Yojana Magazine May 2023 - 1 | Current Affairs & Hindu Analysis: Daily, Weekly & Monthly - UPSC PDF Download

 Page 1


Lead articLe
innovation in Space tech 
S Somanath
FOcUS
c ybersecurity c hallenges in the 5G a ge 
Dr Sameer Patil
Leveraging t echnology for t ransforming Healthcare
Dr Manisha Verma
May  2023 a deveLOp Ment MOntHL y
Page 2


Lead articLe
innovation in Space tech 
S Somanath
FOcUS
c ybersecurity c hallenges in the 5G a ge 
Dr Sameer Patil
Leveraging t echnology for t ransforming Healthcare
Dr Manisha Verma
May  2023 a deveLOp Ment MOntHL y
A
iming to seed, nurture, and scale up scientific 
and industrial Research and Development 
(R&D), and create a vibrant & innovative ecosystem 
in Quantum Technology (QT), the Union Cabinet 
has recently approved the National Quantum 
Mission (NQM) at a total cost of Rs 6003.65 crore 
from 2023-24 to 2030-31. This will accelerate  
QT-led economic growth, nurture the ecosystem 
in the country, and make India one of the 
leading nations in the development of Quantum 
Technologies & Applications (QTA).
The new Mission targets developing 
intermediate scale quantum computers with  
50-1000 physical qubits in 8 years in various 
platforms like superconducting and photonic 
technology. Satellite-based secure quantum 
communications between ground stations over 
a range of 2000 kilometres within India, long 
distance secure quantum communications with 
NatioNal QuaNtum missioN 
scaliNg-up scieNtific & iNdustrial r&d  
for QuaNtum techNologies other countries, inter-city quantum key distribution 
over 2000 km as well as multi-node Quantum 
network with quantum memories are also some of 
the deliverables of the mission.
It will help develop magnetometers with high 
sensitivity in atomic systems and atomic clocks for 
precision timing, communications, and navigation. 
It will also support design and synthesis of 
quantum materials such as superconductors, novel 
semiconductor structures and topological materials 
for fabrication of quantum devices. Single photon 
sources/detectors, entangled photon sources will 
also be developed for quantum communications, 
sensing, and metrological applications.
Four Thematic Hubs (T-Hubs) will be set up 
in top academic and National R&D institutes on 
the domains - Quantum Computing, Quantum 
Communication, Quantum Sensing & Metrology, 
and Quantum Materials & Devices. The hubs which 
will focus on generation of 
new knowledge through 
basic and applied research as 
well as promote R&D in areas 
that are mandated to them.
NQM can take the 
technology development 
ecosystem in the country to 
a globally competitive level. 
The mission would greatly 
benefit communication, 
health, financial and energy 
sectors as well as drug design, 
and space applications. It 
will provide a huge boost 
to National priorities like 
Digital India, Make in India, 
Skill India, and Standup 
India, Startup India, Self-
reliant India, and Sustainable 
Development Goals.  ?
Source: PIB 
Page
                   
Read more on
      
QuaNtum computiNg 38
Page 3


Lead articLe
innovation in Space tech 
S Somanath
FOcUS
c ybersecurity c hallenges in the 5G a ge 
Dr Sameer Patil
Leveraging t echnology for t ransforming Healthcare
Dr Manisha Verma
May  2023 a deveLOp Ment MOntHL y
A
iming to seed, nurture, and scale up scientific 
and industrial Research and Development 
(R&D), and create a vibrant & innovative ecosystem 
in Quantum Technology (QT), the Union Cabinet 
has recently approved the National Quantum 
Mission (NQM) at a total cost of Rs 6003.65 crore 
from 2023-24 to 2030-31. This will accelerate  
QT-led economic growth, nurture the ecosystem 
in the country, and make India one of the 
leading nations in the development of Quantum 
Technologies & Applications (QTA).
The new Mission targets developing 
intermediate scale quantum computers with  
50-1000 physical qubits in 8 years in various 
platforms like superconducting and photonic 
technology. Satellite-based secure quantum 
communications between ground stations over 
a range of 2000 kilometres within India, long 
distance secure quantum communications with 
NatioNal QuaNtum missioN 
scaliNg-up scieNtific & iNdustrial r&d  
for QuaNtum techNologies other countries, inter-city quantum key distribution 
over 2000 km as well as multi-node Quantum 
network with quantum memories are also some of 
the deliverables of the mission.
It will help develop magnetometers with high 
sensitivity in atomic systems and atomic clocks for 
precision timing, communications, and navigation. 
It will also support design and synthesis of 
quantum materials such as superconductors, novel 
semiconductor structures and topological materials 
for fabrication of quantum devices. Single photon 
sources/detectors, entangled photon sources will 
also be developed for quantum communications, 
sensing, and metrological applications.
Four Thematic Hubs (T-Hubs) will be set up 
in top academic and National R&D institutes on 
the domains - Quantum Computing, Quantum 
Communication, Quantum Sensing & Metrology, 
and Quantum Materials & Devices. The hubs which 
will focus on generation of 
new knowledge through 
basic and applied research as 
well as promote R&D in areas 
that are mandated to them.
NQM can take the 
technology development 
ecosystem in the country to 
a globally competitive level. 
The mission would greatly 
benefit communication, 
health, financial and energy 
sectors as well as drug design, 
and space applications. It 
will provide a huge boost 
to National priorities like 
Digital India, Make in India, 
Skill India, and Standup 
India, Startup India, Self-
reliant India, and Sustainable 
Development Goals.  ?
Source: PIB 
Page
                   
Read more on
      
QuaNtum computiNg 38
May 2023
YOJANA
Volume-67
No. 05
A DEVELOPMENT MONTHLY Let noble thoughts come to us from all sides.
Rig Veda
www.publicationsdivision.nic.in @DPD_India  I  @YojanaJournal @publicationsdivision @dpd_india
In ThIs Issue
number of pages: 72
UPCOMING ISSUES:  
INdIa: GIftING HOlIStIC WEllbEING tO tHE WOrld COOPEratIvES
Details of the Sales Outlets of the Publications Division on Page 48
YOJANA is published in Assamese, Bengali, English, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Malayalam, 
Marathi, Odia, Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu, and Urdu.
Since 1957
focus articles
leveragiNg techNology for  
traNsformiNg healthcare 
Dr Manisha Verma
cybersecurity challeNges  
iN the 5g age 
Dr Sameer Patil
lead article iNNovatioN iN space tech 
S Somanath
startups revolutioNisiNg 
iNdia’s growth story 
Manmeet K Nanda
poteNtial of  
iNdia’s edtech sector 
Rohit Gupta 
Dr Shashank Shah
QuaNtum computiNg: 
traNsformiNg techNology 
Prof Yogesh K Dwivedi 
Prof Arpan Kumar Kar
ai chatbots:  
future aNd challeNges 
Balendu Sharma Dadhich
digital publishiNg:  
expaNdiNg the horizoN 
Prof Sanjay Dwivedi  
Dr Pawan Koundal
use of techNology iN 
urbaN plaNNiNg 
Dr Rawal Singh Aulakh  
Dr Sakshi Sahni
Chief editor 
maNogyaN raNi pal
editor 
shuchita chaturvedi
OUr repreSentativeS 
Ahmedabad: Sumanben A Machhar , Bengaluru: 
BK Kiranmai, Bhubaneswar: Itishree Singh Rathaur , 
Chennai: Sanjay Ghosh, Guwahati: Maruf Alam, 
Hyderabad: Krishna Vandana P , Jalandhar: Gagandeep 
Kaur Devgan, Kolkata: Khurshid Mallick, Mumbai: 
Umesh Ujgare: Thiruvananthapuram: Roy Chacko.
JoINT DIReCToR , PRoDUCTIoN 
D K C hruDhaIna Th CoVeR DeSIGN
BInDu Verma
Yojana (English): Room No. 647, Soochna Bhawan, 
CGO Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110 003.  
E-mail (Editorial): sec-yojanaeng-moib@gov.in
YOJANA, a development monthly published since 
1957, is a theme-based journal providing in-depth 
analyses and views on socio-economic issues in 
the broader framework of government policies. 
Although published by the Ministry of Information 
and Broadcasting, YOJANA is not restricted to 
expressing the official point of view.
DIsCLaImer
l 	 The 	 vie ws 	 e xpre sse d 	 in 	 various 	 articles 	 are	
those 	 of 	 the 	 authors 	 and 	 the y 	 do 	 not 	 ne c essarily	
re flect 	 the 	 vie ws 	 of 	 the 	 Go vernme n t 	 or 	 the	
organisation/ s 	 the y 	 work 	 f or .
l Map s/flags 	 use d 	 in 	 the 	 article s 	 are 	 only 	 indic ative 	
and 	 the y 	 do 	 not 	 re flect 	 the 	 politic al 	 map 	 or 	 le gal	
re presen t ation 	 of 	 the 	 flag 	 of 	 India/an y 	 othe r	
c oun try .
l The 	 inf ographics/figure s 	 are 	 pro vide d 	 b y 	 the	
authors 	 through 	 the ir 	 re liable 	 sourc e s 	 and	
YOJANA 	 claims 	 no 	 re sponsibility 	 f or 	 the 	 same.
l Image s, 	 graphics 	 and 	 illus trations, 	 whe re ve r	
use d, 	 are 	 mos tly 	 sourc ed 	 from 	 go vernme n t	
channels 	 and 	 are 	 indic ative 	 in 	 nature .
l YOJANA 	does 	not 	o wn 	re sponsibility 	re garding	
the 	 c on t e n ts 	 of 	 the 	 adve rtise men ts. 	 The 	 re aders	
are 	 re que s t e d 	 t o 	 ve rify 	 the 	 claims 	 made 	 in 	 the	
adve rtise men ts 	 re garding 	 c ourse s, 	 c are e r -
guidanc e 	 book s 	 or 	 ins titutions.
l YOJANA doesn't 	 e ndorse 	 or 	 promot e 	 an y 	 brands	
or 	 privat e 	 e n titie s 	 prese n t ed 	 as 	 c ase 	 s tudie s 	 in 	 an y	 
of 	 the 	 article s.
suBsCrIPTIOn/GrIeV anCes
Email: pdjucir@gmail.com 
Phone: 011-24367453  
(Monday-Friday, 9:30 am- 6:00 pm)
Postal Address: Abhishek Chaturvedi, Editor, 
Journals Unit, Publications Division, Room No. 
779, Soochna Bhawan, CGO Complex, Lodhi 
Road, New Delhi-110 003.
Please	 not e	 that	 it	 will	 t ak e	 atleas t	 eigh t	
week s	 t o	 s t art	 your	 sub scrip tion.	 Kindly	 raise	 
your	 queries/grie vanc es	 about	 non	 rec eip t	 of	 the	
journals	only	aft er	this	period.
SUBSCRIPTION-RELATED DETAILS : Page 68
6
14
19
38
45
57
63
27
51
Page 4


Lead articLe
innovation in Space tech 
S Somanath
FOcUS
c ybersecurity c hallenges in the 5G a ge 
Dr Sameer Patil
Leveraging t echnology for t ransforming Healthcare
Dr Manisha Verma
May  2023 a deveLOp Ment MOntHL y
A
iming to seed, nurture, and scale up scientific 
and industrial Research and Development 
(R&D), and create a vibrant & innovative ecosystem 
in Quantum Technology (QT), the Union Cabinet 
has recently approved the National Quantum 
Mission (NQM) at a total cost of Rs 6003.65 crore 
from 2023-24 to 2030-31. This will accelerate  
QT-led economic growth, nurture the ecosystem 
in the country, and make India one of the 
leading nations in the development of Quantum 
Technologies & Applications (QTA).
The new Mission targets developing 
intermediate scale quantum computers with  
50-1000 physical qubits in 8 years in various 
platforms like superconducting and photonic 
technology. Satellite-based secure quantum 
communications between ground stations over 
a range of 2000 kilometres within India, long 
distance secure quantum communications with 
NatioNal QuaNtum missioN 
scaliNg-up scieNtific & iNdustrial r&d  
for QuaNtum techNologies other countries, inter-city quantum key distribution 
over 2000 km as well as multi-node Quantum 
network with quantum memories are also some of 
the deliverables of the mission.
It will help develop magnetometers with high 
sensitivity in atomic systems and atomic clocks for 
precision timing, communications, and navigation. 
It will also support design and synthesis of 
quantum materials such as superconductors, novel 
semiconductor structures and topological materials 
for fabrication of quantum devices. Single photon 
sources/detectors, entangled photon sources will 
also be developed for quantum communications, 
sensing, and metrological applications.
Four Thematic Hubs (T-Hubs) will be set up 
in top academic and National R&D institutes on 
the domains - Quantum Computing, Quantum 
Communication, Quantum Sensing & Metrology, 
and Quantum Materials & Devices. The hubs which 
will focus on generation of 
new knowledge through 
basic and applied research as 
well as promote R&D in areas 
that are mandated to them.
NQM can take the 
technology development 
ecosystem in the country to 
a globally competitive level. 
The mission would greatly 
benefit communication, 
health, financial and energy 
sectors as well as drug design, 
and space applications. It 
will provide a huge boost 
to National priorities like 
Digital India, Make in India, 
Skill India, and Standup 
India, Startup India, Self-
reliant India, and Sustainable 
Development Goals.  ?
Source: PIB 
Page
                   
Read more on
      
QuaNtum computiNg 38
May 2023
YOJANA
Volume-67
No. 05
A DEVELOPMENT MONTHLY Let noble thoughts come to us from all sides.
Rig Veda
www.publicationsdivision.nic.in @DPD_India  I  @YojanaJournal @publicationsdivision @dpd_india
In ThIs Issue
number of pages: 72
UPCOMING ISSUES:  
INdIa: GIftING HOlIStIC WEllbEING tO tHE WOrld COOPEratIvES
Details of the Sales Outlets of the Publications Division on Page 48
YOJANA is published in Assamese, Bengali, English, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Malayalam, 
Marathi, Odia, Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu, and Urdu.
Since 1957
focus articles
leveragiNg techNology for  
traNsformiNg healthcare 
Dr Manisha Verma
cybersecurity challeNges  
iN the 5g age 
Dr Sameer Patil
lead article iNNovatioN iN space tech 
S Somanath
startups revolutioNisiNg 
iNdia’s growth story 
Manmeet K Nanda
poteNtial of  
iNdia’s edtech sector 
Rohit Gupta 
Dr Shashank Shah
QuaNtum computiNg: 
traNsformiNg techNology 
Prof Yogesh K Dwivedi 
Prof Arpan Kumar Kar
ai chatbots:  
future aNd challeNges 
Balendu Sharma Dadhich
digital publishiNg:  
expaNdiNg the horizoN 
Prof Sanjay Dwivedi  
Dr Pawan Koundal
use of techNology iN 
urbaN plaNNiNg 
Dr Rawal Singh Aulakh  
Dr Sakshi Sahni
Chief editor 
maNogyaN raNi pal
editor 
shuchita chaturvedi
OUr repreSentativeS 
Ahmedabad: Sumanben A Machhar , Bengaluru: 
BK Kiranmai, Bhubaneswar: Itishree Singh Rathaur , 
Chennai: Sanjay Ghosh, Guwahati: Maruf Alam, 
Hyderabad: Krishna Vandana P , Jalandhar: Gagandeep 
Kaur Devgan, Kolkata: Khurshid Mallick, Mumbai: 
Umesh Ujgare: Thiruvananthapuram: Roy Chacko.
JoINT DIReCToR , PRoDUCTIoN 
D K C hruDhaIna Th CoVeR DeSIGN
BInDu Verma
Yojana (English): Room No. 647, Soochna Bhawan, 
CGO Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110 003.  
E-mail (Editorial): sec-yojanaeng-moib@gov.in
YOJANA, a development monthly published since 
1957, is a theme-based journal providing in-depth 
analyses and views on socio-economic issues in 
the broader framework of government policies. 
Although published by the Ministry of Information 
and Broadcasting, YOJANA is not restricted to 
expressing the official point of view.
DIsCLaImer
l 	 The 	 vie ws 	 e xpre sse d 	 in 	 various 	 articles 	 are	
those 	 of 	 the 	 authors 	 and 	 the y 	 do 	 not 	 ne c essarily	
re flect 	 the 	 vie ws 	 of 	 the 	 Go vernme n t 	 or 	 the	
organisation/ s 	 the y 	 work 	 f or .
l Map s/flags 	 use d 	 in 	 the 	 article s 	 are 	 only 	 indic ative 	
and 	 the y 	 do 	 not 	 re flect 	 the 	 politic al 	 map 	 or 	 le gal	
re presen t ation 	 of 	 the 	 flag 	 of 	 India/an y 	 othe r	
c oun try .
l The 	 inf ographics/figure s 	 are 	 pro vide d 	 b y 	 the	
authors 	 through 	 the ir 	 re liable 	 sourc e s 	 and	
YOJANA 	 claims 	 no 	 re sponsibility 	 f or 	 the 	 same.
l Image s, 	 graphics 	 and 	 illus trations, 	 whe re ve r	
use d, 	 are 	 mos tly 	 sourc ed 	 from 	 go vernme n t	
channels 	 and 	 are 	 indic ative 	 in 	 nature .
l YOJANA 	does 	not 	o wn 	re sponsibility 	re garding	
the 	 c on t e n ts 	 of 	 the 	 adve rtise men ts. 	 The 	 re aders	
are 	 re que s t e d 	 t o 	 ve rify 	 the 	 claims 	 made 	 in 	 the	
adve rtise men ts 	 re garding 	 c ourse s, 	 c are e r -
guidanc e 	 book s 	 or 	 ins titutions.
l YOJANA doesn't 	 e ndorse 	 or 	 promot e 	 an y 	 brands	
or 	 privat e 	 e n titie s 	 prese n t ed 	 as 	 c ase 	 s tudie s 	 in 	 an y	 
of 	 the 	 article s.
suBsCrIPTIOn/GrIeV anCes
Email: pdjucir@gmail.com 
Phone: 011-24367453  
(Monday-Friday, 9:30 am- 6:00 pm)
Postal Address: Abhishek Chaturvedi, Editor, 
Journals Unit, Publications Division, Room No. 
779, Soochna Bhawan, CGO Complex, Lodhi 
Road, New Delhi-110 003.
Please	 not e	 that	 it	 will	 t ak e	 atleas t	 eigh t	
week s	 t o	 s t art	 your	 sub scrip tion.	 Kindly	 raise	 
your	 queries/grie vanc es	 about	 non	 rec eip t	 of	 the	
journals	only	aft er	this	period.
SUBSCRIPTION-RELATED DETAILS : Page 68
6
14
19
38
45
57
63
27
51
4 May 2023
promote Local Startups Globally
The April 2023 issue of Yojana on Startup India has 
shed light on the ecosystem of startups and how, by 
leveraging information technology and creative ideas, 
new enterprises attract investors for a successful 
and sustainable business. It also envisages the role 
of the Government in imbibing and encouraging 
new entrepreneurs to come forward in order to 
substantially contribute to the Indian economy. The 
Government should be vocal for local startups in 
order to make them global. 
– debasis das 
o disha
Story of a mrit Kaal
The Yojana issue of  Startup India  was very 
informative and illuminating. It was like learning 
about the inner workings of a complex machine 
– the Indian economy. While the coverage was 
broad, a few more topics could have enhanced 
it. All in all, the issue was an enjoyable read and a 
peek behind the curtain at India’s growth story in 
the Amrit Kaal.
– a njali Singh 
Delhi
Fulcrum of c hange
Although I never miss reading any of your monthly 
editions of Yojana, I personally want to appreciate 
your efforts to extensively cover the important topic of 
the Startup India programme. A dedicated magazine 
edition on the Government policies and efforts for 
startups for the reader section is the need of the hour. 
India being home to a demographic dividend, it is 
necessary that our youth have an idea, how to go for 
startups as a career. Despite the April 2023 edition, the 
March special edition on Union Budget had a chapter 
that had dedicated points on how the Government 
Inbox
sec-yojanaeng-moib@gov.in
is focusing on human resource development - the 
fulcrum of change.  This magazine is very special 
as it always comes up with quality content and rich 
information on every topic. Team Yojana must be 
congratulated for their efforts. I just wanted to request 
Team Yojana to please bring a dedicated edition on 
India’s relevance in geo-politics after securing the 
presidency of the G20 and SCo as well.
– Kirti Wadhawan 
Uttar Pradesh
c ollector’s issue
‘Yojana’  March 2023 special issue on the Union 
Budget, is a collector’s issue as it contains important 
articles on the Union Budget 2023-24. The write-
ups, well supported by graphical data, enable 
readers, young and old, to know the nitty-gritty of 
budgeting. The editorial ‘Saptarishi for Amrit Kaal’ 
has lucidly described the vision for Amrit Kaal, 
the seven priorities of the Union Budget, and the 
importance of MSMes as growth engines of our 
economy. Kudos to Team Yojana for bringing out 
such a beautiful issue.
– pratap nayak 
 o disha
t he Last Mile
Yojana is not only for UPSC aspirants, but also 
for anyone in every field of education who is 
interested and can read this magazine and 
grasp the knowledge from it. It has been on my 
reading list for two years. The April 2023 section 
on ‘Antyodaya and Mass Media’ is truly amazing. 
The way he describes the upgrading of mass 
media like mobile applications, shows how truly 
it needs to update and benefit the last person in 
the society. 
– Bhagyashree Moharana
Page 5


Lead articLe
innovation in Space tech 
S Somanath
FOcUS
c ybersecurity c hallenges in the 5G a ge 
Dr Sameer Patil
Leveraging t echnology for t ransforming Healthcare
Dr Manisha Verma
May  2023 a deveLOp Ment MOntHL y
A
iming to seed, nurture, and scale up scientific 
and industrial Research and Development 
(R&D), and create a vibrant & innovative ecosystem 
in Quantum Technology (QT), the Union Cabinet 
has recently approved the National Quantum 
Mission (NQM) at a total cost of Rs 6003.65 crore 
from 2023-24 to 2030-31. This will accelerate  
QT-led economic growth, nurture the ecosystem 
in the country, and make India one of the 
leading nations in the development of Quantum 
Technologies & Applications (QTA).
The new Mission targets developing 
intermediate scale quantum computers with  
50-1000 physical qubits in 8 years in various 
platforms like superconducting and photonic 
technology. Satellite-based secure quantum 
communications between ground stations over 
a range of 2000 kilometres within India, long 
distance secure quantum communications with 
NatioNal QuaNtum missioN 
scaliNg-up scieNtific & iNdustrial r&d  
for QuaNtum techNologies other countries, inter-city quantum key distribution 
over 2000 km as well as multi-node Quantum 
network with quantum memories are also some of 
the deliverables of the mission.
It will help develop magnetometers with high 
sensitivity in atomic systems and atomic clocks for 
precision timing, communications, and navigation. 
It will also support design and synthesis of 
quantum materials such as superconductors, novel 
semiconductor structures and topological materials 
for fabrication of quantum devices. Single photon 
sources/detectors, entangled photon sources will 
also be developed for quantum communications, 
sensing, and metrological applications.
Four Thematic Hubs (T-Hubs) will be set up 
in top academic and National R&D institutes on 
the domains - Quantum Computing, Quantum 
Communication, Quantum Sensing & Metrology, 
and Quantum Materials & Devices. The hubs which 
will focus on generation of 
new knowledge through 
basic and applied research as 
well as promote R&D in areas 
that are mandated to them.
NQM can take the 
technology development 
ecosystem in the country to 
a globally competitive level. 
The mission would greatly 
benefit communication, 
health, financial and energy 
sectors as well as drug design, 
and space applications. It 
will provide a huge boost 
to National priorities like 
Digital India, Make in India, 
Skill India, and Standup 
India, Startup India, Self-
reliant India, and Sustainable 
Development Goals.  ?
Source: PIB 
Page
                   
Read more on
      
QuaNtum computiNg 38
May 2023
YOJANA
Volume-67
No. 05
A DEVELOPMENT MONTHLY Let noble thoughts come to us from all sides.
Rig Veda
www.publicationsdivision.nic.in @DPD_India  I  @YojanaJournal @publicationsdivision @dpd_india
In ThIs Issue
number of pages: 72
UPCOMING ISSUES:  
INdIa: GIftING HOlIStIC WEllbEING tO tHE WOrld COOPEratIvES
Details of the Sales Outlets of the Publications Division on Page 48
YOJANA is published in Assamese, Bengali, English, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Malayalam, 
Marathi, Odia, Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu, and Urdu.
Since 1957
focus articles
leveragiNg techNology for  
traNsformiNg healthcare 
Dr Manisha Verma
cybersecurity challeNges  
iN the 5g age 
Dr Sameer Patil
lead article iNNovatioN iN space tech 
S Somanath
startups revolutioNisiNg 
iNdia’s growth story 
Manmeet K Nanda
poteNtial of  
iNdia’s edtech sector 
Rohit Gupta 
Dr Shashank Shah
QuaNtum computiNg: 
traNsformiNg techNology 
Prof Yogesh K Dwivedi 
Prof Arpan Kumar Kar
ai chatbots:  
future aNd challeNges 
Balendu Sharma Dadhich
digital publishiNg:  
expaNdiNg the horizoN 
Prof Sanjay Dwivedi  
Dr Pawan Koundal
use of techNology iN 
urbaN plaNNiNg 
Dr Rawal Singh Aulakh  
Dr Sakshi Sahni
Chief editor 
maNogyaN raNi pal
editor 
shuchita chaturvedi
OUr repreSentativeS 
Ahmedabad: Sumanben A Machhar , Bengaluru: 
BK Kiranmai, Bhubaneswar: Itishree Singh Rathaur , 
Chennai: Sanjay Ghosh, Guwahati: Maruf Alam, 
Hyderabad: Krishna Vandana P , Jalandhar: Gagandeep 
Kaur Devgan, Kolkata: Khurshid Mallick, Mumbai: 
Umesh Ujgare: Thiruvananthapuram: Roy Chacko.
JoINT DIReCToR , PRoDUCTIoN 
D K C hruDhaIna Th CoVeR DeSIGN
BInDu Verma
Yojana (English): Room No. 647, Soochna Bhawan, 
CGO Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110 003.  
E-mail (Editorial): sec-yojanaeng-moib@gov.in
YOJANA, a development monthly published since 
1957, is a theme-based journal providing in-depth 
analyses and views on socio-economic issues in 
the broader framework of government policies. 
Although published by the Ministry of Information 
and Broadcasting, YOJANA is not restricted to 
expressing the official point of view.
DIsCLaImer
l 	 The 	 vie ws 	 e xpre sse d 	 in 	 various 	 articles 	 are	
those 	 of 	 the 	 authors 	 and 	 the y 	 do 	 not 	 ne c essarily	
re flect 	 the 	 vie ws 	 of 	 the 	 Go vernme n t 	 or 	 the	
organisation/ s 	 the y 	 work 	 f or .
l Map s/flags 	 use d 	 in 	 the 	 article s 	 are 	 only 	 indic ative 	
and 	 the y 	 do 	 not 	 re flect 	 the 	 politic al 	 map 	 or 	 le gal	
re presen t ation 	 of 	 the 	 flag 	 of 	 India/an y 	 othe r	
c oun try .
l The 	 inf ographics/figure s 	 are 	 pro vide d 	 b y 	 the	
authors 	 through 	 the ir 	 re liable 	 sourc e s 	 and	
YOJANA 	 claims 	 no 	 re sponsibility 	 f or 	 the 	 same.
l Image s, 	 graphics 	 and 	 illus trations, 	 whe re ve r	
use d, 	 are 	 mos tly 	 sourc ed 	 from 	 go vernme n t	
channels 	 and 	 are 	 indic ative 	 in 	 nature .
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4 May 2023
promote Local Startups Globally
The April 2023 issue of Yojana on Startup India has 
shed light on the ecosystem of startups and how, by 
leveraging information technology and creative ideas, 
new enterprises attract investors for a successful 
and sustainable business. It also envisages the role 
of the Government in imbibing and encouraging 
new entrepreneurs to come forward in order to 
substantially contribute to the Indian economy. The 
Government should be vocal for local startups in 
order to make them global. 
– debasis das 
o disha
Story of a mrit Kaal
The Yojana issue of  Startup India  was very 
informative and illuminating. It was like learning 
about the inner workings of a complex machine 
– the Indian economy. While the coverage was 
broad, a few more topics could have enhanced 
it. All in all, the issue was an enjoyable read and a 
peek behind the curtain at India’s growth story in 
the Amrit Kaal.
– a njali Singh 
Delhi
Fulcrum of c hange
Although I never miss reading any of your monthly 
editions of Yojana, I personally want to appreciate 
your efforts to extensively cover the important topic of 
the Startup India programme. A dedicated magazine 
edition on the Government policies and efforts for 
startups for the reader section is the need of the hour. 
India being home to a demographic dividend, it is 
necessary that our youth have an idea, how to go for 
startups as a career. Despite the April 2023 edition, the 
March special edition on Union Budget had a chapter 
that had dedicated points on how the Government 
Inbox
sec-yojanaeng-moib@gov.in
is focusing on human resource development - the 
fulcrum of change.  This magazine is very special 
as it always comes up with quality content and rich 
information on every topic. Team Yojana must be 
congratulated for their efforts. I just wanted to request 
Team Yojana to please bring a dedicated edition on 
India’s relevance in geo-politics after securing the 
presidency of the G20 and SCo as well.
– Kirti Wadhawan 
Uttar Pradesh
c ollector’s issue
‘Yojana’  March 2023 special issue on the Union 
Budget, is a collector’s issue as it contains important 
articles on the Union Budget 2023-24. The write-
ups, well supported by graphical data, enable 
readers, young and old, to know the nitty-gritty of 
budgeting. The editorial ‘Saptarishi for Amrit Kaal’ 
has lucidly described the vision for Amrit Kaal, 
the seven priorities of the Union Budget, and the 
importance of MSMes as growth engines of our 
economy. Kudos to Team Yojana for bringing out 
such a beautiful issue.
– pratap nayak 
 o disha
t he Last Mile
Yojana is not only for UPSC aspirants, but also 
for anyone in every field of education who is 
interested and can read this magazine and 
grasp the knowledge from it. It has been on my 
reading list for two years. The April 2023 section 
on ‘Antyodaya and Mass Media’ is truly amazing. 
The way he describes the upgrading of mass 
media like mobile applications, shows how truly 
it needs to update and benefit the last person in 
the society. 
– Bhagyashree Moharana
5 May 2023
Editorial
YOJANA
Techade
F
or the Millennials and the early Gen Zs, one of the most prevalent 
essay or debate topics in examinations was, 'Technology: Boon or 
Bane’ . Those were the days when technology was an option, a choice, 
and a value addition to otherwise non-tech lives. The access and use 
of technology were limited to certain sections of society. Those were 
the times when people used to go to standard PCo booths to make a 
mere phone call; there were no personal phones, just a single-corded 
landline for an entire family, and just a computer with a giant-domed 
monitor, which was the same as the televisions. Nearly a decade ago, 
we all had the opportunity to witness what life might be like without 
today's cutting-edge technology. Sharing a document meant sending 
it through dak or, if the then-modern means permitted, via fax. When 
transferring money meant sending a money order that would take 
days to arrive; when we had to wait in queue for everything, from rail 
ticket booking to banking, from the movie to paying bills; when written communication meant postcards 
and inland, and one-liner telegrams were used for urgent communication, this was India just three to four 
decades ago. It was a time when the world could not even imagine life with smartphones, digital payments, 
podcasts, social media, and so on.
Since then, things have changed dramatically. The swift pace and phenomenal expansion of technology 
have drastically altered human existence during the past 25 years. The youth of the country are driving this 
transformation. Nobody could have predicted a decade ago that we would call this period, 'The Techade’ . 
everything is becoming possible, scalable, and accessible, thanks to technological advancements. The 
beauty of this technological era lies in its inclusiveness, where digital India is taking shape in every nook 
and corner of the country, and beyond.
With the goal of providing affordable access to digital services for all citizens, India has pioneered 
distinctively creative digital projects, launched population-scale transformational initiatives, and ensured 
digital inclusion. India’s digital transformation trajectory has left an indelible impression on all facets of 
life, ensuring digital access, digital service delivery, and digital inclusion for all, based on technology that 
is sustainable, economical, and transformative. Digital India is dedicated to exposing India’s technological 
capability to the world, facilitating collaboration and economic prospects for tech entrepreneurs, and 
encouraging citizens by presenting them with an abundance of opportunities.
Today, India is joining hands with other democratic nations to take this technology to the next level. These 
are interesting times when we are at the intersection of tech development and innovation that are bringing 
solutions to the complex and day-to-day problems of our lives. This ‘Techade’ is clearly here to stay.                  ?
We all know that knowledge is paramount in the global economy of the 21st century.  
I believe that the dream of India's Techade will definitely be fulfilled on the strength of 
our innovators and their patents. With this, we will all be able to take full advantage of 
world-class technology and products prepared in our own country.
– Narendra Modi, Prime Minister of India