Yojana Magazine March 2024 - 3 (Hindi) | Current Affairs (Hindi): Daily, Weekly & Monthly - UPSC PDF Download

 Page 1


47 ????? 2024
dFkk dkWfeDl dh
jr esa dkWfeDl dh ,slh yksdfç;rk dh uhao 
20oha lnh osQ iwokZ¼Z esa lqoqQekj jk; viuh 
cky if=kdk ^lans'k* esa j• pqosQ FksA if'pe 
caxky osQ ç[;kr fiQYe fuekZrk funZs'kd lR;ftr jk; osQ 
firk lqoqQekj jk; osQ }kjk cukbZ vkSj çdkf'kr ^d#.kkeksbZ 
jkuh j'keksf.k* dkWfed fLVªi dks vDlj Hkkjr osQ igys 
dkWfed fLVªi dk eku fn;k tkrk gSA 
fdUrq fp=kksa osQ lkFk 'kCnksa dks feykdj laokn ;k 
dFkkdkjh dh ;s ijaijk 'kq: oSQls gqbZ\ bldk dksbZ 
,sfrgkfld nLrkost rks ugha feyrk] ij ,slk ekuk tkrk 
gS fd ekuo çtkfr osQ lkFk&lkFk bldk Hkh dkyØe esa 
fodkl gqvk gSA 
viuh vfHkO;fDr dks] viuh dgkfu;ksa dks tc ewrZ 
djus dh vko';drk iM+h] rks balku us fHkfÙkfp=k] ikr 
fp=k] èkkrq] iRFkj] dk’ ij viuh dyk dks mosQjuk 'kq: 
fd;k vkSj mls vfèkd çHkko'kkyh cukus dk u;k ekè;e 
u;h rduhd Hkh <wa<rk jgkA 16oha lnh osQ 'kq#vkrh fnuksa esa 
bVyh osQ ikWyheSFk] egku fp=kdkj] vkfo"dkjd] laxhrdkj 
fy;ksuknksZ nk foaph (Leonardo da Vinci) ,d fnu ,d 
flDosQ dks ns• jgs Fks] mlesa fdlh jktk osQ psgjs dh Nfo 
mosQjh xbZ FkhA f?klus osQ dkj.k ;k njkj iM+us osQ dkj.k oks 
psgjk T;knk fnypLi] T;knk vljnkj yx jgk FkkA muosQ 
dkSrwgy us mUgsa th.kZ flDdksa ij foÑr gks jgs psgjksa dk 
vè;;u djk;kA mlosQ ckn mUgksaus viuh isafVax esa psgjksa dks 
Hkk
va'kqekyh >k
iVdFkk ys[ku dh ,d daiuh ^fLØIVokyk* osQ iQkmaMj] funsZ'kd ,oa fiNys 30 lkyksa ls Vsyhfotu ds fofHkUu pSuyksa 
gsrq foKkiuksa vkSj dbZ czkaM~l osQ fy, dk;Z fd;k gSA bZesy% anshumali@scriptwalla.com
Page 2


47 ????? 2024
dFkk dkWfeDl dh
jr esa dkWfeDl dh ,slh yksdfç;rk dh uhao 
20oha lnh osQ iwokZ¼Z esa lqoqQekj jk; viuh 
cky if=kdk ^lans'k* esa j• pqosQ FksA if'pe 
caxky osQ ç[;kr fiQYe fuekZrk funZs'kd lR;ftr jk; osQ 
firk lqoqQekj jk; osQ }kjk cukbZ vkSj çdkf'kr ^d#.kkeksbZ 
jkuh j'keksf.k* dkWfed fLVªi dks vDlj Hkkjr osQ igys 
dkWfed fLVªi dk eku fn;k tkrk gSA 
fdUrq fp=kksa osQ lkFk 'kCnksa dks feykdj laokn ;k 
dFkkdkjh dh ;s ijaijk 'kq: oSQls gqbZ\ bldk dksbZ 
,sfrgkfld nLrkost rks ugha feyrk] ij ,slk ekuk tkrk 
gS fd ekuo çtkfr osQ lkFk&lkFk bldk Hkh dkyØe esa 
fodkl gqvk gSA 
viuh vfHkO;fDr dks] viuh dgkfu;ksa dks tc ewrZ 
djus dh vko';drk iM+h] rks balku us fHkfÙkfp=k] ikr 
fp=k] èkkrq] iRFkj] dk’ ij viuh dyk dks mosQjuk 'kq: 
fd;k vkSj mls vfèkd çHkko'kkyh cukus dk u;k ekè;e 
u;h rduhd Hkh <wa<rk jgkA 16oha lnh osQ 'kq#vkrh fnuksa esa 
bVyh osQ ikWyheSFk] egku fp=kdkj] vkfo"dkjd] laxhrdkj 
fy;ksuknksZ nk foaph (Leonardo da Vinci) ,d fnu ,d 
flDosQ dks ns• jgs Fks] mlesa fdlh jktk osQ psgjs dh Nfo 
mosQjh xbZ FkhA f?klus osQ dkj.k ;k njkj iM+us osQ dkj.k oks 
psgjk T;knk fnypLi] T;knk vljnkj yx jgk FkkA muosQ 
dkSrwgy us mUgsa th.kZ flDdksa ij foÑr gks jgs psgjksa dk 
vè;;u djk;kA mlosQ ckn mUgksaus viuh isafVax esa psgjksa dks 
Hkk
va'kqekyh >k
iVdFkk ys[ku dh ,d daiuh ^fLØIVokyk* osQ iQkmaMj] funsZ'kd ,oa fiNys 30 lkyksa ls Vsyhfotu ds fofHkUu pSuyksa 
gsrq foKkiuksa vkSj dbZ czkaM~l osQ fy, dk;Z fd;k gSA bZesy% anshumali@scriptwalla.com
48 ????? 2024
foÑr djosQ vfèkd çHkko'kkyh cukus dk ç;ksx 'kq: fd;kA 
;gh dkVZwu oSQfjosQpj] dkWfeDl tSlh dyk dk mn~xe ;k 
çsjd fcUnq ekuk tkrk gSA
1560 osQ nkSj esa ,d brkyoh fp=kdkj X;wlsi vkfdZcksYMks 
(Giuseppe Arcimboldo) us iwQyksa] lfCt;ksa] iQyksa] eqxhZ] 
dkVZwu% fp=kdyk dh oks foèkk gS ftlesa etsnkj rjhosQ ls 
fdlh Hkh ckr dk] fo"k; dk] O;fDr dk] ifjos'k dk fp=k.k 
fd;k tkrk gS vkSj mls vljnkj cukus osQ fy, oqQN 'kCnksa 
dk Hkh ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA dkVZwu dk bLrseky dHkh dFkk 
dgus osQ fy,] euksjatu osQ fy,] gkL; O;aX; osQ fy, rks 
dHkh jktuhfrd vkSj lkekftd dkWesaVªh osQ fy, fd;k tkrk gSA 
dkVZwu dbZ ckj galrs galkrs dbZ ,sls vuNq, vudgs lp dks 
mtkxj dj nsrk gS tks vkerkSj ij yksx dgus ls fgpfdpkrs gSaA 
fons'kh dkVZwu% fedh ekml] MksuYM Md] eksXyh] VkWe 
,.M tsjh] gh&eSu] iSaQVe] eSUMªSd] lqij&eSu] cSV~eSu] LikbMj 
eSu] vkphZt+ bR;kfnA
Hkkjrh; dkVZwu% pkpk pkSèkjh] lkcw] <Ccw th] fcYyw] 
ukxjkt] phVw&uhVw] phowQ] eksVw&iryw bR;kfnA
tkikuh dkVZwu% iksosQeksu] Mksjseksu] MsFk uksV] f'kupSu] 
uk#rks bR;kfnA
oSQfjosQpj% dkVZwu dh 'kSyh esa gh tc fdlh O;fDr ;k 
oLrq osQ fdlh vax ;k fgLls dk vfrjsd gksrk gS ;k mls 
foÑr fd;k tkrk gS] gkL; ;k O;aX; dk çHkko mRi djus 
osQ fy, rks mls oSQfjosQpj dgrs gSaA blesa fdlh O;fDrRo dh 
fdlh fo'ks"krk] xq.k ;k y{k.k dks vR;fèkd c<+k osQ etsnkj 
;k euksjatd cuk fn;k tkrk gSA vkerkSj ij ukd] vka•] 
gksaB] dku vkSj cky gh fdlh oSQfjosQpj dk f'kdkj curk gSA 
oSQfjosQpj dk mís'; vkerkSj ij fo"k; dh çeq• fo'ks"krkvksa] 
fofp=krkvksa] ;k fo"kerkvksa dks mtkxj djuk gksrk gSA 
dkWfeDl% dkWfeDl oks dyk gS ftlesa dgkfu;ksa] 
pfj=kksa] vkSj ?kVukvksa dks dkVZwu dh gh rjg js•kadu] 
fp=kdkjh vkSj 'kCnksa osQ la;kstu ls çLrqr fd;k tkrk gSA 
dkWfeDl esa ,d gh fdjnkj osQ fdLls dks NksVs&NksVs •.Mksa 
esa foHkkftr fd;k tkrk gS] ftUgsa ^iSuy* dgrs gSa] vkSj ;s 
iSuy lanHkZ] le; vkSj vko';drkuqlkj fdjnkj osQ lkFk 
?kVusokyh ?kVuk vkSj Hkkoksa dks n'kkZrs gSaA dkWfeDl osQ dbZ 
çdkj gSa lqijghjks dkWfeDl% ,slh dkWfed cqDl ftuesa 
vlkèkkj.k {kerkvksa vkSj iks'kkdksa okys ik=k gksrs gSa] tks 
cqjkbZ vkSj vU;k; osQ f•ykiQ yM+rs gSaA mnkgj.k% lqijeSu] 
LikbMj&eSu] cSVeSu] oaMj oqeu vkfnA 
eNyh] fdrkcksa tSlh phtksa osQ fp=kksa ls viuh vkÑfr;ka 
x<+uk 'kq: fd;kA nwj ls mudh isafVax] viuh vkÑfr;ka 
lkekU; yxrh Fkha] ij djhc tkus ij irk pyrk fd ukd 
rks ,d lCth gS vkSj xky rks ,d iQy gSA mudh bl 
dYiuk] muosQ vankt us vkusokys fnuksa esa lkfgR; vkSj dyk 
foKku dFkk vkSj dkYifud dkWfeDl% ,slh dkWfed 
cqDl tks dYiuk'khy vkSj Hkfo";ok.kh fLFkfr;ksa dk vUos"k.k 
djrh gSa] tSls varfj{k ;k=kk] ,fy;u vkØe.k] tknw] vkSj 
oSdfYid okLrfodrk,aA mnkgj.k% LVkj okWlZ] n okWfoaQx MsM] 
lkxk] lSaMeSu vkfnA 
gkWjj dkWfeDl% ,slh dkWfed cqDl tks Hkwr&çsr] jk{kl] 
fi'kkp] t+ksach] tSls Hk;kud vkSj fgald fo"k;ksa ij cukbZ 
tkrh gSaA mnkgj.k% n okWfoaQx MsM] gsyckW;] ykWd ,aM dh] 
CySd gksy vkfnA 
gkL; dkWfeDl% ,slh dkWfed cqDl tks gkL; vkSj 
O;aX; dk mi;ksx djosQ ikBdksa dks euksjatu djrh gSa] 
vDlj vfrjaftr] csrqdh fLFkfr;ksa vkSj ik=kksa dh dFkk 
dgrh gSaA mnkgj.k% ihuV~l] xkjiQhYM] oSQfYou vkSj gksCCl]  
n flEilUl vkfnA 
jksekal dkWfeDl% ,slh dkWfed cqDl tks ik=kksa osQ lacaèkksa 
vkSj Hkkoukvksa ij osaQfær gksrh gSaA buesa vfèkdrj pkgr] eqgCcr] 
csoiQkbZ] feyu] tqnkbZ] nksLrh dh dgkfu;ka gksrh gSaA mnkgj.k% 
vkphZ] LVªsatlZ bu iSjkMkbl] LdkWV fiyfxze] CySaosQV~l vkfnA 
cky dkWfeDl% ,slh dkWfed cqDl tks cky vkSj fd'kksj 
ikBdksa osQ fy, cM+s gh jkspd] vkd"kZd vkSj I;kjs ik=kksa 
dh ljy vkSj etsnkj dgkfu;ka dgrh gSa vkSj uSfrd f'k{kk] 
lcd Hkh nsrh gSaA 
mnkgj.k% vejfp=k dFkk] fVufVu] ,LVsfjDl vkfnA 
o;Ld dkWfeDl% ,slh dkWfed cqDl tks ifjiDo vkSj 
o;Ld ikBdksa osQ fy, cuk;h tkrh gSa] blesa vDlj lsDl] 
fgalk] u'kk] vijkèk] tklwlh tSls fo"k;ksa dh Hkjekj gksrh gS 
mnkgj.k% okWpesu] oh iQkWj osaMkVk] flu flVh] ekml vkfnA 
ekaxk dkWfeDl% ,slh dkWfed cqDl tks tkiku ls mRi 
gqbZ gSa] vkSj ,d fof'k‘ 'kSyh vkSj laLÑfr ls rkYyqd j•rh 
gSaA ekaxk dkWfeDl fofHk 'kSfy;ksa vkSj fo"k;ksa dks doj djrh 
gSa vkSj cM+h gh yksdfç; gSaA mnkgj.k% uk#rks] ou ihl] MªSxu 
ckWy] MsFk uksV vkfnA 
blosQ vykok Hkh ,fues dkWfeDl] oSdfYid dkWfeDl 
tSls dbZ çdkj osQ dkWfeDl cktkj esa miyCèk gSaA buesa ls 
oqQN Lo&çdkf'kr Hkh gSaA ?
dkWfeDl dSls dSls
Page 3


47 ????? 2024
dFkk dkWfeDl dh
jr esa dkWfeDl dh ,slh yksdfç;rk dh uhao 
20oha lnh osQ iwokZ¼Z esa lqoqQekj jk; viuh 
cky if=kdk ^lans'k* esa j• pqosQ FksA if'pe 
caxky osQ ç[;kr fiQYe fuekZrk funZs'kd lR;ftr jk; osQ 
firk lqoqQekj jk; osQ }kjk cukbZ vkSj çdkf'kr ^d#.kkeksbZ 
jkuh j'keksf.k* dkWfed fLVªi dks vDlj Hkkjr osQ igys 
dkWfed fLVªi dk eku fn;k tkrk gSA 
fdUrq fp=kksa osQ lkFk 'kCnksa dks feykdj laokn ;k 
dFkkdkjh dh ;s ijaijk 'kq: oSQls gqbZ\ bldk dksbZ 
,sfrgkfld nLrkost rks ugha feyrk] ij ,slk ekuk tkrk 
gS fd ekuo çtkfr osQ lkFk&lkFk bldk Hkh dkyØe esa 
fodkl gqvk gSA 
viuh vfHkO;fDr dks] viuh dgkfu;ksa dks tc ewrZ 
djus dh vko';drk iM+h] rks balku us fHkfÙkfp=k] ikr 
fp=k] èkkrq] iRFkj] dk’ ij viuh dyk dks mosQjuk 'kq: 
fd;k vkSj mls vfèkd çHkko'kkyh cukus dk u;k ekè;e 
u;h rduhd Hkh <wa<rk jgkA 16oha lnh osQ 'kq#vkrh fnuksa esa 
bVyh osQ ikWyheSFk] egku fp=kdkj] vkfo"dkjd] laxhrdkj 
fy;ksuknksZ nk foaph (Leonardo da Vinci) ,d fnu ,d 
flDosQ dks ns• jgs Fks] mlesa fdlh jktk osQ psgjs dh Nfo 
mosQjh xbZ FkhA f?klus osQ dkj.k ;k njkj iM+us osQ dkj.k oks 
psgjk T;knk fnypLi] T;knk vljnkj yx jgk FkkA muosQ 
dkSrwgy us mUgsa th.kZ flDdksa ij foÑr gks jgs psgjksa dk 
vè;;u djk;kA mlosQ ckn mUgksaus viuh isafVax esa psgjksa dks 
Hkk
va'kqekyh >k
iVdFkk ys[ku dh ,d daiuh ^fLØIVokyk* osQ iQkmaMj] funsZ'kd ,oa fiNys 30 lkyksa ls Vsyhfotu ds fofHkUu pSuyksa 
gsrq foKkiuksa vkSj dbZ czkaM~l osQ fy, dk;Z fd;k gSA bZesy% anshumali@scriptwalla.com
48 ????? 2024
foÑr djosQ vfèkd çHkko'kkyh cukus dk ç;ksx 'kq: fd;kA 
;gh dkVZwu oSQfjosQpj] dkWfeDl tSlh dyk dk mn~xe ;k 
çsjd fcUnq ekuk tkrk gSA
1560 osQ nkSj esa ,d brkyoh fp=kdkj X;wlsi vkfdZcksYMks 
(Giuseppe Arcimboldo) us iwQyksa] lfCt;ksa] iQyksa] eqxhZ] 
dkVZwu% fp=kdyk dh oks foèkk gS ftlesa etsnkj rjhosQ ls 
fdlh Hkh ckr dk] fo"k; dk] O;fDr dk] ifjos'k dk fp=k.k 
fd;k tkrk gS vkSj mls vljnkj cukus osQ fy, oqQN 'kCnksa 
dk Hkh ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA dkVZwu dk bLrseky dHkh dFkk 
dgus osQ fy,] euksjatu osQ fy,] gkL; O;aX; osQ fy, rks 
dHkh jktuhfrd vkSj lkekftd dkWesaVªh osQ fy, fd;k tkrk gSA 
dkVZwu dbZ ckj galrs galkrs dbZ ,sls vuNq, vudgs lp dks 
mtkxj dj nsrk gS tks vkerkSj ij yksx dgus ls fgpfdpkrs gSaA 
fons'kh dkVZwu% fedh ekml] MksuYM Md] eksXyh] VkWe 
,.M tsjh] gh&eSu] iSaQVe] eSUMªSd] lqij&eSu] cSV~eSu] LikbMj 
eSu] vkphZt+ bR;kfnA
Hkkjrh; dkVZwu% pkpk pkSèkjh] lkcw] <Ccw th] fcYyw] 
ukxjkt] phVw&uhVw] phowQ] eksVw&iryw bR;kfnA
tkikuh dkVZwu% iksosQeksu] Mksjseksu] MsFk uksV] f'kupSu] 
uk#rks bR;kfnA
oSQfjosQpj% dkVZwu dh 'kSyh esa gh tc fdlh O;fDr ;k 
oLrq osQ fdlh vax ;k fgLls dk vfrjsd gksrk gS ;k mls 
foÑr fd;k tkrk gS] gkL; ;k O;aX; dk çHkko mRi djus 
osQ fy, rks mls oSQfjosQpj dgrs gSaA blesa fdlh O;fDrRo dh 
fdlh fo'ks"krk] xq.k ;k y{k.k dks vR;fèkd c<+k osQ etsnkj 
;k euksjatd cuk fn;k tkrk gSA vkerkSj ij ukd] vka•] 
gksaB] dku vkSj cky gh fdlh oSQfjosQpj dk f'kdkj curk gSA 
oSQfjosQpj dk mís'; vkerkSj ij fo"k; dh çeq• fo'ks"krkvksa] 
fofp=krkvksa] ;k fo"kerkvksa dks mtkxj djuk gksrk gSA 
dkWfeDl% dkWfeDl oks dyk gS ftlesa dgkfu;ksa] 
pfj=kksa] vkSj ?kVukvksa dks dkVZwu dh gh rjg js•kadu] 
fp=kdkjh vkSj 'kCnksa osQ la;kstu ls çLrqr fd;k tkrk gSA 
dkWfeDl esa ,d gh fdjnkj osQ fdLls dks NksVs&NksVs •.Mksa 
esa foHkkftr fd;k tkrk gS] ftUgsa ^iSuy* dgrs gSa] vkSj ;s 
iSuy lanHkZ] le; vkSj vko';drkuqlkj fdjnkj osQ lkFk 
?kVusokyh ?kVuk vkSj Hkkoksa dks n'kkZrs gSaA dkWfeDl osQ dbZ 
çdkj gSa lqijghjks dkWfeDl% ,slh dkWfed cqDl ftuesa 
vlkèkkj.k {kerkvksa vkSj iks'kkdksa okys ik=k gksrs gSa] tks 
cqjkbZ vkSj vU;k; osQ f•ykiQ yM+rs gSaA mnkgj.k% lqijeSu] 
LikbMj&eSu] cSVeSu] oaMj oqeu vkfnA 
eNyh] fdrkcksa tSlh phtksa osQ fp=kksa ls viuh vkÑfr;ka 
x<+uk 'kq: fd;kA nwj ls mudh isafVax] viuh vkÑfr;ka 
lkekU; yxrh Fkha] ij djhc tkus ij irk pyrk fd ukd 
rks ,d lCth gS vkSj xky rks ,d iQy gSA mudh bl 
dYiuk] muosQ vankt us vkusokys fnuksa esa lkfgR; vkSj dyk 
foKku dFkk vkSj dkYifud dkWfeDl% ,slh dkWfed 
cqDl tks dYiuk'khy vkSj Hkfo";ok.kh fLFkfr;ksa dk vUos"k.k 
djrh gSa] tSls varfj{k ;k=kk] ,fy;u vkØe.k] tknw] vkSj 
oSdfYid okLrfodrk,aA mnkgj.k% LVkj okWlZ] n okWfoaQx MsM] 
lkxk] lSaMeSu vkfnA 
gkWjj dkWfeDl% ,slh dkWfed cqDl tks Hkwr&çsr] jk{kl] 
fi'kkp] t+ksach] tSls Hk;kud vkSj fgald fo"k;ksa ij cukbZ 
tkrh gSaA mnkgj.k% n okWfoaQx MsM] gsyckW;] ykWd ,aM dh] 
CySd gksy vkfnA 
gkL; dkWfeDl% ,slh dkWfed cqDl tks gkL; vkSj 
O;aX; dk mi;ksx djosQ ikBdksa dks euksjatu djrh gSa] 
vDlj vfrjaftr] csrqdh fLFkfr;ksa vkSj ik=kksa dh dFkk 
dgrh gSaA mnkgj.k% ihuV~l] xkjiQhYM] oSQfYou vkSj gksCCl]  
n flEilUl vkfnA 
jksekal dkWfeDl% ,slh dkWfed cqDl tks ik=kksa osQ lacaèkksa 
vkSj Hkkoukvksa ij osaQfær gksrh gSaA buesa vfèkdrj pkgr] eqgCcr] 
csoiQkbZ] feyu] tqnkbZ] nksLrh dh dgkfu;ka gksrh gSaA mnkgj.k% 
vkphZ] LVªsatlZ bu iSjkMkbl] LdkWV fiyfxze] CySaosQV~l vkfnA 
cky dkWfeDl% ,slh dkWfed cqDl tks cky vkSj fd'kksj 
ikBdksa osQ fy, cM+s gh jkspd] vkd"kZd vkSj I;kjs ik=kksa 
dh ljy vkSj etsnkj dgkfu;ka dgrh gSa vkSj uSfrd f'k{kk] 
lcd Hkh nsrh gSaA 
mnkgj.k% vejfp=k dFkk] fVufVu] ,LVsfjDl vkfnA 
o;Ld dkWfeDl% ,slh dkWfed cqDl tks ifjiDo vkSj 
o;Ld ikBdksa osQ fy, cuk;h tkrh gSa] blesa vDlj lsDl] 
fgalk] u'kk] vijkèk] tklwlh tSls fo"k;ksa dh Hkjekj gksrh gS 
mnkgj.k% okWpesu] oh iQkWj osaMkVk] flu flVh] ekml vkfnA 
ekaxk dkWfeDl% ,slh dkWfed cqDl tks tkiku ls mRi 
gqbZ gSa] vkSj ,d fof'k‘ 'kSyh vkSj laLÑfr ls rkYyqd j•rh 
gSaA ekaxk dkWfeDl fofHk 'kSfy;ksa vkSj fo"k;ksa dks doj djrh 
gSa vkSj cM+h gh yksdfç; gSaA mnkgj.k% uk#rks] ou ihl] MªSxu 
ckWy] MsFk uksV vkfnA 
blosQ vykok Hkh ,fues dkWfeDl] oSdfYid dkWfeDl 
tSls dbZ çdkj osQ dkWfeDl cktkj esa miyCèk gSaA buesa ls 
oqQN Lo&çdkf'kr Hkh gSaA ?
dkWfeDl dSls dSls
49 ????? 2024
dks çHkkfor fd;kA bls Hkh dkVZwu dyk vkSj dkWfed fLVªIl 
dk çLFkku fcUnq ekuk tkrk gSA 16oha lnh osQ var vkSj 
17oha lnh osQ vkjaHk esa brkyoh dykdkj ,fucsy oSQjkph 
(Annibale Carracci) us iksVªZsV cukus dh foèkk dks u;k 
vk;ke fn;k] ftls rc nqfu;k oSQfjosQpj osQ uke ls tkurh 
Fkh vkSj vkt oks oSQfjosQpj osQ :i esa çfl¼ gSA
18oha lnh dh 'kq#vkr rd dkVZwu vkSj oSQfjosQpj dh 
;s dyk iwjs ;wjksi esa viuh tM+sa tek pqdh FkhA 19oha lnh 
osQ iwokZ¼Z esa ,d fLol oSQfjosQpj vkfVZLV] jksMksYiQ VkWiiQj 
us ^n ,sMosaplZ vkWiQ feLVj vkWcfM;kg vksYMcd* çdkf'kr 
fd;k] ftls vkt Hkh dkWfeDl osQ bfrgkl esa cM+k gh vge 
ntkZ fn;k tkrk gSA tc mUgksaus 1827 esa mUgksaus bl ij dke 
djuk 'kq: fd;k] rc blls tqM+h mudh dksbZ egRokdka{kk 
ugha Fkh] mUgksaus rks ;s vius djhch nksLrksa osQ euksjatu cukuk 
'kq: fd;k Fkk] mUgsa D;k irk Fkk fd ,d fnu ;s dyk dh 
vyx foèkk cu dj bruh çfl¼ gks tk,xhA lu~ 1841 esa 
gkL; vkSj O;aX; dh ,d if=kdk dk çdk'ku 'kq: gqvkA 
dgrs gSa yanu dh bl if=kdk esa igyh ckj dkVZwu 'kCn dk 
ç;ksx gqvk vkSj èkhjs&èkhjs ;s dkVZwuksa dh fo'o çfl¼ if=kdk 
cu x;hA 1895 esa fjpMZ ,iQ vkSVdYV osQ ^n ;syks fdM* 
vkSj mlosQ ckn ^cLVj czkmu* osQ dkVZwu fLVªIl dk çdk'ku 
'kq: gqvkA muosQ bl ;ksxnku osQ fy, mUgsa ekWMuZ dkWfeDl 
dk tud ekuk tkrk gSA 
;wa rks fNV&iqV :i ls dkVZwu dh laLÑfr Hkkjr igqap 
xbZ Fkh] fdUrq dkVZwu dh 'kq#vkr dk ySaMekdZ 1930 dks 
ekuk tkrk gS tc ;qok 'kadj fiYyS us vius dkVZwuksa ls eqacbZ 
esa èkwe epk nh FkhA ns'k xqyke Fkk vkSj muosQ dkVZwu fczfV'k 
gqowQer ij rat dlrs FksA eqacbZ osQ ^ckWEcs ØkWfudy* esa 
Nius okys muosQ dkVZwuksa dh nhokuxh c<+rh gh tk jgh FkhA 
eqacbZ ls fudy dj mudh yksdfç;rk ns'k osQ nwljs fgLls esa 
igqapus yxh FkhA 1948 esa mUgksaus ^'kadlZ ohdyh* uke dh 
,d if=kdk Hkh 'kq: dhA     
1930 ls 1950 osQ n'kd osQ chp] fons'kksa esa lqijeSu] 
cSVeSu vkSj oaMj oqeu tSls lqijghjks dk tUe gqvk] 
ftUgksaus dkWfeDl dks ,d vyx edke fn;kA blh nkSj esa 
ekoZsy dkWfeDl dk mn; gqvk] ftlus vkus okys o"kks± esa 
LikbMj&eSu] n ,Dl eSu] vk;ju eSu] CySd iSaFkj] ,saV&eSu] 
MkWDVj LVªsat] MsMiwy] gYd] FkkWj] oSQIVu ekoZsy oSQIVu 
vesfjdk vkSj n áweu VkWpZ tSls ik=kksa ls nqfu;k dk ifjp; 
djk;kA 1939 esa ftl 'k[l us ^ekoZy dkWfeDl* dh LFkkiuk 
Page 4


47 ????? 2024
dFkk dkWfeDl dh
jr esa dkWfeDl dh ,slh yksdfç;rk dh uhao 
20oha lnh osQ iwokZ¼Z esa lqoqQekj jk; viuh 
cky if=kdk ^lans'k* esa j• pqosQ FksA if'pe 
caxky osQ ç[;kr fiQYe fuekZrk funZs'kd lR;ftr jk; osQ 
firk lqoqQekj jk; osQ }kjk cukbZ vkSj çdkf'kr ^d#.kkeksbZ 
jkuh j'keksf.k* dkWfed fLVªi dks vDlj Hkkjr osQ igys 
dkWfed fLVªi dk eku fn;k tkrk gSA 
fdUrq fp=kksa osQ lkFk 'kCnksa dks feykdj laokn ;k 
dFkkdkjh dh ;s ijaijk 'kq: oSQls gqbZ\ bldk dksbZ 
,sfrgkfld nLrkost rks ugha feyrk] ij ,slk ekuk tkrk 
gS fd ekuo çtkfr osQ lkFk&lkFk bldk Hkh dkyØe esa 
fodkl gqvk gSA 
viuh vfHkO;fDr dks] viuh dgkfu;ksa dks tc ewrZ 
djus dh vko';drk iM+h] rks balku us fHkfÙkfp=k] ikr 
fp=k] èkkrq] iRFkj] dk’ ij viuh dyk dks mosQjuk 'kq: 
fd;k vkSj mls vfèkd çHkko'kkyh cukus dk u;k ekè;e 
u;h rduhd Hkh <wa<rk jgkA 16oha lnh osQ 'kq#vkrh fnuksa esa 
bVyh osQ ikWyheSFk] egku fp=kdkj] vkfo"dkjd] laxhrdkj 
fy;ksuknksZ nk foaph (Leonardo da Vinci) ,d fnu ,d 
flDosQ dks ns• jgs Fks] mlesa fdlh jktk osQ psgjs dh Nfo 
mosQjh xbZ FkhA f?klus osQ dkj.k ;k njkj iM+us osQ dkj.k oks 
psgjk T;knk fnypLi] T;knk vljnkj yx jgk FkkA muosQ 
dkSrwgy us mUgsa th.kZ flDdksa ij foÑr gks jgs psgjksa dk 
vè;;u djk;kA mlosQ ckn mUgksaus viuh isafVax esa psgjksa dks 
Hkk
va'kqekyh >k
iVdFkk ys[ku dh ,d daiuh ^fLØIVokyk* osQ iQkmaMj] funsZ'kd ,oa fiNys 30 lkyksa ls Vsyhfotu ds fofHkUu pSuyksa 
gsrq foKkiuksa vkSj dbZ czkaM~l osQ fy, dk;Z fd;k gSA bZesy% anshumali@scriptwalla.com
48 ????? 2024
foÑr djosQ vfèkd çHkko'kkyh cukus dk ç;ksx 'kq: fd;kA 
;gh dkVZwu oSQfjosQpj] dkWfeDl tSlh dyk dk mn~xe ;k 
çsjd fcUnq ekuk tkrk gSA
1560 osQ nkSj esa ,d brkyoh fp=kdkj X;wlsi vkfdZcksYMks 
(Giuseppe Arcimboldo) us iwQyksa] lfCt;ksa] iQyksa] eqxhZ] 
dkVZwu% fp=kdyk dh oks foèkk gS ftlesa etsnkj rjhosQ ls 
fdlh Hkh ckr dk] fo"k; dk] O;fDr dk] ifjos'k dk fp=k.k 
fd;k tkrk gS vkSj mls vljnkj cukus osQ fy, oqQN 'kCnksa 
dk Hkh ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA dkVZwu dk bLrseky dHkh dFkk 
dgus osQ fy,] euksjatu osQ fy,] gkL; O;aX; osQ fy, rks 
dHkh jktuhfrd vkSj lkekftd dkWesaVªh osQ fy, fd;k tkrk gSA 
dkVZwu dbZ ckj galrs galkrs dbZ ,sls vuNq, vudgs lp dks 
mtkxj dj nsrk gS tks vkerkSj ij yksx dgus ls fgpfdpkrs gSaA 
fons'kh dkVZwu% fedh ekml] MksuYM Md] eksXyh] VkWe 
,.M tsjh] gh&eSu] iSaQVe] eSUMªSd] lqij&eSu] cSV~eSu] LikbMj 
eSu] vkphZt+ bR;kfnA
Hkkjrh; dkVZwu% pkpk pkSèkjh] lkcw] <Ccw th] fcYyw] 
ukxjkt] phVw&uhVw] phowQ] eksVw&iryw bR;kfnA
tkikuh dkVZwu% iksosQeksu] Mksjseksu] MsFk uksV] f'kupSu] 
uk#rks bR;kfnA
oSQfjosQpj% dkVZwu dh 'kSyh esa gh tc fdlh O;fDr ;k 
oLrq osQ fdlh vax ;k fgLls dk vfrjsd gksrk gS ;k mls 
foÑr fd;k tkrk gS] gkL; ;k O;aX; dk çHkko mRi djus 
osQ fy, rks mls oSQfjosQpj dgrs gSaA blesa fdlh O;fDrRo dh 
fdlh fo'ks"krk] xq.k ;k y{k.k dks vR;fèkd c<+k osQ etsnkj 
;k euksjatd cuk fn;k tkrk gSA vkerkSj ij ukd] vka•] 
gksaB] dku vkSj cky gh fdlh oSQfjosQpj dk f'kdkj curk gSA 
oSQfjosQpj dk mís'; vkerkSj ij fo"k; dh çeq• fo'ks"krkvksa] 
fofp=krkvksa] ;k fo"kerkvksa dks mtkxj djuk gksrk gSA 
dkWfeDl% dkWfeDl oks dyk gS ftlesa dgkfu;ksa] 
pfj=kksa] vkSj ?kVukvksa dks dkVZwu dh gh rjg js•kadu] 
fp=kdkjh vkSj 'kCnksa osQ la;kstu ls çLrqr fd;k tkrk gSA 
dkWfeDl esa ,d gh fdjnkj osQ fdLls dks NksVs&NksVs •.Mksa 
esa foHkkftr fd;k tkrk gS] ftUgsa ^iSuy* dgrs gSa] vkSj ;s 
iSuy lanHkZ] le; vkSj vko';drkuqlkj fdjnkj osQ lkFk 
?kVusokyh ?kVuk vkSj Hkkoksa dks n'kkZrs gSaA dkWfeDl osQ dbZ 
çdkj gSa lqijghjks dkWfeDl% ,slh dkWfed cqDl ftuesa 
vlkèkkj.k {kerkvksa vkSj iks'kkdksa okys ik=k gksrs gSa] tks 
cqjkbZ vkSj vU;k; osQ f•ykiQ yM+rs gSaA mnkgj.k% lqijeSu] 
LikbMj&eSu] cSVeSu] oaMj oqeu vkfnA 
eNyh] fdrkcksa tSlh phtksa osQ fp=kksa ls viuh vkÑfr;ka 
x<+uk 'kq: fd;kA nwj ls mudh isafVax] viuh vkÑfr;ka 
lkekU; yxrh Fkha] ij djhc tkus ij irk pyrk fd ukd 
rks ,d lCth gS vkSj xky rks ,d iQy gSA mudh bl 
dYiuk] muosQ vankt us vkusokys fnuksa esa lkfgR; vkSj dyk 
foKku dFkk vkSj dkYifud dkWfeDl% ,slh dkWfed 
cqDl tks dYiuk'khy vkSj Hkfo";ok.kh fLFkfr;ksa dk vUos"k.k 
djrh gSa] tSls varfj{k ;k=kk] ,fy;u vkØe.k] tknw] vkSj 
oSdfYid okLrfodrk,aA mnkgj.k% LVkj okWlZ] n okWfoaQx MsM] 
lkxk] lSaMeSu vkfnA 
gkWjj dkWfeDl% ,slh dkWfed cqDl tks Hkwr&çsr] jk{kl] 
fi'kkp] t+ksach] tSls Hk;kud vkSj fgald fo"k;ksa ij cukbZ 
tkrh gSaA mnkgj.k% n okWfoaQx MsM] gsyckW;] ykWd ,aM dh] 
CySd gksy vkfnA 
gkL; dkWfeDl% ,slh dkWfed cqDl tks gkL; vkSj 
O;aX; dk mi;ksx djosQ ikBdksa dks euksjatu djrh gSa] 
vDlj vfrjaftr] csrqdh fLFkfr;ksa vkSj ik=kksa dh dFkk 
dgrh gSaA mnkgj.k% ihuV~l] xkjiQhYM] oSQfYou vkSj gksCCl]  
n flEilUl vkfnA 
jksekal dkWfeDl% ,slh dkWfed cqDl tks ik=kksa osQ lacaèkksa 
vkSj Hkkoukvksa ij osaQfær gksrh gSaA buesa vfèkdrj pkgr] eqgCcr] 
csoiQkbZ] feyu] tqnkbZ] nksLrh dh dgkfu;ka gksrh gSaA mnkgj.k% 
vkphZ] LVªsatlZ bu iSjkMkbl] LdkWV fiyfxze] CySaosQV~l vkfnA 
cky dkWfeDl% ,slh dkWfed cqDl tks cky vkSj fd'kksj 
ikBdksa osQ fy, cM+s gh jkspd] vkd"kZd vkSj I;kjs ik=kksa 
dh ljy vkSj etsnkj dgkfu;ka dgrh gSa vkSj uSfrd f'k{kk] 
lcd Hkh nsrh gSaA 
mnkgj.k% vejfp=k dFkk] fVufVu] ,LVsfjDl vkfnA 
o;Ld dkWfeDl% ,slh dkWfed cqDl tks ifjiDo vkSj 
o;Ld ikBdksa osQ fy, cuk;h tkrh gSa] blesa vDlj lsDl] 
fgalk] u'kk] vijkèk] tklwlh tSls fo"k;ksa dh Hkjekj gksrh gS 
mnkgj.k% okWpesu] oh iQkWj osaMkVk] flu flVh] ekml vkfnA 
ekaxk dkWfeDl% ,slh dkWfed cqDl tks tkiku ls mRi 
gqbZ gSa] vkSj ,d fof'k‘ 'kSyh vkSj laLÑfr ls rkYyqd j•rh 
gSaA ekaxk dkWfeDl fofHk 'kSfy;ksa vkSj fo"k;ksa dks doj djrh 
gSa vkSj cM+h gh yksdfç; gSaA mnkgj.k% uk#rks] ou ihl] MªSxu 
ckWy] MsFk uksV vkfnA 
blosQ vykok Hkh ,fues dkWfeDl] oSdfYid dkWfeDl 
tSls dbZ çdkj osQ dkWfeDl cktkj esa miyCèk gSaA buesa ls 
oqQN Lo&çdkf'kr Hkh gSaA ?
dkWfeDl dSls dSls
49 ????? 2024
dks çHkkfor fd;kA bls Hkh dkVZwu dyk vkSj dkWfed fLVªIl 
dk çLFkku fcUnq ekuk tkrk gSA 16oha lnh osQ var vkSj 
17oha lnh osQ vkjaHk esa brkyoh dykdkj ,fucsy oSQjkph 
(Annibale Carracci) us iksVªZsV cukus dh foèkk dks u;k 
vk;ke fn;k] ftls rc nqfu;k oSQfjosQpj osQ uke ls tkurh 
Fkh vkSj vkt oks oSQfjosQpj osQ :i esa çfl¼ gSA
18oha lnh dh 'kq#vkr rd dkVZwu vkSj oSQfjosQpj dh 
;s dyk iwjs ;wjksi esa viuh tM+sa tek pqdh FkhA 19oha lnh 
osQ iwokZ¼Z esa ,d fLol oSQfjosQpj vkfVZLV] jksMksYiQ VkWiiQj 
us ^n ,sMosaplZ vkWiQ feLVj vkWcfM;kg vksYMcd* çdkf'kr 
fd;k] ftls vkt Hkh dkWfeDl osQ bfrgkl esa cM+k gh vge 
ntkZ fn;k tkrk gSA tc mUgksaus 1827 esa mUgksaus bl ij dke 
djuk 'kq: fd;k] rc blls tqM+h mudh dksbZ egRokdka{kk 
ugha Fkh] mUgksaus rks ;s vius djhch nksLrksa osQ euksjatu cukuk 
'kq: fd;k Fkk] mUgsa D;k irk Fkk fd ,d fnu ;s dyk dh 
vyx foèkk cu dj bruh çfl¼ gks tk,xhA lu~ 1841 esa 
gkL; vkSj O;aX; dh ,d if=kdk dk çdk'ku 'kq: gqvkA 
dgrs gSa yanu dh bl if=kdk esa igyh ckj dkVZwu 'kCn dk 
ç;ksx gqvk vkSj èkhjs&èkhjs ;s dkVZwuksa dh fo'o çfl¼ if=kdk 
cu x;hA 1895 esa fjpMZ ,iQ vkSVdYV osQ ^n ;syks fdM* 
vkSj mlosQ ckn ^cLVj czkmu* osQ dkVZwu fLVªIl dk çdk'ku 
'kq: gqvkA muosQ bl ;ksxnku osQ fy, mUgsa ekWMuZ dkWfeDl 
dk tud ekuk tkrk gSA 
;wa rks fNV&iqV :i ls dkVZwu dh laLÑfr Hkkjr igqap 
xbZ Fkh] fdUrq dkVZwu dh 'kq#vkr dk ySaMekdZ 1930 dks 
ekuk tkrk gS tc ;qok 'kadj fiYyS us vius dkVZwuksa ls eqacbZ 
esa èkwe epk nh FkhA ns'k xqyke Fkk vkSj muosQ dkVZwu fczfV'k 
gqowQer ij rat dlrs FksA eqacbZ osQ ^ckWEcs ØkWfudy* esa 
Nius okys muosQ dkVZwuksa dh nhokuxh c<+rh gh tk jgh FkhA 
eqacbZ ls fudy dj mudh yksdfç;rk ns'k osQ nwljs fgLls esa 
igqapus yxh FkhA 1948 esa mUgksaus ^'kadlZ ohdyh* uke dh 
,d if=kdk Hkh 'kq: dhA     
1930 ls 1950 osQ n'kd osQ chp] fons'kksa esa lqijeSu] 
cSVeSu vkSj oaMj oqeu tSls lqijghjks dk tUe gqvk] 
ftUgksaus dkWfeDl dks ,d vyx edke fn;kA blh nkSj esa 
ekoZsy dkWfeDl dk mn; gqvk] ftlus vkus okys o"kks± esa 
LikbMj&eSu] n ,Dl eSu] vk;ju eSu] CySd iSaFkj] ,saV&eSu] 
MkWDVj LVªsat] MsMiwy] gYd] FkkWj] oSQIVu ekoZsy oSQIVu 
vesfjdk vkSj n áweu VkWpZ tSls ik=kksa ls nqfu;k dk ifjp; 
djk;kA 1939 esa ftl 'k[l us ^ekoZy dkWfeDl* dh LFkkiuk 
50 ????? 2024
dh os Fks ekfVZu xqMeSuA 
vc rd Hkkjr osQ v•ckjksa esa dkVZwu vkSj dkWfed 
fLVªIl Nius yxs FksA 1947 esa ch- ukxh jsM~Mh vkSj pØik.kh 
us ,d ekfld if=kdk ^pankekek* dk çdk'ku 'kq: fd;kA 
blesa dkWfed fLVªi osQ :i esa Hkkjrh; ikSjkf.kd] yksddFkk 
vkSj ,sfrgkfld dgkfu;ka çdkf'kr gksus yxhaA 
o"kZ 1960 osQ n'kd esa] tc yh iQkYd }kjk cukbZ xbZ n 
iSaQVe dkWfed fLVªi Hkkjr esa cgqr çfl¼ gks xbZ] rks mldk 
dkWihjkbV ysdj vuar ibZ vkSj oqQN vU; yksxksa us bUgsa dkWfed 
cqd osQ :i esa 1964 esa çdkf'kr djuk 'kq: fd;kA bldk 
uke j•k ^baætky dkWfeDl*A n iSaQVe cuk osrky vkSj mldh 
dgkfu;ksa dks bl iQkWeZsV esa fiQV djus osQ fy, laikfnr fd;k 
x;k] iSaQVe vkSj mldh çsfedk Mk;uk osQ pqacu lhu dks 
fudky fn;k x;kA blosQ ckn rks baætky dkWfeDl us eSUMªSd] 
ÝyS'k xkWMZu] fji fdjch] xkFkZ tSls fdjnkjksa dks Nki&Nki dj 
iwjs Hkkjr dk pgsrk cu x;kA ij baætky dkWfeDl ds ckn 
,d vkSj fdjnkj Fkk cgknqj] tks Hkkjrh; FkkA mUgsa tUe fn;k 
Fkk dkVZwfuLV vkSj ys•d vkfcn lqjrh us tks èkeZ;qx uke dh 
if=kdk esa Nius okys vius dkVZwu fLVªi ^dkVZwu dksuk <Ccw th* 
osQ fy, dkiQh e'kgwj FksA
blh chp 1967 esa ,d cM+k gh fnypLi okd;k gqvk] 
ftlus Hkkjrh; dkWfeDl dh nqfu;k esa Økafr dh uhao j•hA 
vuar ibZ nwjn'kZu ij ,d fDot+ 'kks ns• jgs Fks] ftlesa Hkkx 
ysus okys cPps xzhd ikSjkf.kd dFkkvksa ls lacafèkr ç'uksa dk 
vklkuh ls mÙkj ns jgs Fks] ysfdu os vius bfrgkl] ikSjkf.kd 
dFkkvksa vkSj yksddFkkvksa ls lacafèkr ç'uksa dk tokc ugha ns 
ik jgs FksA mudh gSjkuh dh lhek ugha jghA bldk urhtk ;s 
gqvk dh vuar ibZ us baætky dkWfeDl NksM+ fn;k] r; fd;k 
fd os Hkkjr dh ikSjkf.kd] ,sfrgkfld] èkkfeZd vkSj yksd 
dFkkvksa dk ,d dkWfeDl 'kq: djsaxsA vkSj bl rjg tUe 
gqvk ^vej fp=k dFkk* dkA vej fp=k dFkk esa Nih igyh 
Hkkjrh; dkWfed Ñ".k dh Fkh vkSj 1970 osQ n'kd osQ var 
rd] bldh yxHkx 50 yk• dkWfi;ka çfr o"kZ fcdrh Fkha 
vkSj ,d eghus esa yxHkx 700]000 mPpre forj.k la[;k 
Hkh blus gkfly dh FkhA
fons'kksa esa viuk cM+k iSQu csl cukus osQ ckn 1970 
vkSj 1980 osQ n'kd esa vkphZ dkWfeDl us Hkkjr esa viuh 
tM+sa tek yhA vkphZ dkWfeDl us 'kgjh ;qokvksa dks vesfjdh 
thou'kSyh] gkL; vkSj jksekal ls feyk;k] vkSj muosQ ikWi 
dYpj dk fgLlk cu x;kA blus u fliQZ vkxkeh Vhoh 'kks 
vkSj fiQYeksa dks çHkkfor fd;k] cfYd blij gky esa ,d 
fiQYe Hkh cu xbZA  
fiNys Ng n'kdksa osQ nkSjku Mk;eaM dkWfeDl] jkt 
dkWfeDl] fVady vkSj vej fp=k dFkk us fo'kky forj.k 
usVodZ dh LFkkiuk dh gS vkSj ;s ns'kHkj esa yk•ksa cPpksa  
}kjk fofHk Hkk"kkvksa esa i<+s tkrs gSaA Hkkjrh; çfl¼ dkWfed 
fuekZrkvksa esa çrki efyd] panw] gjfoanj eudkj] lq•oar 
dylh] vuqie flUgk] vkfcn lqjrh] vady ibZ] dkVZwfuLV 
çk.k] uhjn tSlh vU; dbZ 'kf[l;r 'kjhd gSaA vkSj çfl¼ 
dkVZwu oSQjDVjksa dh ckr djsa rks pkpk pkSèkjh] cgknqj] phowQ] 
eksVw iryw] ukxjkt] lqij dekaMks èkzqo] Mksxk] lqIiaMh] fcYyw 
vkSj Hkh dbZ 'kkfey gSaA ^vady ibZ* osQ :i esa çfl¼ 
vuar ibZ osQ vej fp=k dFkk dkWfeDl dh ikWiqyfjVh dk ;s 
vkye gS fd gky gh esa mlosQ fofMvks jkbV~l djksM+ksa esa 
,d oaQiuh us •jhns gSaA
20oha lnh esa dkWfeDl dh ikWiqyfjVh osQ nkSjku xzkfiQd 
ukWosy@miU;kl dk Hkh çpyu 'kq: gqvkA ;s dkWfeDl dh 
rjg de iÂksa dh ugha gksrh gSA ,slk ekuk tkrk gS fd 
dkWfeDl osQ ikBd cPps vkSj fd'kksj o; osQ gksrs gSa] exj 
xzkfiQd ukWosy ifjiDo n'kZdksa osQ fy, çdkf'kr dh tkrh 
gS xaHkhj lkfgfR;d fo"k;ksa vkSj ifj"Ñr dykÑfr osQ lkFkA 
1990 osQ n'kd esa Vsyhfotu dh c<+rh yksdfç;rk vkSj 
ohfM;ks xsEl osQ vkxeu osQ dkj.k Hkkjr esa dkWfed cqDl 
dk çpyu de gksus yxkA dbZ dkWfeDl can gks x, ij oqQN 
çdk'kdksa us dkWfed cqDl cukuk vkSj forfjr djuk tkjh 
j•k] ftuesa u, vkSj iqjkus ik=k Fks] tSls Mksxk] lqij dekaMks 
èkzqo] 'kfDr vkSj ra=kh n ea=khA ;s dkWfed cqDl eq[; :i 
ls fganh vkSj vaxzsth esa miyCèk Fkha] ,d fuf'pr cktkj dks 
yf{kr djrh FkhaA
2000 osQ ckn Hkkjr esa vkbZ baVjusV Økafr us dkWfed 
cqDl vkSj xzkfiQd ukWosYl dks iquthZou fn;k dbZ Lora=k 
vkSj oSdfYid dkWfed cqd fuekZrk mHkjus yxs] fofoèk vkSj 
ledkyhu fo"k;ksa tSls lkekftd U;k;] lsDlqvfyVh] dk 
mn; gqvkA dkWfed cqDl vkSj xzkfiQd ukWosYl vaxzsth vkSj 
vU; Hkk"kkvksa] fganh] mnZw vkSj caxkyh esa vkWuykbu osclkbV 
ij çdkf'kr vkSj miyCèk gksus yxsA Lo;a çdkf'kr djus 
dk Hkh fodYi fey x;kA vkfVZfi+Qf'k;y bUVsfytsUl Hkh 
bl dyk dks ,d vyx edke rd ys tkus dk oknk dj 
jgk gSA fiNys nks rhu n'kdksa esa bu dkWfed cqDl fdjnkjksa 
ij cuh fiQYeksa us cgqr equkiQk dek;k gSA ;gh otg gS 
fd fiNys oqQN o"kks± esa Xykscy dkWfed cqd cktkj dk 
vkdkj c<+rk gh tk jgk gSA fo'ks"kKksa dk ekuuk gS fd 
2023 esa 16-05 vjc MkWyj dh ;s baMLVªh c<+dj 2030 rd  
22-37 vjc MkWyj dh gks tk,xhA vkt fo'o dks bart+kj gS 
u;s dkWfed fdjnkjksa dk lqijghjks dk tks bl dYiuk dks 
vatke ns losQA                                  ?
Page 5


47 ????? 2024
dFkk dkWfeDl dh
jr esa dkWfeDl dh ,slh yksdfç;rk dh uhao 
20oha lnh osQ iwokZ¼Z esa lqoqQekj jk; viuh 
cky if=kdk ^lans'k* esa j• pqosQ FksA if'pe 
caxky osQ ç[;kr fiQYe fuekZrk funZs'kd lR;ftr jk; osQ 
firk lqoqQekj jk; osQ }kjk cukbZ vkSj çdkf'kr ^d#.kkeksbZ 
jkuh j'keksf.k* dkWfed fLVªi dks vDlj Hkkjr osQ igys 
dkWfed fLVªi dk eku fn;k tkrk gSA 
fdUrq fp=kksa osQ lkFk 'kCnksa dks feykdj laokn ;k 
dFkkdkjh dh ;s ijaijk 'kq: oSQls gqbZ\ bldk dksbZ 
,sfrgkfld nLrkost rks ugha feyrk] ij ,slk ekuk tkrk 
gS fd ekuo çtkfr osQ lkFk&lkFk bldk Hkh dkyØe esa 
fodkl gqvk gSA 
viuh vfHkO;fDr dks] viuh dgkfu;ksa dks tc ewrZ 
djus dh vko';drk iM+h] rks balku us fHkfÙkfp=k] ikr 
fp=k] èkkrq] iRFkj] dk’ ij viuh dyk dks mosQjuk 'kq: 
fd;k vkSj mls vfèkd çHkko'kkyh cukus dk u;k ekè;e 
u;h rduhd Hkh <wa<rk jgkA 16oha lnh osQ 'kq#vkrh fnuksa esa 
bVyh osQ ikWyheSFk] egku fp=kdkj] vkfo"dkjd] laxhrdkj 
fy;ksuknksZ nk foaph (Leonardo da Vinci) ,d fnu ,d 
flDosQ dks ns• jgs Fks] mlesa fdlh jktk osQ psgjs dh Nfo 
mosQjh xbZ FkhA f?klus osQ dkj.k ;k njkj iM+us osQ dkj.k oks 
psgjk T;knk fnypLi] T;knk vljnkj yx jgk FkkA muosQ 
dkSrwgy us mUgsa th.kZ flDdksa ij foÑr gks jgs psgjksa dk 
vè;;u djk;kA mlosQ ckn mUgksaus viuh isafVax esa psgjksa dks 
Hkk
va'kqekyh >k
iVdFkk ys[ku dh ,d daiuh ^fLØIVokyk* osQ iQkmaMj] funsZ'kd ,oa fiNys 30 lkyksa ls Vsyhfotu ds fofHkUu pSuyksa 
gsrq foKkiuksa vkSj dbZ czkaM~l osQ fy, dk;Z fd;k gSA bZesy% anshumali@scriptwalla.com
48 ????? 2024
foÑr djosQ vfèkd çHkko'kkyh cukus dk ç;ksx 'kq: fd;kA 
;gh dkVZwu oSQfjosQpj] dkWfeDl tSlh dyk dk mn~xe ;k 
çsjd fcUnq ekuk tkrk gSA
1560 osQ nkSj esa ,d brkyoh fp=kdkj X;wlsi vkfdZcksYMks 
(Giuseppe Arcimboldo) us iwQyksa] lfCt;ksa] iQyksa] eqxhZ] 
dkVZwu% fp=kdyk dh oks foèkk gS ftlesa etsnkj rjhosQ ls 
fdlh Hkh ckr dk] fo"k; dk] O;fDr dk] ifjos'k dk fp=k.k 
fd;k tkrk gS vkSj mls vljnkj cukus osQ fy, oqQN 'kCnksa 
dk Hkh ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA dkVZwu dk bLrseky dHkh dFkk 
dgus osQ fy,] euksjatu osQ fy,] gkL; O;aX; osQ fy, rks 
dHkh jktuhfrd vkSj lkekftd dkWesaVªh osQ fy, fd;k tkrk gSA 
dkVZwu dbZ ckj galrs galkrs dbZ ,sls vuNq, vudgs lp dks 
mtkxj dj nsrk gS tks vkerkSj ij yksx dgus ls fgpfdpkrs gSaA 
fons'kh dkVZwu% fedh ekml] MksuYM Md] eksXyh] VkWe 
,.M tsjh] gh&eSu] iSaQVe] eSUMªSd] lqij&eSu] cSV~eSu] LikbMj 
eSu] vkphZt+ bR;kfnA
Hkkjrh; dkVZwu% pkpk pkSèkjh] lkcw] <Ccw th] fcYyw] 
ukxjkt] phVw&uhVw] phowQ] eksVw&iryw bR;kfnA
tkikuh dkVZwu% iksosQeksu] Mksjseksu] MsFk uksV] f'kupSu] 
uk#rks bR;kfnA
oSQfjosQpj% dkVZwu dh 'kSyh esa gh tc fdlh O;fDr ;k 
oLrq osQ fdlh vax ;k fgLls dk vfrjsd gksrk gS ;k mls 
foÑr fd;k tkrk gS] gkL; ;k O;aX; dk çHkko mRi djus 
osQ fy, rks mls oSQfjosQpj dgrs gSaA blesa fdlh O;fDrRo dh 
fdlh fo'ks"krk] xq.k ;k y{k.k dks vR;fèkd c<+k osQ etsnkj 
;k euksjatd cuk fn;k tkrk gSA vkerkSj ij ukd] vka•] 
gksaB] dku vkSj cky gh fdlh oSQfjosQpj dk f'kdkj curk gSA 
oSQfjosQpj dk mís'; vkerkSj ij fo"k; dh çeq• fo'ks"krkvksa] 
fofp=krkvksa] ;k fo"kerkvksa dks mtkxj djuk gksrk gSA 
dkWfeDl% dkWfeDl oks dyk gS ftlesa dgkfu;ksa] 
pfj=kksa] vkSj ?kVukvksa dks dkVZwu dh gh rjg js•kadu] 
fp=kdkjh vkSj 'kCnksa osQ la;kstu ls çLrqr fd;k tkrk gSA 
dkWfeDl esa ,d gh fdjnkj osQ fdLls dks NksVs&NksVs •.Mksa 
esa foHkkftr fd;k tkrk gS] ftUgsa ^iSuy* dgrs gSa] vkSj ;s 
iSuy lanHkZ] le; vkSj vko';drkuqlkj fdjnkj osQ lkFk 
?kVusokyh ?kVuk vkSj Hkkoksa dks n'kkZrs gSaA dkWfeDl osQ dbZ 
çdkj gSa lqijghjks dkWfeDl% ,slh dkWfed cqDl ftuesa 
vlkèkkj.k {kerkvksa vkSj iks'kkdksa okys ik=k gksrs gSa] tks 
cqjkbZ vkSj vU;k; osQ f•ykiQ yM+rs gSaA mnkgj.k% lqijeSu] 
LikbMj&eSu] cSVeSu] oaMj oqeu vkfnA 
eNyh] fdrkcksa tSlh phtksa osQ fp=kksa ls viuh vkÑfr;ka 
x<+uk 'kq: fd;kA nwj ls mudh isafVax] viuh vkÑfr;ka 
lkekU; yxrh Fkha] ij djhc tkus ij irk pyrk fd ukd 
rks ,d lCth gS vkSj xky rks ,d iQy gSA mudh bl 
dYiuk] muosQ vankt us vkusokys fnuksa esa lkfgR; vkSj dyk 
foKku dFkk vkSj dkYifud dkWfeDl% ,slh dkWfed 
cqDl tks dYiuk'khy vkSj Hkfo";ok.kh fLFkfr;ksa dk vUos"k.k 
djrh gSa] tSls varfj{k ;k=kk] ,fy;u vkØe.k] tknw] vkSj 
oSdfYid okLrfodrk,aA mnkgj.k% LVkj okWlZ] n okWfoaQx MsM] 
lkxk] lSaMeSu vkfnA 
gkWjj dkWfeDl% ,slh dkWfed cqDl tks Hkwr&çsr] jk{kl] 
fi'kkp] t+ksach] tSls Hk;kud vkSj fgald fo"k;ksa ij cukbZ 
tkrh gSaA mnkgj.k% n okWfoaQx MsM] gsyckW;] ykWd ,aM dh] 
CySd gksy vkfnA 
gkL; dkWfeDl% ,slh dkWfed cqDl tks gkL; vkSj 
O;aX; dk mi;ksx djosQ ikBdksa dks euksjatu djrh gSa] 
vDlj vfrjaftr] csrqdh fLFkfr;ksa vkSj ik=kksa dh dFkk 
dgrh gSaA mnkgj.k% ihuV~l] xkjiQhYM] oSQfYou vkSj gksCCl]  
n flEilUl vkfnA 
jksekal dkWfeDl% ,slh dkWfed cqDl tks ik=kksa osQ lacaèkksa 
vkSj Hkkoukvksa ij osaQfær gksrh gSaA buesa vfèkdrj pkgr] eqgCcr] 
csoiQkbZ] feyu] tqnkbZ] nksLrh dh dgkfu;ka gksrh gSaA mnkgj.k% 
vkphZ] LVªsatlZ bu iSjkMkbl] LdkWV fiyfxze] CySaosQV~l vkfnA 
cky dkWfeDl% ,slh dkWfed cqDl tks cky vkSj fd'kksj 
ikBdksa osQ fy, cM+s gh jkspd] vkd"kZd vkSj I;kjs ik=kksa 
dh ljy vkSj etsnkj dgkfu;ka dgrh gSa vkSj uSfrd f'k{kk] 
lcd Hkh nsrh gSaA 
mnkgj.k% vejfp=k dFkk] fVufVu] ,LVsfjDl vkfnA 
o;Ld dkWfeDl% ,slh dkWfed cqDl tks ifjiDo vkSj 
o;Ld ikBdksa osQ fy, cuk;h tkrh gSa] blesa vDlj lsDl] 
fgalk] u'kk] vijkèk] tklwlh tSls fo"k;ksa dh Hkjekj gksrh gS 
mnkgj.k% okWpesu] oh iQkWj osaMkVk] flu flVh] ekml vkfnA 
ekaxk dkWfeDl% ,slh dkWfed cqDl tks tkiku ls mRi 
gqbZ gSa] vkSj ,d fof'k‘ 'kSyh vkSj laLÑfr ls rkYyqd j•rh 
gSaA ekaxk dkWfeDl fofHk 'kSfy;ksa vkSj fo"k;ksa dks doj djrh 
gSa vkSj cM+h gh yksdfç; gSaA mnkgj.k% uk#rks] ou ihl] MªSxu 
ckWy] MsFk uksV vkfnA 
blosQ vykok Hkh ,fues dkWfeDl] oSdfYid dkWfeDl 
tSls dbZ çdkj osQ dkWfeDl cktkj esa miyCèk gSaA buesa ls 
oqQN Lo&çdkf'kr Hkh gSaA ?
dkWfeDl dSls dSls
49 ????? 2024
dks çHkkfor fd;kA bls Hkh dkVZwu dyk vkSj dkWfed fLVªIl 
dk çLFkku fcUnq ekuk tkrk gSA 16oha lnh osQ var vkSj 
17oha lnh osQ vkjaHk esa brkyoh dykdkj ,fucsy oSQjkph 
(Annibale Carracci) us iksVªZsV cukus dh foèkk dks u;k 
vk;ke fn;k] ftls rc nqfu;k oSQfjosQpj osQ uke ls tkurh 
Fkh vkSj vkt oks oSQfjosQpj osQ :i esa çfl¼ gSA
18oha lnh dh 'kq#vkr rd dkVZwu vkSj oSQfjosQpj dh 
;s dyk iwjs ;wjksi esa viuh tM+sa tek pqdh FkhA 19oha lnh 
osQ iwokZ¼Z esa ,d fLol oSQfjosQpj vkfVZLV] jksMksYiQ VkWiiQj 
us ^n ,sMosaplZ vkWiQ feLVj vkWcfM;kg vksYMcd* çdkf'kr 
fd;k] ftls vkt Hkh dkWfeDl osQ bfrgkl esa cM+k gh vge 
ntkZ fn;k tkrk gSA tc mUgksaus 1827 esa mUgksaus bl ij dke 
djuk 'kq: fd;k] rc blls tqM+h mudh dksbZ egRokdka{kk 
ugha Fkh] mUgksaus rks ;s vius djhch nksLrksa osQ euksjatu cukuk 
'kq: fd;k Fkk] mUgsa D;k irk Fkk fd ,d fnu ;s dyk dh 
vyx foèkk cu dj bruh çfl¼ gks tk,xhA lu~ 1841 esa 
gkL; vkSj O;aX; dh ,d if=kdk dk çdk'ku 'kq: gqvkA 
dgrs gSa yanu dh bl if=kdk esa igyh ckj dkVZwu 'kCn dk 
ç;ksx gqvk vkSj èkhjs&èkhjs ;s dkVZwuksa dh fo'o çfl¼ if=kdk 
cu x;hA 1895 esa fjpMZ ,iQ vkSVdYV osQ ^n ;syks fdM* 
vkSj mlosQ ckn ^cLVj czkmu* osQ dkVZwu fLVªIl dk çdk'ku 
'kq: gqvkA muosQ bl ;ksxnku osQ fy, mUgsa ekWMuZ dkWfeDl 
dk tud ekuk tkrk gSA 
;wa rks fNV&iqV :i ls dkVZwu dh laLÑfr Hkkjr igqap 
xbZ Fkh] fdUrq dkVZwu dh 'kq#vkr dk ySaMekdZ 1930 dks 
ekuk tkrk gS tc ;qok 'kadj fiYyS us vius dkVZwuksa ls eqacbZ 
esa èkwe epk nh FkhA ns'k xqyke Fkk vkSj muosQ dkVZwu fczfV'k 
gqowQer ij rat dlrs FksA eqacbZ osQ ^ckWEcs ØkWfudy* esa 
Nius okys muosQ dkVZwuksa dh nhokuxh c<+rh gh tk jgh FkhA 
eqacbZ ls fudy dj mudh yksdfç;rk ns'k osQ nwljs fgLls esa 
igqapus yxh FkhA 1948 esa mUgksaus ^'kadlZ ohdyh* uke dh 
,d if=kdk Hkh 'kq: dhA     
1930 ls 1950 osQ n'kd osQ chp] fons'kksa esa lqijeSu] 
cSVeSu vkSj oaMj oqeu tSls lqijghjks dk tUe gqvk] 
ftUgksaus dkWfeDl dks ,d vyx edke fn;kA blh nkSj esa 
ekoZsy dkWfeDl dk mn; gqvk] ftlus vkus okys o"kks± esa 
LikbMj&eSu] n ,Dl eSu] vk;ju eSu] CySd iSaFkj] ,saV&eSu] 
MkWDVj LVªsat] MsMiwy] gYd] FkkWj] oSQIVu ekoZsy oSQIVu 
vesfjdk vkSj n áweu VkWpZ tSls ik=kksa ls nqfu;k dk ifjp; 
djk;kA 1939 esa ftl 'k[l us ^ekoZy dkWfeDl* dh LFkkiuk 
50 ????? 2024
dh os Fks ekfVZu xqMeSuA 
vc rd Hkkjr osQ v•ckjksa esa dkVZwu vkSj dkWfed 
fLVªIl Nius yxs FksA 1947 esa ch- ukxh jsM~Mh vkSj pØik.kh 
us ,d ekfld if=kdk ^pankekek* dk çdk'ku 'kq: fd;kA 
blesa dkWfed fLVªi osQ :i esa Hkkjrh; ikSjkf.kd] yksddFkk 
vkSj ,sfrgkfld dgkfu;ka çdkf'kr gksus yxhaA 
o"kZ 1960 osQ n'kd esa] tc yh iQkYd }kjk cukbZ xbZ n 
iSaQVe dkWfed fLVªi Hkkjr esa cgqr çfl¼ gks xbZ] rks mldk 
dkWihjkbV ysdj vuar ibZ vkSj oqQN vU; yksxksa us bUgsa dkWfed 
cqd osQ :i esa 1964 esa çdkf'kr djuk 'kq: fd;kA bldk 
uke j•k ^baætky dkWfeDl*A n iSaQVe cuk osrky vkSj mldh 
dgkfu;ksa dks bl iQkWeZsV esa fiQV djus osQ fy, laikfnr fd;k 
x;k] iSaQVe vkSj mldh çsfedk Mk;uk osQ pqacu lhu dks 
fudky fn;k x;kA blosQ ckn rks baætky dkWfeDl us eSUMªSd] 
ÝyS'k xkWMZu] fji fdjch] xkFkZ tSls fdjnkjksa dks Nki&Nki dj 
iwjs Hkkjr dk pgsrk cu x;kA ij baætky dkWfeDl ds ckn 
,d vkSj fdjnkj Fkk cgknqj] tks Hkkjrh; FkkA mUgsa tUe fn;k 
Fkk dkVZwfuLV vkSj ys•d vkfcn lqjrh us tks èkeZ;qx uke dh 
if=kdk esa Nius okys vius dkVZwu fLVªi ^dkVZwu dksuk <Ccw th* 
osQ fy, dkiQh e'kgwj FksA
blh chp 1967 esa ,d cM+k gh fnypLi okd;k gqvk] 
ftlus Hkkjrh; dkWfeDl dh nqfu;k esa Økafr dh uhao j•hA 
vuar ibZ nwjn'kZu ij ,d fDot+ 'kks ns• jgs Fks] ftlesa Hkkx 
ysus okys cPps xzhd ikSjkf.kd dFkkvksa ls lacafèkr ç'uksa dk 
vklkuh ls mÙkj ns jgs Fks] ysfdu os vius bfrgkl] ikSjkf.kd 
dFkkvksa vkSj yksddFkkvksa ls lacafèkr ç'uksa dk tokc ugha ns 
ik jgs FksA mudh gSjkuh dh lhek ugha jghA bldk urhtk ;s 
gqvk dh vuar ibZ us baætky dkWfeDl NksM+ fn;k] r; fd;k 
fd os Hkkjr dh ikSjkf.kd] ,sfrgkfld] èkkfeZd vkSj yksd 
dFkkvksa dk ,d dkWfeDl 'kq: djsaxsA vkSj bl rjg tUe 
gqvk ^vej fp=k dFkk* dkA vej fp=k dFkk esa Nih igyh 
Hkkjrh; dkWfed Ñ".k dh Fkh vkSj 1970 osQ n'kd osQ var 
rd] bldh yxHkx 50 yk• dkWfi;ka çfr o"kZ fcdrh Fkha 
vkSj ,d eghus esa yxHkx 700]000 mPpre forj.k la[;k 
Hkh blus gkfly dh FkhA
fons'kksa esa viuk cM+k iSQu csl cukus osQ ckn 1970 
vkSj 1980 osQ n'kd esa vkphZ dkWfeDl us Hkkjr esa viuh 
tM+sa tek yhA vkphZ dkWfeDl us 'kgjh ;qokvksa dks vesfjdh 
thou'kSyh] gkL; vkSj jksekal ls feyk;k] vkSj muosQ ikWi 
dYpj dk fgLlk cu x;kA blus u fliQZ vkxkeh Vhoh 'kks 
vkSj fiQYeksa dks çHkkfor fd;k] cfYd blij gky esa ,d 
fiQYe Hkh cu xbZA  
fiNys Ng n'kdksa osQ nkSjku Mk;eaM dkWfeDl] jkt 
dkWfeDl] fVady vkSj vej fp=k dFkk us fo'kky forj.k 
usVodZ dh LFkkiuk dh gS vkSj ;s ns'kHkj esa yk•ksa cPpksa  
}kjk fofHk Hkk"kkvksa esa i<+s tkrs gSaA Hkkjrh; çfl¼ dkWfed 
fuekZrkvksa esa çrki efyd] panw] gjfoanj eudkj] lq•oar 
dylh] vuqie flUgk] vkfcn lqjrh] vady ibZ] dkVZwfuLV 
çk.k] uhjn tSlh vU; dbZ 'kf[l;r 'kjhd gSaA vkSj çfl¼ 
dkVZwu oSQjDVjksa dh ckr djsa rks pkpk pkSèkjh] cgknqj] phowQ] 
eksVw iryw] ukxjkt] lqij dekaMks èkzqo] Mksxk] lqIiaMh] fcYyw 
vkSj Hkh dbZ 'kkfey gSaA ^vady ibZ* osQ :i esa çfl¼ 
vuar ibZ osQ vej fp=k dFkk dkWfeDl dh ikWiqyfjVh dk ;s 
vkye gS fd gky gh esa mlosQ fofMvks jkbV~l djksM+ksa esa 
,d oaQiuh us •jhns gSaA
20oha lnh esa dkWfeDl dh ikWiqyfjVh osQ nkSjku xzkfiQd 
ukWosy@miU;kl dk Hkh çpyu 'kq: gqvkA ;s dkWfeDl dh 
rjg de iÂksa dh ugha gksrh gSA ,slk ekuk tkrk gS fd 
dkWfeDl osQ ikBd cPps vkSj fd'kksj o; osQ gksrs gSa] exj 
xzkfiQd ukWosy ifjiDo n'kZdksa osQ fy, çdkf'kr dh tkrh 
gS xaHkhj lkfgfR;d fo"k;ksa vkSj ifj"Ñr dykÑfr osQ lkFkA 
1990 osQ n'kd esa Vsyhfotu dh c<+rh yksdfç;rk vkSj 
ohfM;ks xsEl osQ vkxeu osQ dkj.k Hkkjr esa dkWfed cqDl 
dk çpyu de gksus yxkA dbZ dkWfeDl can gks x, ij oqQN 
çdk'kdksa us dkWfed cqDl cukuk vkSj forfjr djuk tkjh 
j•k] ftuesa u, vkSj iqjkus ik=k Fks] tSls Mksxk] lqij dekaMks 
èkzqo] 'kfDr vkSj ra=kh n ea=khA ;s dkWfed cqDl eq[; :i 
ls fganh vkSj vaxzsth esa miyCèk Fkha] ,d fuf'pr cktkj dks 
yf{kr djrh FkhaA
2000 osQ ckn Hkkjr esa vkbZ baVjusV Økafr us dkWfed 
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