ls mUgksaus 
ewfrZ;ka cukb±] tks dyk vkSj laLÑfr osQ {ks=k esa ,d ehy dk 
iRFkj FkhaA
vkt osQ fMftVy ;qx esa gkykafd ge okLrqf'kYi uokpkj 
esa csgrj ifj.kkeksa osQ fy, ,vkbZ dk mi;ksx djrs gSaA gM+Iik 
osQ yksxksa us ty fudklh ç.kkyh tSls lHkh vkèkqfud igyqvksa 
osQ lkFk mUur fxzM&vkèkkfjr uxj fu;kstu fodflr fd;kA 
mUgksaus vfèkd etcwr nhokjsa cukus osQ fy, vuqikfrd :i ls 
b±Vksa dk mi;ksx fd;kA
gM+Iik dky osQ ckn nwljk 'kgjhdj.k xaxk ?kkVh esa 
gqvkA bl nwljs 'kgjhdj.k dky esa] yksgs ij vkèkkfjr dqN 
mYys[kuh; rduhdh uokpkj gq,A fnYyh ykSg LraHk] tks 1500 
o"kZ iqjkuk gS] Ng Vu x<+k gqvk yksgk ls cuk gS vkSj yksgs esa 
iQkWLiQksjl dk mi;ksx gqvk gSA bl izdkj ;g cqf¼ osQ lkFk 
dyk dk vkSj lkFk gh mUur rduhd dk Hkh lPpk mnkgj.k 
gSA ;g ykSg LraHk vius tax çfrjksèkh xq.kksa osQ fy, çfl¼ gSA 
bldh fof'k"Vrk osQ dkj.k dks vc le>k tkus yxk gSA blh 
rduhd dk mi;ksx vksfM'kk osQ txUukFk iqjh osQ eafnjksa esa Hkh 
fd;k x;k gSA blosQ vykok] eè;dky esa] ;fn ge dyk dks 
cqf¼eÙkk osQ lkFk ns[ksa] rks gekjs ikl fdys tSls dbZ mnkgj.k 
gSa] tks viuh fof'k"Vrk esa vf}rh; gSaA
dyk vkSj laLÑfr leqnk;ksa osQ fo'okl] ewY;ksa] vkSj 
ijaijkvksa dks n'kkZrs gq, igpku dh vfHkO;fDr osQ :i esa dk;Z 
djrh gSaA laxhr] u`R;] lkfgR; vkSj n`'; dyk tSls dyk :iksa 
osQ ekè;e ls] O;fDr vkSj leqnk; viuh fof'k"V igpku vkSj 
fojklr dks O;Dr djrs gSaA dyk fopkj dks çsfjr dj ldrh 
gS] ekunaMksa dks pqukSrh ns ldrh gS vkSj dkjZokbZ dks çsfjr 
dj ldrh gSA jpukRed vfHkO;fDr osQ ekè;e ls] dykdkj 
lkekftd eqíksa dks lacksfèkr djrs gSa] U;k; dh odkyr djrs 
gSa vkSj ldkjkRed lkekftd ifjorZu dks c<+kok nsrs gSaA 
lkaLÑfrd xfrfofèk;ksa us ,sfrgkfld :i ls lkekftd vkSj 
jktuhfrd ifjorZu ykus esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ gSA
fMftVy çkS|ksfxdh osQ mn; us fMftVy isafVax] xzkfiQd 
fMtkbu] ,uhes'ku vkSj baVjSfDVo ehfM;k tSls u, dyk :iksa 
dks tUe fn;k gSA dykdkj vk'p;Ztud n`'; dykÑfr;ka 
cukus osQ fy, VScysV] lkWÝVos;j çksxzke vkSj fMftVy dSejs 
tSls fMftVy midj.kksa dk mi;ksx djrs gSa ftUgsa ikjaifjd 
rjhdksa ls gkfly djuk igys vlaHko ;k dfBu FkkA dksfoM&19 
egkekjh us dyk vkSj laLÑfr {ks=k dks fiQj ls u;k :i fn;k 
ftlls ,vkbZ tSls midj.k T+;knk izpyu esa vk, gSA vkt] 
ge vkHkklh dyk laxzgky;ksa] çn'kZfu;ksa] vkHkklh laj{kdksa] 
fFk,Vjksa vkSj cgqr dqN dk rsth ls mn~Hko ns[k jgs gSaA egkekjh 
us lkaLÑfrd laLFkkuksa vkSj dk;ZØeksa osQ fy, vkHkklh çk:iksa 
dks O;kid :i ls viukus osQ fy, mRçsjd osQ :i esa dke 
fd;kA ;g pqukSrhiw.kZ le; dyk laLFkkuksa osQ fy, fMftVy 
d
24 ????? 2024
izkS|ksfxdh osQ fodkl esa ,d egRoiw.kZ eksM+ lkfcr gqvk gSA
osclkbVsa] lks'ky ehfM;k IysViQkWeZ] vkWuykbu xSyjh vkSj 
fMftVy vkVZ ekosQZVIysl dykdkjksa dks O;kid n'kZdksa rd 
igqapus] lkFkh jpukdkjksa ls tqM+us vkSj ;gka rd fd viuh 
dykÑfr lhèks laxzkgdksa dks cspus dh lqfoèkk iznku djrs gSaA 
blus gesa fMftVy laj{k.k dk egRo fn[kk;kA fMftVy laj{k.k 
rduhosaQ] tSls fMftVhdj.k] esVkMkVk çcaèku vkSj fMftVy 
laxzg] Hkfo"; dh ihf<+;ksa osQ fy, fMftVy dykÑfr;ksa 
osQ nh?kZdkfyd laj{k.k vkSj igqap lqfuf'pr djus osQ fy, 
vko';d gSaA
fMftVy ;qx dykdkjksa vkSj dyk çsfe;ksa osQ fy, ;|fi 
dbZ volj ysdj vk;k gS] ysfdu ;g dbZ pqukSfr;ka Hkh 
çLrqr djrk gSA fMftVy dyk fuekZ.k osQ fy, fMftVy Vwy 
vkSj lkWÝVos;j esa n{krk dh vko';drk gksrh gS] tks çf'k{k.k 
;k lalkèkuksa dh deh osQ dkj.k dykdkjksa osQ fy, esa ckèkk 
mRiUu dj ldrh gSA fMftVy dyk osQ vkWuykbu çlkj 
ls dykÑfr;ksa dh xq.koÙkk vkSj çkekf.kdrk dks igpkuuk 
eqf'dy gks tkrk gS] ftlls fo'okl vkSj fo'oluh;rk osQ 
eqís iSnk gksrs gSaA tSls&tSls fMftVy gsjiQsj rduhosaQ rsth 
ls ifj"Ñr gksrh tk jgh gSa] ewy dykÑfr;ksa vkSj fMftVy 
tkylkth ;k çfrÑfr;ksa osQ chp varj djuk vfèkd pqukSrhiw.kZ 
gksrk tk jgk gSA çkFkfed fparkvksa esa ls ,d MkVk xksiuh;rk 
gS_ O;fDrxr tkudkjh ,d=k djuk vkSj laxzghr djuk] foÙkh; 
ysunsu djuk vkSj jpukRed lkexzh dks vkWuykbu lk>k djuk 
varfuZfgr tksf[ke j[krk gS ftlosQ fy, etcwr lkbcj lqj{kk 
mik;ksa vkSj MkVk lqj{kk çksVksdkWy dh vko';drk gksrh gSA
dqy feykdj] fMftVy ;qx us dyk dh nqfu;k dks xgjkbZ 
ls cny fn;k gS] ftlls jpukRedrk] lg;ksx vkSj uohurk osQ 
u, jkLrs [kqy x, gSaA tSls&tSls çkS|ksfxdh dk fodkl tkjh 
gS] fMftVy dyk dh laHkkouk,a vlhfer gSa] tks dyk osQ ckjs 
esa gekjh le> vkSj lekt esa blosQ LFkku dks u;k vkdkj 
nsus dk oknk djrh gSA
fMftVy dyk] ikjaifjd dyk dh rjg] fiDlsy ls cuh 
gksrh gSA fiNys 50 o"kks± esa] tSls&tSls daI;wVj çkS|ksfxdh mUur 
gqbZ gS] oSls&oSls dyk Hkh mUur gqbZ gSA baVjusV çkS|ksfxdh osQ 
mn; us oSf'od dyk xfrfofèk;ksa dks c<+us osQ fy, çsfjr 
fd;k gSA tc ge lekt osQ lkekftd] lkaLÑfrd vkSj 
vkfFkZd ewY;ksa dks ns[krs gSa] rks ge ikrs gSa fd dyk vkSj 
fMftVy çkS|ksfxdh osQ la;kstu us dyk osQ ,d u, iquthZfor 
:i dk fuekZ.k fd;k gS ftls ^fMftVy dyk* osQ :i esa 
tkuk tkrk gSA le; osQ lkFk dyk dh ifjHkk"kk cny xbZ 
gS( ;g vc osQoy isafVax] fp=k vkSj ewfrZ;ksa rd lhfer ugha 
gSA dyk esa vc daI;wVj&tfur Nfo;ka vkSj fMtkbu 'kkfey 
gSa] tks dyk osQ vFkZ dk foLrkj djrs gSaA fMftVy dyk us 
u osQoy isafVax] xzkfiQd fMtkbu] baLVkWys'ku vkSj ,uhes'ku 
dks cny fn;k gS cfYd dfork] laxhr vkSj ewfrZdyk dks 
Hkh u, n`f"Vdks.k fn, gSaA vkèkqfud lkWÝVos;j esa çxfr vkSj 
rst daI;wVj çkslslj us dyk dks cgqr vkxs c<+k;k gSA ;g 
çxfr ledkyhu fMftVy dyk esa ubZ dykRed voèkkj.kkvksa 
osQ fodkl esa ifjyf{kr gksrh gSA ;g dbZ ikjaifjd dyk 
:iksa dh iqudZYiuk djrk gS vkSj fMftVy dyk dh oSf'od 
Hkk"kk osQ foLrkj esa ;ksxnku nsrk gSA vkt dyk txr esa dbZ 
ifj;kstukvksa dk y{; Hkfo"; osQ fy, u, :iksa dh [kkst 
djuk gSA gkykafd ;g dguk eqf'dy gS fd fMftVy rduhd 
Page 4


22 ????? 2024
^cqf)eÙkk  
ds lkFk 
dyk* ls 
^Ñf=ke 
esèkk* rd
tc ls fMftVy nqfu;k vfLrRo esa vkbZ gS] thou dk ,d Hkh igyw blls vNwrk 
ugha jgk gSA ,vkbZ ;kuh Ñf=ke esèkk vkSj tsujsfVo ,vkbZ ;kuh l`tukRed Ñf=ke esèkk 
tSls fMftVy ;qx osQ uokpkjksa us gekjs nSfud thou esa viuh mifLFkfr ntZ djkbZ 
gSA fMftVy çkS|ksfxfd;ksa osQ bl u, ;qx esa] de ç;kl vkSj vfèkd lkeF;Z osQ lkFk 
dykRed vfHkO;fDr vfèkd vkd"kZd vkSj uohu gks xbZ gSA
MkW euh"k deZokj
vkHkk"k ds lkSjo
fnYyh fo'ofo|ky; esa bfrgkl osQ lgk;d çksiQsljA bZesy% mkarmwar@as.du.ac.in
fnYyh fo'ofo|ky; esa lgk;d çksiQsljA bZesy% abhashkumarsaurav96@gmail.com
23 ????? 2024
yk vkSj cqf¼ çkphu dky ls gh ,d& nwljs ls 
caèks gq, gSaA çkphu dky esa gekjs ikl ,vkbZ 
;kuh Ñf=ke esèkk ugha Fkh] ysfdu gekjs ikl 
mYys[kuh; cqf¼eÙkk okyh dyk dh çpqjrk FkhA çkjafHkd 
ekuo us viuh cqf¼ ls ,slh egRoiw.kZ dyk dk fodkl 
fd;k ftlesa iRFkj rFkk gkFkhnkar ls cuh dyk&d`fr;ka] feV~Vh 
osQ crZu] èkkrqdeZ] diM+k mRiknu] euosQ cukuk] dk"Vdyk 
rFkk mRdh.kZu] xkM+h cukuk] xqiQkvksa esa fp=kdkjh djuk vkfn 
'kkfey gSaA ;fn dksbZ çkS|ksfxdh dks ifjorZu osQ ekuoh; rjhosQ 
osQ :i esa ifjHkkf"kr djrk gS] rks gekjs ikl bldk çek.k Hkh 
gS] ;s gSa& nks fefy;u ls vfèkd o"kks± ls Hkkjrh; miegk}hi 
esa ekStwn iRFkj osQ vkStkjA Hkkjr esa 2600 vkSj 1900 bZlk iwoZ 
osQ chp gq, igys 'kgjhdj.k osQ nkSjku] gM+Iik lH;rk ,d 
egRoiw.kZ mnkgj.k osQ :i esa mHkjhA gM+Iik lH;rk esa cqf¼ 
osQ lkFk dyk osQ cgqr lkjs mnkgj.k gSaA gM+Iik lH;rk osQ 
yksx ubZ Ñf"k çkS|ksfxfd;ksa dk vkfo"dkj djus osQ fy, dkiQh 
mUur Fks] blfy, mUgksaus varjiQly dk vkfo"dkj fd;kA
blosQ vykok] mUgksaus ifg;s dk vkfo"dkj fd;k] ftlus 
vkèkqfud dky rd ekuo lH;rk dh enn dh gSA èkkrq foKku 
esa] mUgksaus v;Ld ls èkkrq fu"d"kZ.k osQ fy, ubZ rduhdksa dk 
vkfo"dkj fd;kA blosQ vykok] mUgksaus feJ èkkrq rduhd 
fodflr dh] ftlls mUgksaus èkkrq fVu osQ lkFk rkacs dks fefJr 
djuk vkSj dkaL; dk mRiknu djuk 'kq: fd;k FkkA gM+Iik 
osQ yksxksa }kjk fodflr dh xbZ egRoiw.kZ rduhdksa esa ls ,d 
^ykWLV oSDl* rduhd gSA bl rduhd dh enn ls mUgksaus 
ewfrZ;ka cukb±] tks dyk vkSj laLÑfr osQ {ks=k esa ,d ehy dk 
iRFkj FkhaA
vkt osQ fMftVy ;qx esa gkykafd ge okLrqf'kYi uokpkj 
esa csgrj ifj.kkeksa osQ fy, ,vkbZ dk mi;ksx djrs gSaA gM+Iik 
osQ yksxksa us ty fudklh ç.kkyh tSls lHkh vkèkqfud igyqvksa 
osQ lkFk mUur fxzM&vkèkkfjr uxj fu;kstu fodflr fd;kA 
mUgksaus vfèkd etcwr nhokjsa cukus osQ fy, vuqikfrd :i ls 
b±Vksa dk mi;ksx fd;kA
gM+Iik dky osQ ckn nwljk 'kgjhdj.k xaxk ?kkVh esa 
gqvkA bl nwljs 'kgjhdj.k dky esa] yksgs ij vkèkkfjr dqN 
mYys[kuh; rduhdh uokpkj gq,A fnYyh ykSg LraHk] tks 1500 
o"kZ iqjkuk gS] Ng Vu x<+k gqvk yksgk ls cuk gS vkSj yksgs esa 
iQkWLiQksjl dk mi;ksx gqvk gSA bl izdkj ;g cqf¼ osQ lkFk 
dyk dk vkSj lkFk gh mUur rduhd dk Hkh lPpk mnkgj.k 
gSA ;g ykSg LraHk vius tax çfrjksèkh xq.kksa osQ fy, çfl¼ gSA 
bldh fof'k"Vrk osQ dkj.k dks vc le>k tkus yxk gSA blh 
rduhd dk mi;ksx vksfM'kk osQ txUukFk iqjh osQ eafnjksa esa Hkh 
fd;k x;k gSA blosQ vykok] eè;dky esa] ;fn ge dyk dks 
cqf¼eÙkk osQ lkFk ns[ksa] rks gekjs ikl fdys tSls dbZ mnkgj.k 
gSa] tks viuh fof'k"Vrk esa vf}rh; gSaA
dyk vkSj laLÑfr leqnk;ksa osQ fo'okl] ewY;ksa] vkSj 
ijaijkvksa dks n'kkZrs gq, igpku dh vfHkO;fDr osQ :i esa dk;Z 
djrh gSaA laxhr] u`R;] lkfgR; vkSj n`'; dyk tSls dyk :iksa 
osQ ekè;e ls] O;fDr vkSj leqnk; viuh fof'k"V igpku vkSj 
fojklr dks O;Dr djrs gSaA dyk fopkj dks çsfjr dj ldrh 
gS] ekunaMksa dks pqukSrh ns ldrh gS vkSj dkjZokbZ dks çsfjr 
dj ldrh gSA jpukRed vfHkO;fDr osQ ekè;e ls] dykdkj 
lkekftd eqíksa dks lacksfèkr djrs gSa] U;k; dh odkyr djrs 
gSa vkSj ldkjkRed lkekftd ifjorZu dks c<+kok nsrs gSaA 
lkaLÑfrd xfrfofèk;ksa us ,sfrgkfld :i ls lkekftd vkSj 
jktuhfrd ifjorZu ykus esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ gSA
fMftVy çkS|ksfxdh osQ mn; us fMftVy isafVax] xzkfiQd 
fMtkbu] ,uhes'ku vkSj baVjSfDVo ehfM;k tSls u, dyk :iksa 
dks tUe fn;k gSA dykdkj vk'p;Ztud n`'; dykÑfr;ka 
cukus osQ fy, VScysV] lkWÝVos;j çksxzke vkSj fMftVy dSejs 
tSls fMftVy midj.kksa dk mi;ksx djrs gSa ftUgsa ikjaifjd 
rjhdksa ls gkfly djuk igys vlaHko ;k dfBu FkkA dksfoM&19 
egkekjh us dyk vkSj laLÑfr {ks=k dks fiQj ls u;k :i fn;k 
ftlls ,vkbZ tSls midj.k T+;knk izpyu esa vk, gSA vkt] 
ge vkHkklh dyk laxzgky;ksa] çn'kZfu;ksa] vkHkklh laj{kdksa] 
fFk,Vjksa vkSj cgqr dqN dk rsth ls mn~Hko ns[k jgs gSaA egkekjh 
us lkaLÑfrd laLFkkuksa vkSj dk;ZØeksa osQ fy, vkHkklh çk:iksa 
dks O;kid :i ls viukus osQ fy, mRçsjd osQ :i esa dke 
fd;kA ;g pqukSrhiw.kZ le; dyk laLFkkuksa osQ fy, fMftVy 
d
24 ????? 2024
izkS|ksfxdh osQ fodkl esa ,d egRoiw.kZ eksM+ lkfcr gqvk gSA
osclkbVsa] lks'ky ehfM;k IysViQkWeZ] vkWuykbu xSyjh vkSj 
fMftVy vkVZ ekosQZVIysl dykdkjksa dks O;kid n'kZdksa rd 
igqapus] lkFkh jpukdkjksa ls tqM+us vkSj ;gka rd fd viuh 
dykÑfr lhèks laxzkgdksa dks cspus dh lqfoèkk iznku djrs gSaA 
blus gesa fMftVy laj{k.k dk egRo fn[kk;kA fMftVy laj{k.k 
rduhosaQ] tSls fMftVhdj.k] esVkMkVk çcaèku vkSj fMftVy 
laxzg] Hkfo"; dh ihf<+;ksa osQ fy, fMftVy dykÑfr;ksa 
osQ nh?kZdkfyd laj{k.k vkSj igqap lqfuf'pr djus osQ fy, 
vko';d gSaA
fMftVy ;qx dykdkjksa vkSj dyk çsfe;ksa osQ fy, ;|fi 
dbZ volj ysdj vk;k gS] ysfdu ;g dbZ pqukSfr;ka Hkh 
çLrqr djrk gSA fMftVy dyk fuekZ.k osQ fy, fMftVy Vwy 
vkSj lkWÝVos;j esa n{krk dh vko';drk gksrh gS] tks çf'k{k.k 
;k lalkèkuksa dh deh osQ dkj.k dykdkjksa osQ fy, esa ckèkk 
mRiUu dj ldrh gSA fMftVy dyk osQ vkWuykbu çlkj 
ls dykÑfr;ksa dh xq.koÙkk vkSj çkekf.kdrk dks igpkuuk 
eqf'dy gks tkrk gS] ftlls fo'okl vkSj fo'oluh;rk osQ 
eqís iSnk gksrs gSaA tSls&tSls fMftVy gsjiQsj rduhosaQ rsth 
ls ifj"Ñr gksrh tk jgh gSa] ewy dykÑfr;ksa vkSj fMftVy 
tkylkth ;k çfrÑfr;ksa osQ chp varj djuk vfèkd pqukSrhiw.kZ 
gksrk tk jgk gSA çkFkfed fparkvksa esa ls ,d MkVk xksiuh;rk 
gS_ O;fDrxr tkudkjh ,d=k djuk vkSj laxzghr djuk] foÙkh; 
ysunsu djuk vkSj jpukRed lkexzh dks vkWuykbu lk>k djuk 
varfuZfgr tksf[ke j[krk gS ftlosQ fy, etcwr lkbcj lqj{kk 
mik;ksa vkSj MkVk lqj{kk çksVksdkWy dh vko';drk gksrh gSA
dqy feykdj] fMftVy ;qx us dyk dh nqfu;k dks xgjkbZ 
ls cny fn;k gS] ftlls jpukRedrk] lg;ksx vkSj uohurk osQ 
u, jkLrs [kqy x, gSaA tSls&tSls çkS|ksfxdh dk fodkl tkjh 
gS] fMftVy dyk dh laHkkouk,a vlhfer gSa] tks dyk osQ ckjs 
esa gekjh le> vkSj lekt esa blosQ LFkku dks u;k vkdkj 
nsus dk oknk djrh gSA
fMftVy dyk] ikjaifjd dyk dh rjg] fiDlsy ls cuh 
gksrh gSA fiNys 50 o"kks± esa] tSls&tSls daI;wVj çkS|ksfxdh mUur 
gqbZ gS] oSls&oSls dyk Hkh mUur gqbZ gSA baVjusV çkS|ksfxdh osQ 
mn; us oSf'od dyk xfrfofèk;ksa dks c<+us osQ fy, çsfjr 
fd;k gSA tc ge lekt osQ lkekftd] lkaLÑfrd vkSj 
vkfFkZd ewY;ksa dks ns[krs gSa] rks ge ikrs gSa fd dyk vkSj 
fMftVy çkS|ksfxdh osQ la;kstu us dyk osQ ,d u, iquthZfor 
:i dk fuekZ.k fd;k gS ftls ^fMftVy dyk* osQ :i esa 
tkuk tkrk gSA le; osQ lkFk dyk dh ifjHkk"kk cny xbZ 
gS( ;g vc osQoy isafVax] fp=k vkSj ewfrZ;ksa rd lhfer ugha 
gSA dyk esa vc daI;wVj&tfur Nfo;ka vkSj fMtkbu 'kkfey 
gSa] tks dyk osQ vFkZ dk foLrkj djrs gSaA fMftVy dyk us 
u osQoy isafVax] xzkfiQd fMtkbu] baLVkWys'ku vkSj ,uhes'ku 
dks cny fn;k gS cfYd dfork] laxhr vkSj ewfrZdyk dks 
Hkh u, n`f"Vdks.k fn, gSaA vkèkqfud lkWÝVos;j esa çxfr vkSj 
rst daI;wVj çkslslj us dyk dks cgqr vkxs c<+k;k gSA ;g 
çxfr ledkyhu fMftVy dyk esa ubZ dykRed voèkkj.kkvksa 
osQ fodkl esa ifjyf{kr gksrh gSA ;g dbZ ikjaifjd dyk 
:iksa dh iqudZYiuk djrk gS vkSj fMftVy dyk dh oSf'od 
Hkk"kk osQ foLrkj esa ;ksxnku nsrk gSA vkt dyk txr esa dbZ 
ifj;kstukvksa dk y{; Hkfo"; osQ fy, u, :iksa dh [kkst 
djuk gSA gkykafd ;g dguk eqf'dy gS fd fMftVy rduhd 
25 ????? 2024
thou osQ fofHkUu igyqvksa dks dSls idM+rh gS] ysfdu bldk 
çHkko fufoZokn gSA vkèkqfud le; esa fMftVy çkS|ksfxfd;ksa 
dk mi;ksx fuEufyf[kr dyk :iksa esa ns[kk tk ldrk gS%
n`'; dyk
;g dyk :i ewrZ gS] vFkkZr bls Nwdj eglwl fd;k tk 
ldrk gSA ;s dyk :i vkerkSj ij ,d dykdkj }kjk fufeZr 
Bksl :i gksrs gSa A flusek n`'; dYiuk fp=k.k dk mRÑ"V 
mnkgj.k gSA bl fMftVy ;qx esa] ge de ç;kl vkSj U;wure 
ctV esa vius lkaLÑfrd LFkkuksa] lkaLÑfrd iks'kkdksa vkfn 
dh n`'; dYiuk cukus osQ fy, ubZ rduhdksa dk mi;ksx dj 
ldrs gSaA vkt ubZ rduhd dh enn ls dksbZ Hkh fdlh Hkh 
pht dks mruk gh fpf=kr dj ldrk gS ftruk og dYiuk 
dj ldrk gSA blfy,] vkt gekjs ikl viuh dyk rFkk 
laLÑfr] fo'ks"kdj flusek esa bl u, fMftVy uokpkj dk 
leFkZu djus vkSj mi;ksx djus dk ,d etcwr dkj.k gSA 
gkykafd] nwljh vksj] gesa bl ckr ls Hkh voxr gksuk pkfg, 
fd dqN çkS|ksfxfd;ka vuqfpr mi;ksfxrk Hkh fn[kkrh gSa] tSls 
udyh ;k fo:fir ohfM;ks vkfnA
fp=kdkjh
ge eslksfyfFkd jkWd xqiQk fp=kksa ls ysdj iqutkZxj.k fp=kksa 
rd çkS|ksfxdh dk dksbZ mi;ksx ugha ns[krs gSaA ysfdu vkt 
dk dyk :i vR;fèkd fMftVhÑr gS] tgka ,d dykdkj 
gkMZos;j vkSj lkWÝVos;j dk mi;ksx djosQ dksbZ Hkh isafVax 
cukrk gSA ;s isafVaXl dbZ rjg osQ fMtkbu tSls Tosyjh fMtkbu 
vkSj iQS'ku fMtkbu esa ennxkj gksrh gSaA vkt] yksxksa us 
vDlj vewrZ isafVax osQ çfr #fp fodflr dj yh gS] tgka 
fMftVhdj.k dk vR;fèkd mi;ksx vkSj egRo gSA dksbZ Hkh 
fMftVy :i ls dbZ dykRed vewrZ isafVax cuk ldrk gS vkSj 
mUgsa fdlh Hkh vkVZ xSyjh esa ns[k ldrk gSA
ewfrZ
çkphu dky ls] yksx dyk osQ bl :i dks cukus osQ 
fy, feV~Vh ;k feV~Vh osQ fdlh Hkh :i dk mi;ksx djrs 
jgs gSa] ysfdu vkt dh fMftVy nqfu;k esa fMftVy ewfrZ;ka 
cukus osQ fy, 3Mh rduhdksa dk mi;ksx fd;k tk jgk gSA 
bls ewfrZdyk dh fMftVy Nki Hkh dgk tk ldrk gS] tks 
izktsD'ku VsDukykWth ij vkèkkfjr gS] ftlesa fdlh ekuo ;k 
oLrq dh vkÑfr cukus osQ fy, jks'kuh dks lrg ij ç{ksfir 
fd;k tkrk gS tks dHkh&dHkh cgqr okLrfod vkSj ltho 
yxrh gSA tc fdlh fo'kky ewfrZ dks Hkkxksa esa cuk;k tkrk gS 
rks Bksl ewfrZ cukus esa Hkh çkS|ksfxdh dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gS 
vkSj lVhd vkdkj cukus osQ fy, çkS|ksfxdh] fo'ks"k :i ls 
ystj eSfiax dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
okLrqdyk
okLrqdyk vkerkSj ij fo'kky 
Lekjdksa vkSj bekjrksa dks cukus dh dyk 
gS] ysfdu bl dyk dks çcafèkr djus 
osQ fy, vUos"k.k ls ysdj mR[kuu 
rd fMftVy rduhd dh vR;fèkd 
vko';drk gksrh gSA fjeksV lsaflax ls 
ysdj gokbZ vUos"k.k rd] ge ,d 
okLrqdyk cukus osQ fy, vko';d 
x.kukRed MkVk bdV~Bk djrs gSaA
fu"iknu dyk
;g dyk :i vewrZ gS] vFkkZr bls 
Nqvk ugha tk ldrk ysfdu euksoSKkfud 
:i ls eglwl fd;k tk ldrk gSA bu 
dyk :iksa esa psgjs osQ vkSj 'kkjhfjd Hkko 
'kkfey gksrs gSaA
u`R;
u`R; dyk cgqr çkphu gS] ysfdu 
fMftVy nqfu;k esa u;s&u;s ç;ksx fd;s 
tk jgs gSaA vc ge ystj çdk'k dks ns[k 
ldrs gSa tgka ,d O;fDr u`R; dj jgk 
gS] ysfdu vaèksjs esa] ge osQoy fofHkUu 
Page 5


22 ????? 2024
^cqf)eÙkk  
ds lkFk 
dyk* ls 
^Ñf=ke 
esèkk* rd
tc ls fMftVy nqfu;k vfLrRo esa vkbZ gS] thou dk ,d Hkh igyw blls vNwrk 
ugha jgk gSA ,vkbZ ;kuh Ñf=ke esèkk vkSj tsujsfVo ,vkbZ ;kuh l`tukRed Ñf=ke esèkk 
tSls fMftVy ;qx osQ uokpkjksa us gekjs nSfud thou esa viuh mifLFkfr ntZ djkbZ 
gSA fMftVy çkS|ksfxfd;ksa osQ bl u, ;qx esa] de ç;kl vkSj vfèkd lkeF;Z osQ lkFk 
dykRed vfHkO;fDr vfèkd vkd"kZd vkSj uohu gks xbZ gSA
MkW euh"k deZokj
vkHkk"k ds lkSjo
fnYyh fo'ofo|ky; esa bfrgkl osQ lgk;d çksiQsljA bZesy% mkarmwar@as.du.ac.in
fnYyh fo'ofo|ky; esa lgk;d çksiQsljA bZesy% abhashkumarsaurav96@gmail.com
23 ????? 2024
yk vkSj cqf¼ çkphu dky ls gh ,d& nwljs ls 
caèks gq, gSaA çkphu dky esa gekjs ikl ,vkbZ 
;kuh Ñf=ke esèkk ugha Fkh] ysfdu gekjs ikl 
mYys[kuh; cqf¼eÙkk okyh dyk dh çpqjrk FkhA çkjafHkd 
ekuo us viuh cqf¼ ls ,slh egRoiw.kZ dyk dk fodkl 
fd;k ftlesa iRFkj rFkk gkFkhnkar ls cuh dyk&d`fr;ka] feV~Vh 
osQ crZu] èkkrqdeZ] diM+k mRiknu] euosQ cukuk] dk"Vdyk 
rFkk mRdh.kZu] xkM+h cukuk] xqiQkvksa esa fp=kdkjh djuk vkfn 
'kkfey gSaA ;fn dksbZ çkS|ksfxdh dks ifjorZu osQ ekuoh; rjhosQ 
osQ :i esa ifjHkkf"kr djrk gS] rks gekjs ikl bldk çek.k Hkh 
gS] ;s gSa& nks fefy;u ls vfèkd o"kks± ls Hkkjrh; miegk}hi 
esa ekStwn iRFkj osQ vkStkjA Hkkjr esa 2600 vkSj 1900 bZlk iwoZ 
osQ chp gq, igys 'kgjhdj.k osQ nkSjku] gM+Iik lH;rk ,d 
egRoiw.kZ mnkgj.k osQ :i esa mHkjhA gM+Iik lH;rk esa cqf¼ 
osQ lkFk dyk osQ cgqr lkjs mnkgj.k gSaA gM+Iik lH;rk osQ 
yksx ubZ Ñf"k çkS|ksfxfd;ksa dk vkfo"dkj djus osQ fy, dkiQh 
mUur Fks] blfy, mUgksaus varjiQly dk vkfo"dkj fd;kA
blosQ vykok] mUgksaus ifg;s dk vkfo"dkj fd;k] ftlus 
vkèkqfud dky rd ekuo lH;rk dh enn dh gSA èkkrq foKku 
esa] mUgksaus v;Ld ls èkkrq fu"d"kZ.k osQ fy, ubZ rduhdksa dk 
vkfo"dkj fd;kA blosQ vykok] mUgksaus feJ èkkrq rduhd 
fodflr dh] ftlls mUgksaus èkkrq fVu osQ lkFk rkacs dks fefJr 
djuk vkSj dkaL; dk mRiknu djuk 'kq: fd;k FkkA gM+Iik 
osQ yksxksa }kjk fodflr dh xbZ egRoiw.kZ rduhdksa esa ls ,d 
^ykWLV oSDl* rduhd gSA bl rduhd dh enn ls mUgksaus 
ewfrZ;ka cukb±] tks dyk vkSj laLÑfr osQ {ks=k esa ,d ehy dk 
iRFkj FkhaA
vkt osQ fMftVy ;qx esa gkykafd ge okLrqf'kYi uokpkj 
esa csgrj ifj.kkeksa osQ fy, ,vkbZ dk mi;ksx djrs gSaA gM+Iik 
osQ yksxksa us ty fudklh ç.kkyh tSls lHkh vkèkqfud igyqvksa 
osQ lkFk mUur fxzM&vkèkkfjr uxj fu;kstu fodflr fd;kA 
mUgksaus vfèkd etcwr nhokjsa cukus osQ fy, vuqikfrd :i ls 
b±Vksa dk mi;ksx fd;kA
gM+Iik dky osQ ckn nwljk 'kgjhdj.k xaxk ?kkVh esa 
gqvkA bl nwljs 'kgjhdj.k dky esa] yksgs ij vkèkkfjr dqN 
mYys[kuh; rduhdh uokpkj gq,A fnYyh ykSg LraHk] tks 1500 
o"kZ iqjkuk gS] Ng Vu x<+k gqvk yksgk ls cuk gS vkSj yksgs esa 
iQkWLiQksjl dk mi;ksx gqvk gSA bl izdkj ;g cqf¼ osQ lkFk 
dyk dk vkSj lkFk gh mUur rduhd dk Hkh lPpk mnkgj.k 
gSA ;g ykSg LraHk vius tax çfrjksèkh xq.kksa osQ fy, çfl¼ gSA 
bldh fof'k"Vrk osQ dkj.k dks vc le>k tkus yxk gSA blh 
rduhd dk mi;ksx vksfM'kk osQ txUukFk iqjh osQ eafnjksa esa Hkh 
fd;k x;k gSA blosQ vykok] eè;dky esa] ;fn ge dyk dks 
cqf¼eÙkk osQ lkFk ns[ksa] rks gekjs ikl fdys tSls dbZ mnkgj.k 
gSa] tks viuh fof'k"Vrk esa vf}rh; gSaA
dyk vkSj laLÑfr leqnk;ksa osQ fo'okl] ewY;ksa] vkSj 
ijaijkvksa dks n'kkZrs gq, igpku dh vfHkO;fDr osQ :i esa dk;Z 
djrh gSaA laxhr] u`R;] lkfgR; vkSj n`'; dyk tSls dyk :iksa 
osQ ekè;e ls] O;fDr vkSj leqnk; viuh fof'k"V igpku vkSj 
fojklr dks O;Dr djrs gSaA dyk fopkj dks çsfjr dj ldrh 
gS] ekunaMksa dks pqukSrh ns ldrh gS vkSj dkjZokbZ dks çsfjr 
dj ldrh gSA jpukRed vfHkO;fDr osQ ekè;e ls] dykdkj 
lkekftd eqíksa dks lacksfèkr djrs gSa] U;k; dh odkyr djrs 
gSa vkSj ldkjkRed lkekftd ifjorZu dks c<+kok nsrs gSaA 
lkaLÑfrd xfrfofèk;ksa us ,sfrgkfld :i ls lkekftd vkSj 
jktuhfrd ifjorZu ykus esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ gSA
fMftVy çkS|ksfxdh osQ mn; us fMftVy isafVax] xzkfiQd 
fMtkbu] ,uhes'ku vkSj baVjSfDVo ehfM;k tSls u, dyk :iksa 
dks tUe fn;k gSA dykdkj vk'p;Ztud n`'; dykÑfr;ka 
cukus osQ fy, VScysV] lkWÝVos;j çksxzke vkSj fMftVy dSejs 
tSls fMftVy midj.kksa dk mi;ksx djrs gSa ftUgsa ikjaifjd 
rjhdksa ls gkfly djuk igys vlaHko ;k dfBu FkkA dksfoM&19 
egkekjh us dyk vkSj laLÑfr {ks=k dks fiQj ls u;k :i fn;k 
ftlls ,vkbZ tSls midj.k T+;knk izpyu esa vk, gSA vkt] 
ge vkHkklh dyk laxzgky;ksa] çn'kZfu;ksa] vkHkklh laj{kdksa] 
fFk,Vjksa vkSj cgqr dqN dk rsth ls mn~Hko ns[k jgs gSaA egkekjh 
us lkaLÑfrd laLFkkuksa vkSj dk;ZØeksa osQ fy, vkHkklh çk:iksa 
dks O;kid :i ls viukus osQ fy, mRçsjd osQ :i esa dke 
fd;kA ;g pqukSrhiw.kZ le; dyk laLFkkuksa osQ fy, fMftVy 
d
24 ????? 2024
izkS|ksfxdh osQ fodkl esa ,d egRoiw.kZ eksM+ lkfcr gqvk gSA
osclkbVsa] lks'ky ehfM;k IysViQkWeZ] vkWuykbu xSyjh vkSj 
fMftVy vkVZ ekosQZVIysl dykdkjksa dks O;kid n'kZdksa rd 
igqapus] lkFkh jpukdkjksa ls tqM+us vkSj ;gka rd fd viuh 
dykÑfr lhèks laxzkgdksa dks cspus dh lqfoèkk iznku djrs gSaA 
blus gesa fMftVy laj{k.k dk egRo fn[kk;kA fMftVy laj{k.k 
rduhosaQ] tSls fMftVhdj.k] esVkMkVk çcaèku vkSj fMftVy 
laxzg] Hkfo"; dh ihf<+;ksa osQ fy, fMftVy dykÑfr;ksa 
osQ nh?kZdkfyd laj{k.k vkSj igqap lqfuf'pr djus osQ fy, 
vko';d gSaA
fMftVy ;qx dykdkjksa vkSj dyk çsfe;ksa osQ fy, ;|fi 
dbZ volj ysdj vk;k gS] ysfdu ;g dbZ pqukSfr;ka Hkh 
çLrqr djrk gSA fMftVy dyk fuekZ.k osQ fy, fMftVy Vwy 
vkSj lkWÝVos;j esa n{krk dh vko';drk gksrh gS] tks çf'k{k.k 
;k lalkèkuksa dh deh osQ dkj.k dykdkjksa osQ fy, esa ckèkk 
mRiUu dj ldrh gSA fMftVy dyk osQ vkWuykbu çlkj 
ls dykÑfr;ksa dh xq.koÙkk vkSj çkekf.kdrk dks igpkuuk 
eqf'dy gks tkrk gS] ftlls fo'okl vkSj fo'oluh;rk osQ 
eqís iSnk gksrs gSaA tSls&tSls fMftVy gsjiQsj rduhosaQ rsth 
ls ifj"Ñr gksrh tk jgh gSa] ewy dykÑfr;ksa vkSj fMftVy 
tkylkth ;k çfrÑfr;ksa osQ chp varj djuk vfèkd pqukSrhiw.kZ 
gksrk tk jgk gSA çkFkfed fparkvksa esa ls ,d MkVk xksiuh;rk 
gS_ O;fDrxr tkudkjh ,d=k djuk vkSj laxzghr djuk] foÙkh; 
ysunsu djuk vkSj jpukRed lkexzh dks vkWuykbu lk>k djuk 
varfuZfgr tksf[ke j[krk gS ftlosQ fy, etcwr lkbcj lqj{kk 
mik;ksa vkSj MkVk lqj{kk çksVksdkWy dh vko';drk gksrh gSA
dqy feykdj] fMftVy ;qx us dyk dh nqfu;k dks xgjkbZ 
ls cny fn;k gS] ftlls jpukRedrk] lg;ksx vkSj uohurk osQ 
u, jkLrs [kqy x, gSaA tSls&tSls çkS|ksfxdh dk fodkl tkjh 
gS] fMftVy dyk dh laHkkouk,a vlhfer gSa] tks dyk osQ ckjs 
esa gekjh le> vkSj lekt esa blosQ LFkku dks u;k vkdkj 
nsus dk oknk djrh gSA
fMftVy dyk] ikjaifjd dyk dh rjg] fiDlsy ls cuh 
gksrh gSA fiNys 50 o"kks± esa] tSls&tSls daI;wVj çkS|ksfxdh mUur 
gqbZ gS] oSls&oSls dyk Hkh mUur gqbZ gSA baVjusV çkS|ksfxdh osQ 
mn; us oSf'od dyk xfrfofèk;ksa dks c<+us osQ fy, çsfjr 
fd;k gSA tc ge lekt osQ lkekftd] lkaLÑfrd vkSj 
vkfFkZd ewY;ksa dks ns[krs gSa] rks ge ikrs gSa fd dyk vkSj 
fMftVy çkS|ksfxdh osQ la;kstu us dyk osQ ,d u, iquthZfor 
:i dk fuekZ.k fd;k gS ftls ^fMftVy dyk* osQ :i esa 
tkuk tkrk gSA le; osQ lkFk dyk dh ifjHkk"kk cny xbZ 
gS( ;g vc osQoy isafVax] fp=k vkSj ewfrZ;ksa rd lhfer ugha 
gSA dyk esa vc daI;wVj&tfur Nfo;ka vkSj fMtkbu 'kkfey 
gSa] tks dyk osQ vFkZ dk foLrkj djrs gSaA fMftVy dyk us 
u osQoy isafVax] xzkfiQd fMtkbu] baLVkWys'ku vkSj ,uhes'ku 
dks cny fn;k gS cfYd dfork] laxhr vkSj ewfrZdyk dks 
Hkh u, n`f"Vdks.k fn, gSaA vkèkqfud lkWÝVos;j esa çxfr vkSj 
rst daI;wVj çkslslj us dyk dks cgqr vkxs c<+k;k gSA ;g 
çxfr ledkyhu fMftVy dyk esa ubZ dykRed voèkkj.kkvksa 
osQ fodkl esa ifjyf{kr gksrh gSA ;g dbZ ikjaifjd dyk 
:iksa dh iqudZYiuk djrk gS vkSj fMftVy dyk dh oSf'od 
Hkk"kk osQ foLrkj esa ;ksxnku nsrk gSA vkt dyk txr esa dbZ 
ifj;kstukvksa dk y{; Hkfo"; osQ fy, u, :iksa dh [kkst 
djuk gSA gkykafd ;g dguk eqf'dy gS fd fMftVy rduhd 
25 ????? 2024
thou osQ fofHkUu igyqvksa dks dSls idM+rh gS] ysfdu bldk 
çHkko fufoZokn gSA vkèkqfud le; esa fMftVy çkS|ksfxfd;ksa 
dk mi;ksx fuEufyf[kr dyk :iksa esa ns[kk tk ldrk gS%
n`'; dyk
;g dyk :i ewrZ gS] vFkkZr bls Nwdj eglwl fd;k tk 
ldrk gSA ;s dyk :i vkerkSj ij ,d dykdkj }kjk fufeZr 
Bksl :i gksrs gSa A flusek n`'; dYiuk fp=k.k dk mRÑ"V 
mnkgj.k gSA bl fMftVy ;qx esa] ge de ç;kl vkSj U;wure 
ctV esa vius lkaLÑfrd LFkkuksa] lkaLÑfrd iks'kkdksa vkfn 
dh n`'; dYiuk cukus osQ fy, ubZ rduhdksa dk mi;ksx dj 
ldrs gSaA vkt ubZ rduhd dh enn ls dksbZ Hkh fdlh Hkh 
pht dks mruk gh fpf=kr dj ldrk gS ftruk og dYiuk 
dj ldrk gSA blfy,] vkt gekjs ikl viuh dyk rFkk 
laLÑfr] fo'ks"kdj flusek esa bl u, fMftVy uokpkj dk 
leFkZu djus vkSj mi;ksx djus dk ,d etcwr dkj.k gSA 
gkykafd] nwljh vksj] gesa bl ckr ls Hkh voxr gksuk pkfg, 
fd dqN çkS|ksfxfd;ka vuqfpr mi;ksfxrk Hkh fn[kkrh gSa] tSls 
udyh ;k fo:fir ohfM;ks vkfnA
fp=kdkjh
ge eslksfyfFkd jkWd xqiQk fp=kksa ls ysdj iqutkZxj.k fp=kksa 
rd çkS|ksfxdh dk dksbZ mi;ksx ugha ns[krs gSaA ysfdu vkt 
dk dyk :i vR;fèkd fMftVhÑr gS] tgka ,d dykdkj 
gkMZos;j vkSj lkWÝVos;j dk mi;ksx djosQ dksbZ Hkh isafVax 
cukrk gSA ;s isafVaXl dbZ rjg osQ fMtkbu tSls Tosyjh fMtkbu 
vkSj iQS'ku fMtkbu esa ennxkj gksrh gSaA vkt] yksxksa us 
vDlj vewrZ isafVax osQ çfr #fp fodflr dj yh gS] tgka 
fMftVhdj.k dk vR;fèkd mi;ksx vkSj egRo gSA dksbZ Hkh 
fMftVy :i ls dbZ dykRed vewrZ isafVax cuk ldrk gS vkSj 
mUgsa fdlh Hkh vkVZ xSyjh esa ns[k ldrk gSA
ewfrZ
çkphu dky ls] yksx dyk osQ bl :i dks cukus osQ 
fy, feV~Vh ;k feV~Vh osQ fdlh Hkh :i dk mi;ksx djrs 
jgs gSa] ysfdu vkt dh fMftVy nqfu;k esa fMftVy ewfrZ;ka 
cukus osQ fy, 3Mh rduhdksa dk mi;ksx fd;k tk jgk gSA 
bls ewfrZdyk dh fMftVy Nki Hkh dgk tk ldrk gS] tks 
izktsD'ku VsDukykWth ij vkèkkfjr gS] ftlesa fdlh ekuo ;k 
oLrq dh vkÑfr cukus osQ fy, jks'kuh dks lrg ij ç{ksfir 
fd;k tkrk gS tks dHkh&dHkh cgqr okLrfod vkSj ltho 
yxrh gSA tc fdlh fo'kky ewfrZ dks Hkkxksa esa cuk;k tkrk gS 
rks Bksl ewfrZ cukus esa Hkh çkS|ksfxdh dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gS 
vkSj lVhd vkdkj cukus osQ fy, çkS|ksfxdh] fo'ks"k :i ls 
ystj eSfiax dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
okLrqdyk
okLrqdyk vkerkSj ij fo'kky 
Lekjdksa vkSj bekjrksa dks cukus dh dyk 
gS] ysfdu bl dyk dks çcafèkr djus 
osQ fy, vUos"k.k ls ysdj mR[kuu 
rd fMftVy rduhd dh vR;fèkd 
vko';drk gksrh gSA fjeksV lsaflax ls 
ysdj gokbZ vUos"k.k rd] ge ,d 
okLrqdyk cukus osQ fy, vko';d 
x.kukRed MkVk bdV~Bk djrs gSaA
fu"iknu dyk
;g dyk :i vewrZ gS] vFkkZr bls 
Nqvk ugha tk ldrk ysfdu euksoSKkfud 
:i ls eglwl fd;k tk ldrk gSA bu 
dyk :iksa esa psgjs osQ vkSj 'kkjhfjd Hkko 
'kkfey gksrs gSaA
u`R;
u`R; dyk cgqr çkphu gS] ysfdu 
fMftVy nqfu;k esa u;s&u;s ç;ksx fd;s 
tk jgs gSaA vc ge ystj çdk'k dks ns[k 
ldrs gSa tgka ,d O;fDr u`R; dj jgk 
gS] ysfdu vaèksjs esa] ge osQoy fofHkUu 
26 ????? 2024
çdk'kksa dh xfrfofèk;ksa dks ns[krs gSaA ;qok ih<+h osQ fy, ;g 
vuks[kk vkSj etsnkj gSA
laxhr
;g Hkh ,d cgqr gh çkphu vkSj I;kjh dyk gS] ftlesa 
,d dykdkj ,d ok| ;a=k osQ lkFk xkrk gSA vkèkqfud le; 
ls igys ;s phtsa çkÑfrd Fkha] ysfdu vkt dh nqfu;k esa 
fMftVhdj.k dk bLrseky fd;k tk jgk gSA Hkys gh fdlh 
O;fDr dh vkokt dh xq.koÙkk vkSlr gks] og ^vkWVks&V~;wu* 
dh rduhd dk mi;ksx djosQ bls eèkqj cuk ldrk gSA 
dykdkjksa dh vkokt dks flaØksukbt djus osQ fy, ok|;a=k 
Hkh vc fMftVy :i ls ctk, tkrs gSaA
Nk;kadu
fFk,Vj dykdkj gh vlyh dykdkj gksrs gSa tks viuh 
nenkj vkokt vkSj Hkko&Hkafxekvksa ls n'kZdksa dks vkdf"kZr 
djrs gSa] ysfdu flusek esa oh,iQ,Dl rduhd vkSj okW;l osQ 
O;kid mi;ksx ls phtsa cny xbZ gSaA fdlh Hkh flusek dks 
yksosQ'ku ls gVdj fdlh vU; LFkku ij 'kwV djuk vc cgqr 
vklku gS tgka vkidks okLrfod LFkku dh vko';drk ugha 
gSA çkS|ksfxdh dh lgk;rk ls ,d Ñf=ke LFkku 
cuk;k tk ldrk gSA
fu"d"kZ
fMftVy IysViQkWeZ us yksxksa dks dyk vkSj 
laLÑfr rd [kqyh igqap çnku dh gS] ftlls os 
viuh maxfy;ksa dh enn ls vklkuh ls nqfu;k esa 
dgha ls Hkh Hkkx ys ldrs gSaA fMftVy rduhd 
us dyk dks cukus] iznku djus vkSj lajf{kr 
djus osQ rjhosQ dks cny fn;k gSA eYVhehfM;k 
baVjSfDVo baLVkWys'ku vkSj vkHkklh okLrfodrk 
vuqHko cukus osQ fy, fMftVy midj.k vkSj 
lkWÝVos;j O;kid :i ls lqyHk gSaA baVjusV 
dykdkjksa dks oSf'od n'kZdksa ls tqM+us osQ fy, 
,d egRoiw.kZ eap çnku djrk gS vkSj vkWuykbu 
eapksa rFkk ØkmMiaQfMax ifj;kstukvksa osQ fy, 
vU; çHkko'kkyh yksxksa osQ lkFk lg;ksx djus osQ 
volj çnku djrk gSA lkaLÑfrd fojklr] tSls 
çkphu oLrq,a] nLrkost rFkk dykÑfr;ksa dks 
{kfr rFkk pksjh ls cpkus osQ fy, vfHkys[kkxkj 
vkSj laxzgky;ksa }kjk fMftVhÑr fd;k tkrk 
gSA laxzgky;] xSyjh vkSj lkaLÑfrd lsV&vi 
vkWuykbu laxzg rFkk çn'kZfu;ksa dk vkHkklh 
nkSjk çnku djrs gSa] ftlls yksx nqfu;k Hkj 
esa lkaLÑfrd fojklr dh [kkst dj ldrs gSaA 
dkWihjkbV dkuwu vkSj fMftVy vfèkdkj ra=k 
dykdkjksa vkSj miHkksDrkvksa osQ fgrksa dk è;ku j[kus dk 
ç;kl djrs gSaA fiQj Hkh] dkWihjkbV] LokfeRo vkSj ckSf¼d 
laink vfèkdkjksa osQ eqís vDlj [kcjksa esa jgrs gSaA lkaLÑfrd 
igpku vkSj çfrfufèkRo osQ fy, fMftVy rduhd dk nwjxkeh 
çHkko gS] D;ksafd ;s IysViQkWeZ yksxksa osQ vius rFkk nwljksa osQ 
fopkjksa dks çHkkfor djrs gSa vkSj lkaLÑfrd ekunaMksa rFkk 
ewY;ksa dks vkdkj nsrs gSaA fu"d"kZr%] fMftVy ;qx us ubZ dyk 
vkSj lkaLÑfrd vfHkO;fDr osQ :iksa dks cukus esa enn dh 
gS] ftlls os nqfu;k Hkj esa lqyHk gks x, gSaA fiQj Hkh] ;g 
xksiuh;rk] fMftVy vfèkdkj vkSj dkWihjkbV mYya?ku osQ eqíksa 
ij Hkh dke vkrk gSA
gkykafd fMftVy rduhd dk mi;ksx yxHkx lHkh dyk 
:iksa esa fd;k tkrk gS] tks bls vfèkd jksekapd rFkk lqyHk 
cukrk gS] ysfdu dHkh&dHkh ;g n'kZdksa dks vokLrfod 
vkuan nsrk gS] blfy, lPph dyk dk mís'; foiQy gks tkrk 
gSA gesa fMftVy rduhd dk fdruk mi;ksx djuk pkfg,] 
blosQ fy, gesa [kqn dks çfrcafèkr djuk pkfg, ;k lhek,a 
cukuh pkfg,aA                                 ?
11 tuojh 2024
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FAQs on Yojana Magazine March 2024 - 2 (Hindi) - Current Affairs (Hindi): Daily, Weekly & Monthly - UPSC

1. योजना पत्रिका क्या है और इसका महत्व क्या है?
उत्तर: योजना पत्रिका भारत सरकार की आधिकारिक पत्रिका है जो नीति निर्माण, योजनाएं, और समस्याओं के समाधान के बारे में जानकारी प्रदान करती है। इसका महत्व उच्च स्तरीय नीति निर्माण और समाज की सुधार के लिए जरूरी है।
2. मार्च 2024 की योजना पत्रिका में किन मुद्दों पर विस्तार से चर्चा की गई है?
उत्तर: मार्च 2024 की योजना पत्रिका में शिक्षा, स्वास्थ्य, जलवायु परिवर्तन, और आर्थिक विकास जैसे मुद्दों पर विस्तार से चर्चा की गई है।
3. योजना पत्रिका की मार्च 2024 संख्या किस परीक्षा की तैयारी के लिए महत्वपूर्ण है?
उत्तर: योजना पत्रिका की मार्च 2024 संख्या सिविल सेवा परीक्षा की तैयारी के लिए महत्वपूर्ण है क्योंकि इसमें विभिन्न विषयों पर विस्तृत जानकारी और विशेषज्ञों की राय दी गई है।
4. योजना पत्रिका में कौन-कौन से विषयों पर लेख शामिल हैं?
उत्तर: योजना पत्रिका में शिक्षा, स्वास्थ्य, जलवायु परिवर्तन, और कृषि जैसे विषयों पर लेख शामिल हैं।
5. योजना पत्रिका कैसे पढ़ी जानी चाहिए ताकि इससे सबसे ज्यादा लाभ हो?
उत्तर: योजना पत्रिका को ध्यान से पढ़ना चाहिए और उसमें दी गई जानकारी को समझने का प्रयास करना चाहिए। इससे नीति निर्माण और समाज को सुधारने में मदद मिलेगी।
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