Yojana Magazine November 2023 - 3 (Hindi) | Current Affairs (Hindi): Daily, Weekly & Monthly - UPSC PDF Download

 Page 1


41 ?????? 2023
f=ke esèkk (,vkbZ) euq";ksa osQ ijLij ckrphr 
djus] m|ksxksa osQ dkedkt vkSj lektksa dh 
lajpuk osQ rjhosQ dks cny jgh gSA fofHk 
dk;Z{ks=kksa] ns'kksa vkSj ekuo dYiukvksa esa ,vkbZ dh çrhr gksus 
okyh vlhfer {kerk us dbZ vuqç;ksxksa dks tUe fn;k gSA 
orZeku vuqç;ksxksa esa rLohjsa vkSj ewyikB lfgr ykWftfLVDl] 
fu.kZ; ysus esa lgk;rk] Lok;Ùk okgu vkSj gokbZ ç.kkyh] 
lkbcj lqj{kk vkfn osQ fy, rLohjsa vkSj ewyikB dk MkVk 
fo'ys"k.k 'kkfey gSaA blosQ vfrfjDr] bldk mi;ksx lqj{kk] 
fuxjkuh vkSj eky çcaèku osQ fy, fd;k tk jgk gSA bls 
Ñf"k] foÙkh; dk;ks± esa çkS|ksfxdh osQ mi;ksx (fiQuVsd)] 
LokLF; lsok] fofuekZ.k vkSj tyok;q ifjorZu tSls {ks=kksa esa 
Hkh cM+s iSekus ij ykxw fd;k tk jgk gS] ftlls bu lHkh esa 
dkiQh ykHk feyk gSA
ubZ fnYyh osQ usrkvksa dk ?kks"k.kki=k ^csgrjh vkSj lHkh osQ fy, ftEesnkj ,vkbZ* dk 
mi;ksx djus osQ egRo ij çdk'k Mkyrk gSA blesa dgk x;k gS fd th20 usrk yksxksa osQ 
vfèkdkjksa vkSj lqj{kk dh j{kk djrs gq, ftEesnkj] lekos'kh vkSj ekuo&osQafær rjhosQ ls 
pqukSfr;ksa dk lekèkku djosQ turk dh HkykbZ osQ fy, ,vkbZ dk ykHk mBkus osQ fy, 
çfrc¼ gSaA bl rjg osQ lewg bl lacaèk esa usr`Ro djus osQ fy, mi;qDr fLFkfr esa gSa] blls 
,vkbZ osQ mi;ksx esa uokpkj vkSj uSfrdrk osQ chp varj dks de fd;k tk losQxkA
Ñ
Ñf=ke esèkk ¼,vkbZ½ dk ftEesnkj mi;ksx
uSfrdrk ds lkFk uoksUes"k
f'keksuk eksgu
MkW lehj ikfVy
twfu;j isQyks] lsaVj iQkWj flD;ksfjVh] LVªSVsth ,aM VsDuksykWth] vksvkj,iQA  
bZesy% shimona.mohan@orfonline.org.
ofj’ isQyks vkSj mi funs'kd] vkWCtoZj fjlpZ iQkmaMs'ku (vksvkj,iQ)] çkS|ksfxdh vkSj jk‘ªh; lqj{kk 
osQ varl±caèk ij dk;ZjrA bZesy% sameer.patil@orfonline.org.
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41 ?????? 2023
f=ke esèkk (,vkbZ) euq";ksa osQ ijLij ckrphr 
djus] m|ksxksa osQ dkedkt vkSj lektksa dh 
lajpuk osQ rjhosQ dks cny jgh gSA fofHk 
dk;Z{ks=kksa] ns'kksa vkSj ekuo dYiukvksa esa ,vkbZ dh çrhr gksus 
okyh vlhfer {kerk us dbZ vuqç;ksxksa dks tUe fn;k gSA 
orZeku vuqç;ksxksa esa rLohjsa vkSj ewyikB lfgr ykWftfLVDl] 
fu.kZ; ysus esa lgk;rk] Lok;Ùk okgu vkSj gokbZ ç.kkyh] 
lkbcj lqj{kk vkfn osQ fy, rLohjsa vkSj ewyikB dk MkVk 
fo'ys"k.k 'kkfey gSaA blosQ vfrfjDr] bldk mi;ksx lqj{kk] 
fuxjkuh vkSj eky çcaèku osQ fy, fd;k tk jgk gSA bls 
Ñf"k] foÙkh; dk;ks± esa çkS|ksfxdh osQ mi;ksx (fiQuVsd)] 
LokLF; lsok] fofuekZ.k vkSj tyok;q ifjorZu tSls {ks=kksa esa 
Hkh cM+s iSekus ij ykxw fd;k tk jgk gS] ftlls bu lHkh esa 
dkiQh ykHk feyk gSA
ubZ fnYyh osQ usrkvksa dk ?kks"k.kki=k ^csgrjh vkSj lHkh osQ fy, ftEesnkj ,vkbZ* dk 
mi;ksx djus osQ egRo ij çdk'k Mkyrk gSA blesa dgk x;k gS fd th20 usrk yksxksa osQ 
vfèkdkjksa vkSj lqj{kk dh j{kk djrs gq, ftEesnkj] lekos'kh vkSj ekuo&osQafær rjhosQ ls 
pqukSfr;ksa dk lekèkku djosQ turk dh HkykbZ osQ fy, ,vkbZ dk ykHk mBkus osQ fy, 
çfrc¼ gSaA bl rjg osQ lewg bl lacaèk esa usr`Ro djus osQ fy, mi;qDr fLFkfr esa gSa] blls 
,vkbZ osQ mi;ksx esa uokpkj vkSj uSfrdrk osQ chp varj dks de fd;k tk losQxkA
Ñ
Ñf=ke esèkk ¼,vkbZ½ dk ftEesnkj mi;ksx
uSfrdrk ds lkFk uoksUes"k
f'keksuk eksgu
MkW lehj ikfVy
twfu;j isQyks] lsaVj iQkWj flD;ksfjVh] LVªSVsth ,aM VsDuksykWth] vksvkj,iQA  
bZesy% shimona.mohan@orfonline.org.
ofj’ isQyks vkSj mi funs'kd] vkWCtoZj fjlpZ iQkmaMs'ku (vksvkj,iQ)] çkS|ksfxdh vkSj jk‘ªh; lqj{kk 
osQ varl±caèk ij dk;ZjrA bZesy% sameer.patil@orfonline.org.
42 ?????? 2023
gky osQ fnuksa esa ;g fcYoqQy Li‘ gks x;k gS fd ,vkbZ 
ekuoh; {kerkvksa esa btkiQk dj ldrk gS vkSj gekjs lkeus 
vkus okyh oqQN xaHkhj pqukSfr;ksa ls fuiVus esa gekjh lgk;rk 
Hkh dj ldrk gSA ,vkbZ ,d ,slh rkdr gS tks vfèkd 
fVdkÅ] U;k;laxr vkSj nqfu;k dks ijLij tksM+us dh {kerk 
j•rh gSA gkykafd] blls oqQN egRoiw.kZ uSfrd vkSj lkekftd 
fpark,a Hkh iSnk gks jgh gSaA blosQ fy, i;kZIr uhfrxr fopkj 
vkSj çfrfØ;kvksa dh vko';drk gSA ;g ,vkbZ osQ ftEesnkjh 
ls fd;s tkus okys fodkl vkSj ifjfu;kstu dh vko';drk 
ij tksj nsrk gS rkfd ;g lqfuf'pr fd;k tk losQ fd bldh 
ifjorZudkjh 'kfDr ls lHkh dks ykHk gks vkSj dksbZ Hkh ihNs 
u NwVsA
th20 usrkvksa dk ubZ fnYyh ?kks"k.kki=k vkSj ftEesnkj 
,vkbZ 
jkT;ksa dks ukxfjdksa osQ fgrksa] lqj{kk vkSj j{kk mís';ksa osQ 
fy, ,vkbZ osQ bLrseky ij ftEesnkj O;ogkj viukus osQ fy, 
dgk tk jgk gSA bl lanHkZ esa] ubZ fnYyh esa gky gh esa lai 
th20 f'k•j lEesyu (9&10 flracj 2023) us ftEesnkj 
,vkbZ ls lacafèkr dbZ igyqvksa ij ppkZ dhA th20 osQ 
vfèkdka'k lnL; ,vkbZ osQ ftEesnkj mi;ksx osQ fy, •kldj 
tsu,vkbZ vuqç;ksxksa osQ vkxeu osQ ckn ls fu;e LFkkfir djus 
dh fn'kk esa dke dj jgs gSaA ;wjksih; la?k dk çLrkfor ,vkbZ 
vfèkfu;e ,vkbZ osQ ftEesnkj fodkl osQ fy, ,d fu;ked 
<kapk LFkkfir djus dk lcls cM+k ç;kl gS tks eq[; :i ls 
MkVk dh xq.koÙkk] ikjnf'kZrk] ekuo fujh{k.k vkSj tokcnsgh osQ 
fu;eksa dks etcwr cukus ij osQafær gSA
1
th20 usrkvksa dk ubZ fnYyh ?kks"k.kki=k ^csgrjh vkSj lHkh 
osQ fy, ftEesnkj ,vkbZ* dk mi;ksx djus osQ egRo ij 
çdk'k Mkyrk gSA
2
 blesa dgk x;k gS fd th20 usrk yksxksa osQ 
vfèkdkjksa vkSj lqj{kk dh j{kk djrs gq, ftEesnkj] lekos'kh 
vkSj ekuo&osQafær rjhosQ ls pqukSfr;ksa dk lekèkku djosQ turk 
dh HkykbZ osQ fy, ,vkbZ dk ykHk mBkus osQ fy, çfrc¼ 
gSaA blesa dgk x;k gS fd ftEesnkj ,vkbZ fodkl] ifjfu;kstu 
vkSj mi;ksx lqfuf'pr djus osQ fy,] ekuokfèkdkjksa dh lqj{kk] 
ikjnf'kZrk vkSj O;k[;kRedrk] fu"i{krk] tokcnsgh] fofu;eu] 
lqj{kk] mfpr ekuo fujh{k.k] uSfrdrk] iwokZxzg] xksiuh;rk vkSj 
MkVk lqj{kk ij fo'ks"k èk;ku fn;k tkuk pkfg,A blosQ vykok] 
?kks"k.kk esa mYys• fd;k x;k gS fd th20 osQ lnL; ns'k 
,d uoksUes"k fu;eu@'kklu utfj;s dks viuk,a ftlls bldk 
vfèkdre ykHk gkfly fd;k tk losQ vkSj lkFk gh ,vkbZ osQ 
mi;ksx ls tqM+s tksf•eksa ij Hkh ut+j j•saA
;g ?kks"k.kki=k 2019 osQ th20 ,vkbZ fl¼karksa osQ çfr Hkh 
usrkvksa dh çfrc¼rk dh iqf‘ Hkh djrk gSA bu fl¼karksa dks 
2019 vkslkdk f'k•j lEesyu esa viuk;k x;k Fkk vkSj blesa 
,vkbZ osQ ekuo&osQafær n`f‘dks.k dks js•kafdr fd;k x;k FkkA
3
 
os ,vkbZ ij vkfFkZd lg;ksx vkSj fodkl laxBu osQ fl¼karksa 
ls çsj.kk ysrs gSa] ftUgsa 2019 esa Hkh viuk;k x;k Fkk] ;g 
fl¼kar çkS|ksfxdh dks uohu vkSj Hkjkslsean cukus dk leFkZu 
djrs gSa vkSj ekuokfèkdkjksa vkSj yksdrkaf=kd ewY;ksa dk lEeku 
djrs gSaA
4
 blosQ vykok] ?kks"k.kki=k ekuo iwath fodkl osQ 
leFkZu esa fuos'k osQ egRo dks Hkh js•kafdr djrk gSA bl 
fn'kk esa] th20 usrkvksa us 'kS{kf.kd laLFkkuksa vkSj f'k{kdksa dks 
leFkZu nsus ij lgefr O;Dr dh rkfd os ,vkbZ lfgr cnyrs 
gq, u, #>kuksa vkSj rduhdh çxfr osQ lkFk rkyesy cuk, 
j• losQaA ;g ukSdjh ;k jkstxkj djus osQ bPNqd ;qokvksa osQ 
fy, dkS'ky çnku djus esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkk,xk vkSj 
,vkbZ osQ çfrowQy vkfFkZd çHkkoksa dh fparkvksa dks nwj djsxkA
,vkbZ osQ uSfrd tksf•e D;k gSa\
,vkbZ osQ uSfrd nq#i;ksx ls lacafèkr ?kVukvksa ij utj 
j•us okyh laLFkk ,vkbZ,,vkbZlh (,vkbZ] ,YxksfjFke vkSj 
vkWVkses'ku ekeys vkSj fookn) MkVkcsl osQ vuqlkj] 2012 osQ 
ckn ls ,vkbZ osQ nq:i;ksx vkSj mlls tqM+s fooknksa dh la[;k 
26 xquk c<+ xbZ gSA
5
LokLF; vkSj foÙk tSlh lsokvksa esa ,vkbZ osQ bLrseky 
osQ ckjs esa ,vkbZ osQ dbZ vkykspdksa us fyax vkSj uLyh; 
iwokZxzg osQ ckjs esa Hkh fpark trkbZ gSA gkykafd ,slk osQoy 
çrhr gksrk gS] ,vkbZ fu"i{k ugha gS] bu iwokZxzgksa osQ çfr 
ftEesnkj ,vkbZ
viuk;k tk jgk <kapk % isQf'k;y fjdkWfXu'ku VsDuksykWth 
ij mi;ksx ekeyk n`f"Vdks.k
Page 3


41 ?????? 2023
f=ke esèkk (,vkbZ) euq";ksa osQ ijLij ckrphr 
djus] m|ksxksa osQ dkedkt vkSj lektksa dh 
lajpuk osQ rjhosQ dks cny jgh gSA fofHk 
dk;Z{ks=kksa] ns'kksa vkSj ekuo dYiukvksa esa ,vkbZ dh çrhr gksus 
okyh vlhfer {kerk us dbZ vuqç;ksxksa dks tUe fn;k gSA 
orZeku vuqç;ksxksa esa rLohjsa vkSj ewyikB lfgr ykWftfLVDl] 
fu.kZ; ysus esa lgk;rk] Lok;Ùk okgu vkSj gokbZ ç.kkyh] 
lkbcj lqj{kk vkfn osQ fy, rLohjsa vkSj ewyikB dk MkVk 
fo'ys"k.k 'kkfey gSaA blosQ vfrfjDr] bldk mi;ksx lqj{kk] 
fuxjkuh vkSj eky çcaèku osQ fy, fd;k tk jgk gSA bls 
Ñf"k] foÙkh; dk;ks± esa çkS|ksfxdh osQ mi;ksx (fiQuVsd)] 
LokLF; lsok] fofuekZ.k vkSj tyok;q ifjorZu tSls {ks=kksa esa 
Hkh cM+s iSekus ij ykxw fd;k tk jgk gS] ftlls bu lHkh esa 
dkiQh ykHk feyk gSA
ubZ fnYyh osQ usrkvksa dk ?kks"k.kki=k ^csgrjh vkSj lHkh osQ fy, ftEesnkj ,vkbZ* dk 
mi;ksx djus osQ egRo ij çdk'k Mkyrk gSA blesa dgk x;k gS fd th20 usrk yksxksa osQ 
vfèkdkjksa vkSj lqj{kk dh j{kk djrs gq, ftEesnkj] lekos'kh vkSj ekuo&osQafær rjhosQ ls 
pqukSfr;ksa dk lekèkku djosQ turk dh HkykbZ osQ fy, ,vkbZ dk ykHk mBkus osQ fy, 
çfrc¼ gSaA bl rjg osQ lewg bl lacaèk esa usr`Ro djus osQ fy, mi;qDr fLFkfr esa gSa] blls 
,vkbZ osQ mi;ksx esa uokpkj vkSj uSfrdrk osQ chp varj dks de fd;k tk losQxkA
Ñ
Ñf=ke esèkk ¼,vkbZ½ dk ftEesnkj mi;ksx
uSfrdrk ds lkFk uoksUes"k
f'keksuk eksgu
MkW lehj ikfVy
twfu;j isQyks] lsaVj iQkWj flD;ksfjVh] LVªSVsth ,aM VsDuksykWth] vksvkj,iQA  
bZesy% shimona.mohan@orfonline.org.
ofj’ isQyks vkSj mi funs'kd] vkWCtoZj fjlpZ iQkmaMs'ku (vksvkj,iQ)] çkS|ksfxdh vkSj jk‘ªh; lqj{kk 
osQ varl±caèk ij dk;ZjrA bZesy% sameer.patil@orfonline.org.
42 ?????? 2023
gky osQ fnuksa esa ;g fcYoqQy Li‘ gks x;k gS fd ,vkbZ 
ekuoh; {kerkvksa esa btkiQk dj ldrk gS vkSj gekjs lkeus 
vkus okyh oqQN xaHkhj pqukSfr;ksa ls fuiVus esa gekjh lgk;rk 
Hkh dj ldrk gSA ,vkbZ ,d ,slh rkdr gS tks vfèkd 
fVdkÅ] U;k;laxr vkSj nqfu;k dks ijLij tksM+us dh {kerk 
j•rh gSA gkykafd] blls oqQN egRoiw.kZ uSfrd vkSj lkekftd 
fpark,a Hkh iSnk gks jgh gSaA blosQ fy, i;kZIr uhfrxr fopkj 
vkSj çfrfØ;kvksa dh vko';drk gSA ;g ,vkbZ osQ ftEesnkjh 
ls fd;s tkus okys fodkl vkSj ifjfu;kstu dh vko';drk 
ij tksj nsrk gS rkfd ;g lqfuf'pr fd;k tk losQ fd bldh 
ifjorZudkjh 'kfDr ls lHkh dks ykHk gks vkSj dksbZ Hkh ihNs 
u NwVsA
th20 usrkvksa dk ubZ fnYyh ?kks"k.kki=k vkSj ftEesnkj 
,vkbZ 
jkT;ksa dks ukxfjdksa osQ fgrksa] lqj{kk vkSj j{kk mís';ksa osQ 
fy, ,vkbZ osQ bLrseky ij ftEesnkj O;ogkj viukus osQ fy, 
dgk tk jgk gSA bl lanHkZ esa] ubZ fnYyh esa gky gh esa lai 
th20 f'k•j lEesyu (9&10 flracj 2023) us ftEesnkj 
,vkbZ ls lacafèkr dbZ igyqvksa ij ppkZ dhA th20 osQ 
vfèkdka'k lnL; ,vkbZ osQ ftEesnkj mi;ksx osQ fy, •kldj 
tsu,vkbZ vuqç;ksxksa osQ vkxeu osQ ckn ls fu;e LFkkfir djus 
dh fn'kk esa dke dj jgs gSaA ;wjksih; la?k dk çLrkfor ,vkbZ 
vfèkfu;e ,vkbZ osQ ftEesnkj fodkl osQ fy, ,d fu;ked 
<kapk LFkkfir djus dk lcls cM+k ç;kl gS tks eq[; :i ls 
MkVk dh xq.koÙkk] ikjnf'kZrk] ekuo fujh{k.k vkSj tokcnsgh osQ 
fu;eksa dks etcwr cukus ij osQafær gSA
1
th20 usrkvksa dk ubZ fnYyh ?kks"k.kki=k ^csgrjh vkSj lHkh 
osQ fy, ftEesnkj ,vkbZ* dk mi;ksx djus osQ egRo ij 
çdk'k Mkyrk gSA
2
 blesa dgk x;k gS fd th20 usrk yksxksa osQ 
vfèkdkjksa vkSj lqj{kk dh j{kk djrs gq, ftEesnkj] lekos'kh 
vkSj ekuo&osQafær rjhosQ ls pqukSfr;ksa dk lekèkku djosQ turk 
dh HkykbZ osQ fy, ,vkbZ dk ykHk mBkus osQ fy, çfrc¼ 
gSaA blesa dgk x;k gS fd ftEesnkj ,vkbZ fodkl] ifjfu;kstu 
vkSj mi;ksx lqfuf'pr djus osQ fy,] ekuokfèkdkjksa dh lqj{kk] 
ikjnf'kZrk vkSj O;k[;kRedrk] fu"i{krk] tokcnsgh] fofu;eu] 
lqj{kk] mfpr ekuo fujh{k.k] uSfrdrk] iwokZxzg] xksiuh;rk vkSj 
MkVk lqj{kk ij fo'ks"k èk;ku fn;k tkuk pkfg,A blosQ vykok] 
?kks"k.kk esa mYys• fd;k x;k gS fd th20 osQ lnL; ns'k 
,d uoksUes"k fu;eu@'kklu utfj;s dks viuk,a ftlls bldk 
vfèkdre ykHk gkfly fd;k tk losQ vkSj lkFk gh ,vkbZ osQ 
mi;ksx ls tqM+s tksf•eksa ij Hkh ut+j j•saA
;g ?kks"k.kki=k 2019 osQ th20 ,vkbZ fl¼karksa osQ çfr Hkh 
usrkvksa dh çfrc¼rk dh iqf‘ Hkh djrk gSA bu fl¼karksa dks 
2019 vkslkdk f'k•j lEesyu esa viuk;k x;k Fkk vkSj blesa 
,vkbZ osQ ekuo&osQafær n`f‘dks.k dks js•kafdr fd;k x;k FkkA
3
 
os ,vkbZ ij vkfFkZd lg;ksx vkSj fodkl laxBu osQ fl¼karksa 
ls çsj.kk ysrs gSa] ftUgsa 2019 esa Hkh viuk;k x;k Fkk] ;g 
fl¼kar çkS|ksfxdh dks uohu vkSj Hkjkslsean cukus dk leFkZu 
djrs gSa vkSj ekuokfèkdkjksa vkSj yksdrkaf=kd ewY;ksa dk lEeku 
djrs gSaA
4
 blosQ vykok] ?kks"k.kki=k ekuo iwath fodkl osQ 
leFkZu esa fuos'k osQ egRo dks Hkh js•kafdr djrk gSA bl 
fn'kk esa] th20 usrkvksa us 'kS{kf.kd laLFkkuksa vkSj f'k{kdksa dks 
leFkZu nsus ij lgefr O;Dr dh rkfd os ,vkbZ lfgr cnyrs 
gq, u, #>kuksa vkSj rduhdh çxfr osQ lkFk rkyesy cuk, 
j• losQaA ;g ukSdjh ;k jkstxkj djus osQ bPNqd ;qokvksa osQ 
fy, dkS'ky çnku djus esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkk,xk vkSj 
,vkbZ osQ çfrowQy vkfFkZd çHkkoksa dh fparkvksa dks nwj djsxkA
,vkbZ osQ uSfrd tksf•e D;k gSa\
,vkbZ osQ uSfrd nq#i;ksx ls lacafèkr ?kVukvksa ij utj 
j•us okyh laLFkk ,vkbZ,,vkbZlh (,vkbZ] ,YxksfjFke vkSj 
vkWVkses'ku ekeys vkSj fookn) MkVkcsl osQ vuqlkj] 2012 osQ 
ckn ls ,vkbZ osQ nq:i;ksx vkSj mlls tqM+s fooknksa dh la[;k 
26 xquk c<+ xbZ gSA
5
LokLF; vkSj foÙk tSlh lsokvksa esa ,vkbZ osQ bLrseky 
osQ ckjs esa ,vkbZ osQ dbZ vkykspdksa us fyax vkSj uLyh; 
iwokZxzg osQ ckjs esa Hkh fpark trkbZ gSA gkykafd ,slk osQoy 
çrhr gksrk gS] ,vkbZ fu"i{k ugha gS] bu iwokZxzgksa osQ çfr 
ftEesnkj ,vkbZ
viuk;k tk jgk <kapk % isQf'k;y fjdkWfXu'ku VsDuksykWth 
ij mi;ksx ekeyk n`f"Vdks.k
43 ?????? 2023
laosnu'khyrk osQ vHkko esa og bUgsa dksM esa çksxzke djus osQ 
vykok vius vkmViqV esa bUgsa ut+jvankt Hkh dj ldrk 
gSA
6
 ;fn fdlh ,vkbZ flLVe dks fodflr djus esa mi;ksx 
fd, x, MkVklsV iwjs ugha gSa ;k mudk fdlh mi&lewg 
osQ çfr >qdko gS rks os ,sls ifj.kke mRi djsxk tks mu 
mi&lewgksa dks gkf'k, ij j• nsxk ;k mUgsa ifjn`'; ls gh 
gVk nsxkA fiQj Hkh] Hkys gh dksbZ MkVklsV fcyoqQy lVhd gks 
vkSj tula[;k dk lgh çfrfufèk djrk gks] fiQj Hkh MkVk ij 
ykxw i{kikrh e'khu yfu±x (,e,y) ,Yxksfjne i{kikriw.kZ  
ifj.kke ;k vkmViqV ns ldrk gSA
vfèkdka'k lapkfyr ,e,y ekWMy esa] çf'k{k.k MkVklsV 
dks ekuo Msoyij ;k dksMj }kjk yscy fn, tkrs gSa rkfd 
,e,y ekWMy igys ls ekStwn tkudkjh dks oxhZÑr djus esa 
l{ke gks losQA fiQj ekWMy bl oxhZdj.k flaVSDl osQ vkèkkj 
ij mls nh xbZ ubZ tkudkjh dh fo'ks"krk dks le>rk gS] mlosQ 
ckn ;g ,d ifj.kke mRi djrk gSA bl çfØ;k esa iwokZxzg 
osQ nks laHkkfor rjhosQ gks ldrs gSa% igyk] ;fn ekuo MsoyilZ 
Lo;a osQ iwokZxzg ls xzLr gS] ftUgsa os flLVe esa Mky ldrk gS 
;k vKkurk osQ dkj.k iwoZxzg dks cus gh jgus ns ldrk gS_ vkSj 
nwljk rjhdk gS ;fn ,vkbZ@,e,y flLVe osQ ^CySd ckWDl* 
osQ Hkhrj MkVk osQ çlaLdj.k esa igys ls gh iwokZxzgksa dks Mky 
fn;k tkrk gS rks bls ekuo vkWijsVjksa }kjk le>uk laHko ugha 
gksrk gSA
7
 tSlk fd uke ls gh tkfgj gS] CySd ckWDl flLVe 
dh lh•us dh çfØ;k dks vikjn'khZ cukrk gS] vkSj blosQ 
,Yxksfjne dks osQoy vkmViqV mRi gksus osQ ckn gh Bhd 
fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj ekuo Msoyij bldh iqf‘ djrk gS 
fd buiqV MkVk dks lalkfèkr djus esa dksbZ leL;k vk jgh FkhA
blosQ vykok] lkèkkj.k Hkk"kk esa fn, x, fooj.k ls 
okLrfod rLohjksa vkSj dyk lacèkh ,sIl osQ dkj.k dkWihjkbV 
vkSj xksiuh;rk mYya?ku tSls eqíksa ij uSfrd fpark,a Hkh lkeus 
vk jgh gSA
8]9
 dbZ dykdkjksa us bl rjg osQ dbZ ,sIl ij ewy 
dykdkjksa dh lgefr osQ fcuk osc ;k baVjusV ls fudkyh xbZ 
rLohjksa vkSj fp=kksa osQ vkèkkj ij vius ,Yxksfjne dks çf'kf{kr 
djus dk vkjksi yxk;k gSA
10
 blosQ lkFk gh ;q¼ osQ eSnku esa Hkh ,vkbZ osQ nq#i;ksx 
osQ ckjs esa fpark,a mRi gqbZ gSaA Mªksu dh y{; vkSj fuxjkuh 
{kerkvksa ij ;g lansg iSnk djrk gSA ;g Mªksu ;q¼ esa ,vkbZ 
dk mi;ksx&ekeyk gS ftlesa fgalkRed ifj.kke gks ldrs gSaA 
vU; ekeyksa esa] vkykspdksa us voSèk fuxjkuh osQ fy, ,vkbZ 
osQ nq#i;ksx ij Hkh è;ku fn;k gSA lkbcj lqj{kk {ks=k esa] 
tsujsfVo ,vkbZ ,fIyosQ'ku rsth ls oSèk rjhdksa ls Hkh lqj{kk 
•rjs iSnk dj jgs gSa D;ksafd mudk xyr mi;ksx fd;k tk jgk 
gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] lkbcj vijkèkh ,vkbZ dh enn ls Hkze 
iSQykus vkSj cgqewY; tkudkjh ,d=k djus osQ fy, cM+s iSekus 
ij Hkzked (fi+Qf'kax) bZesy cukrs gSaA eSU;qvy :i ls rS;kj 
fd, x, Hkzked bZesy dh rqyuk esa ;g fi+Qf'kax bZesy vfèkd 
fo'oluh; yxrs gSaA gkykafd] blls Hkh vfèkd ?kkrd •rjk 
^MhiisQd* osQ ekè;e ls mHkjk gS] tks ,e,y dk mi;ksx djosQ 
flaFksfVd ;k Ñf=ke ehfM;k mRi djrk gSA ,slh okLrfod 
fn•us okyh lkexzh dks lR;kfir djuk eqf'dy gksrk gS vkSj 
;g nq"çpkj dk ,d 'kfDr'kkyh midj.k cu x;k 
gS ftlls jk‘ªh; lqj{kk çHkkfor gksrh gSA mnkgj.k 
osQ fy,] ekpZ 2022 esa] ;wØsuh jk‘ªifr oyksnhfej 
t+sysaLdh }kjk vius lSfudksa dks vkReleiZ.k djus osQ 
fy, dgus dk ,d iQthZ ohfM;ks ;wØsuh ukxfjdksa 
osQ chp ok;jy gks x;k] ftlls dkiQh Hkze iSnk gks 
x;k] tcfd mudh lsuk :lh lsuk osQ f•ykiQ yM+ 
jgh FkhA
11
j{kk vkSj lqj{kk osQ vkykok ,vkbZ ls çfrowQy 
vkfFkZd çHkkoksa dh vk'kadk Hkh iSnk gks jgh gSA ,d 
vk'kadk ;g trkbZ tk jgh gS fd ,vkbZ Lopkyu 
laHkkfor :i ls ekuo Je cktkj dh fLFkfr dks 
cny dj j• nsxk ftldk ,sls fodkl'khy ns'kksa dh 
vFkZO;oLFkkvksa ij xaHkhj çHkko iM+sxk tks vHkh Hkh 
ekuo Je vkSj ekuo lalkèkuksa ij fuHkZj gSaA
12]13
ftEesnkj ,vkbZ D;k gS\
bu fLFkfr;ksa us ftEesnkj ,vkbZ (vkj,vkbZ) vkSj 
bls fofu;fer djus dh t:jr iSnk dh gSA ftEesnkj 
Page 4


41 ?????? 2023
f=ke esèkk (,vkbZ) euq";ksa osQ ijLij ckrphr 
djus] m|ksxksa osQ dkedkt vkSj lektksa dh 
lajpuk osQ rjhosQ dks cny jgh gSA fofHk 
dk;Z{ks=kksa] ns'kksa vkSj ekuo dYiukvksa esa ,vkbZ dh çrhr gksus 
okyh vlhfer {kerk us dbZ vuqç;ksxksa dks tUe fn;k gSA 
orZeku vuqç;ksxksa esa rLohjsa vkSj ewyikB lfgr ykWftfLVDl] 
fu.kZ; ysus esa lgk;rk] Lok;Ùk okgu vkSj gokbZ ç.kkyh] 
lkbcj lqj{kk vkfn osQ fy, rLohjsa vkSj ewyikB dk MkVk 
fo'ys"k.k 'kkfey gSaA blosQ vfrfjDr] bldk mi;ksx lqj{kk] 
fuxjkuh vkSj eky çcaèku osQ fy, fd;k tk jgk gSA bls 
Ñf"k] foÙkh; dk;ks± esa çkS|ksfxdh osQ mi;ksx (fiQuVsd)] 
LokLF; lsok] fofuekZ.k vkSj tyok;q ifjorZu tSls {ks=kksa esa 
Hkh cM+s iSekus ij ykxw fd;k tk jgk gS] ftlls bu lHkh esa 
dkiQh ykHk feyk gSA
ubZ fnYyh osQ usrkvksa dk ?kks"k.kki=k ^csgrjh vkSj lHkh osQ fy, ftEesnkj ,vkbZ* dk 
mi;ksx djus osQ egRo ij çdk'k Mkyrk gSA blesa dgk x;k gS fd th20 usrk yksxksa osQ 
vfèkdkjksa vkSj lqj{kk dh j{kk djrs gq, ftEesnkj] lekos'kh vkSj ekuo&osQafær rjhosQ ls 
pqukSfr;ksa dk lekèkku djosQ turk dh HkykbZ osQ fy, ,vkbZ dk ykHk mBkus osQ fy, 
çfrc¼ gSaA bl rjg osQ lewg bl lacaèk esa usr`Ro djus osQ fy, mi;qDr fLFkfr esa gSa] blls 
,vkbZ osQ mi;ksx esa uokpkj vkSj uSfrdrk osQ chp varj dks de fd;k tk losQxkA
Ñ
Ñf=ke esèkk ¼,vkbZ½ dk ftEesnkj mi;ksx
uSfrdrk ds lkFk uoksUes"k
f'keksuk eksgu
MkW lehj ikfVy
twfu;j isQyks] lsaVj iQkWj flD;ksfjVh] LVªSVsth ,aM VsDuksykWth] vksvkj,iQA  
bZesy% shimona.mohan@orfonline.org.
ofj’ isQyks vkSj mi funs'kd] vkWCtoZj fjlpZ iQkmaMs'ku (vksvkj,iQ)] çkS|ksfxdh vkSj jk‘ªh; lqj{kk 
osQ varl±caèk ij dk;ZjrA bZesy% sameer.patil@orfonline.org.
42 ?????? 2023
gky osQ fnuksa esa ;g fcYoqQy Li‘ gks x;k gS fd ,vkbZ 
ekuoh; {kerkvksa esa btkiQk dj ldrk gS vkSj gekjs lkeus 
vkus okyh oqQN xaHkhj pqukSfr;ksa ls fuiVus esa gekjh lgk;rk 
Hkh dj ldrk gSA ,vkbZ ,d ,slh rkdr gS tks vfèkd 
fVdkÅ] U;k;laxr vkSj nqfu;k dks ijLij tksM+us dh {kerk 
j•rh gSA gkykafd] blls oqQN egRoiw.kZ uSfrd vkSj lkekftd 
fpark,a Hkh iSnk gks jgh gSaA blosQ fy, i;kZIr uhfrxr fopkj 
vkSj çfrfØ;kvksa dh vko';drk gSA ;g ,vkbZ osQ ftEesnkjh 
ls fd;s tkus okys fodkl vkSj ifjfu;kstu dh vko';drk 
ij tksj nsrk gS rkfd ;g lqfuf'pr fd;k tk losQ fd bldh 
ifjorZudkjh 'kfDr ls lHkh dks ykHk gks vkSj dksbZ Hkh ihNs 
u NwVsA
th20 usrkvksa dk ubZ fnYyh ?kks"k.kki=k vkSj ftEesnkj 
,vkbZ 
jkT;ksa dks ukxfjdksa osQ fgrksa] lqj{kk vkSj j{kk mís';ksa osQ 
fy, ,vkbZ osQ bLrseky ij ftEesnkj O;ogkj viukus osQ fy, 
dgk tk jgk gSA bl lanHkZ esa] ubZ fnYyh esa gky gh esa lai 
th20 f'k•j lEesyu (9&10 flracj 2023) us ftEesnkj 
,vkbZ ls lacafèkr dbZ igyqvksa ij ppkZ dhA th20 osQ 
vfèkdka'k lnL; ,vkbZ osQ ftEesnkj mi;ksx osQ fy, •kldj 
tsu,vkbZ vuqç;ksxksa osQ vkxeu osQ ckn ls fu;e LFkkfir djus 
dh fn'kk esa dke dj jgs gSaA ;wjksih; la?k dk çLrkfor ,vkbZ 
vfèkfu;e ,vkbZ osQ ftEesnkj fodkl osQ fy, ,d fu;ked 
<kapk LFkkfir djus dk lcls cM+k ç;kl gS tks eq[; :i ls 
MkVk dh xq.koÙkk] ikjnf'kZrk] ekuo fujh{k.k vkSj tokcnsgh osQ 
fu;eksa dks etcwr cukus ij osQafær gSA
1
th20 usrkvksa dk ubZ fnYyh ?kks"k.kki=k ^csgrjh vkSj lHkh 
osQ fy, ftEesnkj ,vkbZ* dk mi;ksx djus osQ egRo ij 
çdk'k Mkyrk gSA
2
 blesa dgk x;k gS fd th20 usrk yksxksa osQ 
vfèkdkjksa vkSj lqj{kk dh j{kk djrs gq, ftEesnkj] lekos'kh 
vkSj ekuo&osQafær rjhosQ ls pqukSfr;ksa dk lekèkku djosQ turk 
dh HkykbZ osQ fy, ,vkbZ dk ykHk mBkus osQ fy, çfrc¼ 
gSaA blesa dgk x;k gS fd ftEesnkj ,vkbZ fodkl] ifjfu;kstu 
vkSj mi;ksx lqfuf'pr djus osQ fy,] ekuokfèkdkjksa dh lqj{kk] 
ikjnf'kZrk vkSj O;k[;kRedrk] fu"i{krk] tokcnsgh] fofu;eu] 
lqj{kk] mfpr ekuo fujh{k.k] uSfrdrk] iwokZxzg] xksiuh;rk vkSj 
MkVk lqj{kk ij fo'ks"k èk;ku fn;k tkuk pkfg,A blosQ vykok] 
?kks"k.kk esa mYys• fd;k x;k gS fd th20 osQ lnL; ns'k 
,d uoksUes"k fu;eu@'kklu utfj;s dks viuk,a ftlls bldk 
vfèkdre ykHk gkfly fd;k tk losQ vkSj lkFk gh ,vkbZ osQ 
mi;ksx ls tqM+s tksf•eksa ij Hkh ut+j j•saA
;g ?kks"k.kki=k 2019 osQ th20 ,vkbZ fl¼karksa osQ çfr Hkh 
usrkvksa dh çfrc¼rk dh iqf‘ Hkh djrk gSA bu fl¼karksa dks 
2019 vkslkdk f'k•j lEesyu esa viuk;k x;k Fkk vkSj blesa 
,vkbZ osQ ekuo&osQafær n`f‘dks.k dks js•kafdr fd;k x;k FkkA
3
 
os ,vkbZ ij vkfFkZd lg;ksx vkSj fodkl laxBu osQ fl¼karksa 
ls çsj.kk ysrs gSa] ftUgsa 2019 esa Hkh viuk;k x;k Fkk] ;g 
fl¼kar çkS|ksfxdh dks uohu vkSj Hkjkslsean cukus dk leFkZu 
djrs gSa vkSj ekuokfèkdkjksa vkSj yksdrkaf=kd ewY;ksa dk lEeku 
djrs gSaA
4
 blosQ vykok] ?kks"k.kki=k ekuo iwath fodkl osQ 
leFkZu esa fuos'k osQ egRo dks Hkh js•kafdr djrk gSA bl 
fn'kk esa] th20 usrkvksa us 'kS{kf.kd laLFkkuksa vkSj f'k{kdksa dks 
leFkZu nsus ij lgefr O;Dr dh rkfd os ,vkbZ lfgr cnyrs 
gq, u, #>kuksa vkSj rduhdh çxfr osQ lkFk rkyesy cuk, 
j• losQaA ;g ukSdjh ;k jkstxkj djus osQ bPNqd ;qokvksa osQ 
fy, dkS'ky çnku djus esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkk,xk vkSj 
,vkbZ osQ çfrowQy vkfFkZd çHkkoksa dh fparkvksa dks nwj djsxkA
,vkbZ osQ uSfrd tksf•e D;k gSa\
,vkbZ osQ uSfrd nq#i;ksx ls lacafèkr ?kVukvksa ij utj 
j•us okyh laLFkk ,vkbZ,,vkbZlh (,vkbZ] ,YxksfjFke vkSj 
vkWVkses'ku ekeys vkSj fookn) MkVkcsl osQ vuqlkj] 2012 osQ 
ckn ls ,vkbZ osQ nq:i;ksx vkSj mlls tqM+s fooknksa dh la[;k 
26 xquk c<+ xbZ gSA
5
LokLF; vkSj foÙk tSlh lsokvksa esa ,vkbZ osQ bLrseky 
osQ ckjs esa ,vkbZ osQ dbZ vkykspdksa us fyax vkSj uLyh; 
iwokZxzg osQ ckjs esa Hkh fpark trkbZ gSA gkykafd ,slk osQoy 
çrhr gksrk gS] ,vkbZ fu"i{k ugha gS] bu iwokZxzgksa osQ çfr 
ftEesnkj ,vkbZ
viuk;k tk jgk <kapk % isQf'k;y fjdkWfXu'ku VsDuksykWth 
ij mi;ksx ekeyk n`f"Vdks.k
43 ?????? 2023
laosnu'khyrk osQ vHkko esa og bUgsa dksM esa çksxzke djus osQ 
vykok vius vkmViqV esa bUgsa ut+jvankt Hkh dj ldrk 
gSA
6
 ;fn fdlh ,vkbZ flLVe dks fodflr djus esa mi;ksx 
fd, x, MkVklsV iwjs ugha gSa ;k mudk fdlh mi&lewg 
osQ çfr >qdko gS rks os ,sls ifj.kke mRi djsxk tks mu 
mi&lewgksa dks gkf'k, ij j• nsxk ;k mUgsa ifjn`'; ls gh 
gVk nsxkA fiQj Hkh] Hkys gh dksbZ MkVklsV fcyoqQy lVhd gks 
vkSj tula[;k dk lgh çfrfufèk djrk gks] fiQj Hkh MkVk ij 
ykxw i{kikrh e'khu yfu±x (,e,y) ,Yxksfjne i{kikriw.kZ  
ifj.kke ;k vkmViqV ns ldrk gSA
vfèkdka'k lapkfyr ,e,y ekWMy esa] çf'k{k.k MkVklsV 
dks ekuo Msoyij ;k dksMj }kjk yscy fn, tkrs gSa rkfd 
,e,y ekWMy igys ls ekStwn tkudkjh dks oxhZÑr djus esa 
l{ke gks losQA fiQj ekWMy bl oxhZdj.k flaVSDl osQ vkèkkj 
ij mls nh xbZ ubZ tkudkjh dh fo'ks"krk dks le>rk gS] mlosQ 
ckn ;g ,d ifj.kke mRi djrk gSA bl çfØ;k esa iwokZxzg 
osQ nks laHkkfor rjhosQ gks ldrs gSa% igyk] ;fn ekuo MsoyilZ 
Lo;a osQ iwokZxzg ls xzLr gS] ftUgsa os flLVe esa Mky ldrk gS 
;k vKkurk osQ dkj.k iwoZxzg dks cus gh jgus ns ldrk gS_ vkSj 
nwljk rjhdk gS ;fn ,vkbZ@,e,y flLVe osQ ^CySd ckWDl* 
osQ Hkhrj MkVk osQ çlaLdj.k esa igys ls gh iwokZxzgksa dks Mky 
fn;k tkrk gS rks bls ekuo vkWijsVjksa }kjk le>uk laHko ugha 
gksrk gSA
7
 tSlk fd uke ls gh tkfgj gS] CySd ckWDl flLVe 
dh lh•us dh çfØ;k dks vikjn'khZ cukrk gS] vkSj blosQ 
,Yxksfjne dks osQoy vkmViqV mRi gksus osQ ckn gh Bhd 
fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj ekuo Msoyij bldh iqf‘ djrk gS 
fd buiqV MkVk dks lalkfèkr djus esa dksbZ leL;k vk jgh FkhA
blosQ vykok] lkèkkj.k Hkk"kk esa fn, x, fooj.k ls 
okLrfod rLohjksa vkSj dyk lacèkh ,sIl osQ dkj.k dkWihjkbV 
vkSj xksiuh;rk mYya?ku tSls eqíksa ij uSfrd fpark,a Hkh lkeus 
vk jgh gSA
8]9
 dbZ dykdkjksa us bl rjg osQ dbZ ,sIl ij ewy 
dykdkjksa dh lgefr osQ fcuk osc ;k baVjusV ls fudkyh xbZ 
rLohjksa vkSj fp=kksa osQ vkèkkj ij vius ,Yxksfjne dks çf'kf{kr 
djus dk vkjksi yxk;k gSA
10
 blosQ lkFk gh ;q¼ osQ eSnku esa Hkh ,vkbZ osQ nq#i;ksx 
osQ ckjs esa fpark,a mRi gqbZ gSaA Mªksu dh y{; vkSj fuxjkuh 
{kerkvksa ij ;g lansg iSnk djrk gSA ;g Mªksu ;q¼ esa ,vkbZ 
dk mi;ksx&ekeyk gS ftlesa fgalkRed ifj.kke gks ldrs gSaA 
vU; ekeyksa esa] vkykspdksa us voSèk fuxjkuh osQ fy, ,vkbZ 
osQ nq#i;ksx ij Hkh è;ku fn;k gSA lkbcj lqj{kk {ks=k esa] 
tsujsfVo ,vkbZ ,fIyosQ'ku rsth ls oSèk rjhdksa ls Hkh lqj{kk 
•rjs iSnk dj jgs gSa D;ksafd mudk xyr mi;ksx fd;k tk jgk 
gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] lkbcj vijkèkh ,vkbZ dh enn ls Hkze 
iSQykus vkSj cgqewY; tkudkjh ,d=k djus osQ fy, cM+s iSekus 
ij Hkzked (fi+Qf'kax) bZesy cukrs gSaA eSU;qvy :i ls rS;kj 
fd, x, Hkzked bZesy dh rqyuk esa ;g fi+Qf'kax bZesy vfèkd 
fo'oluh; yxrs gSaA gkykafd] blls Hkh vfèkd ?kkrd •rjk 
^MhiisQd* osQ ekè;e ls mHkjk gS] tks ,e,y dk mi;ksx djosQ 
flaFksfVd ;k Ñf=ke ehfM;k mRi djrk gSA ,slh okLrfod 
fn•us okyh lkexzh dks lR;kfir djuk eqf'dy gksrk gS vkSj 
;g nq"çpkj dk ,d 'kfDr'kkyh midj.k cu x;k 
gS ftlls jk‘ªh; lqj{kk çHkkfor gksrh gSA mnkgj.k 
osQ fy,] ekpZ 2022 esa] ;wØsuh jk‘ªifr oyksnhfej 
t+sysaLdh }kjk vius lSfudksa dks vkReleiZ.k djus osQ 
fy, dgus dk ,d iQthZ ohfM;ks ;wØsuh ukxfjdksa 
osQ chp ok;jy gks x;k] ftlls dkiQh Hkze iSnk gks 
x;k] tcfd mudh lsuk :lh lsuk osQ f•ykiQ yM+ 
jgh FkhA
11
j{kk vkSj lqj{kk osQ vkykok ,vkbZ ls çfrowQy 
vkfFkZd çHkkoksa dh vk'kadk Hkh iSnk gks jgh gSA ,d 
vk'kadk ;g trkbZ tk jgh gS fd ,vkbZ Lopkyu 
laHkkfor :i ls ekuo Je cktkj dh fLFkfr dks 
cny dj j• nsxk ftldk ,sls fodkl'khy ns'kksa dh 
vFkZO;oLFkkvksa ij xaHkhj çHkko iM+sxk tks vHkh Hkh 
ekuo Je vkSj ekuo lalkèkuksa ij fuHkZj gSaA
12]13
ftEesnkj ,vkbZ D;k gS\
bu fLFkfr;ksa us ftEesnkj ,vkbZ (vkj,vkbZ) vkSj 
bls fofu;fer djus dh t:jr iSnk dh gSA ftEesnkj 
44 ?????? 2023
uoksUes"k ikfjfLFkfrfd;ksa dh ekax osQ fy, leFkZu c<+ jgk 
gSA ,vkbZ osQ fodkl vkSj mi;ksx osQ fy, ;g •kl rkSj ls 
çklafxd gSA blesa ftEesnkj uoksUes"k vkSj mi;ksx dks 'kq#vkr 
ls gh laLFkkxr :i fn;k tk ldrk gSA bUgsa ckn esa vuqikyu 
lacaèkh foo'krk osQ :i esa 'kkfey fd, tkus dh t:jr 
ugha gSA bl lanHkZ esa vkj,vkbZ dks vke rkSj ij ,vkbZ dh 
fMtkbfuax] fodkl vkSj rSukrh dh ,slh çfØ;k ekuk x;k gS 
ftlls dkexkj vkSj O;olk;ksa dk l'kDrhdj.k gks rFkk tks 
lekt dks mfpr <ax ls çHkkfor djsA ,vkbZ osQ nksgjs bLrseky 
dh laHkkouk dks ns•rs gq, ;g ,d <hyh vkSj yphyh le> 
gSA ;g vkj,vkbZ dks ,d O;kid ifjHkk"kk nsrh gS ftlesa 
mfpr] O;k[;k ;ksX; vkSj fo'oluh; ,vkbZ ç.kkfy;ka 'kkfey 
gSaA 
Hkkjr vkj,vkbZ ij 2018 ls gh dke dj jgk gSA uhfr 
vk;ksx us 2021 esa bl fo"k; ij nks •aMksa esa ,d fjiksVZ tkjh 
dhA
14
 ;g fjiksVZ vlSfud ,vkbZ foU;klksa dh rSukrh vkSj 
mi;ksx osQ fy, vkj,vkbZ fl¼karksa
15
 osQ çfr n`f‘dks.k vkSj 
muosQ vuqikyu ls lacafèkr FkhA fjiksVZ esa vk;ksx us 7 fl¼karksa 
dks js•kafdr fd;k] tks gSa% lqj{kk vkSj fo'oluh;rk] lekurk] 
lekos'kuh;rk vkSj xSj&HksnHkko] futrk vkSj laj{krk] ikjnf'kZrk] 
tokcnsgh rFkk ldkjkRed ekuoh; ewY;ksa dk cpko vkSj 
lqn`<+hdj.kA mlus ljdkj] vkS|ksfxd laLFkkvksa vkSj ukxfjd 
lekt osQ fy, ,sls mik; lq>k, ftuosQ tfj, bu fl¼karksa dks 
fodflr fd, ;k dkedkt esa yk, tkus okys ,vkbZ mRiknksa 
esa ykxw fd;k tk ldrk gSA Hkkjrh; çkS|ksfxdh m|ksx laLFkk 
jk‘ªh; lkWÝVos;j vkSj lsok oaQiuh la?k (uSldkWe) us 2022 
esa tkjh Hkkjr osQ igys vkj,vkbZ ^gc vkSj VwyfdV*
16
 esa bu 
fl¼karksa dks 'kkfey fd;kA bl VwyfdV osQ {ks=k&fujis{k Vwy 
bdkb;ksa dks mi;ksxdrkZ osQ fo'okl vkSj lqj{kk dks çkFkfedrk 
nsrs gq, ,vkbZ osQ mi;ksx esa leFkZ cukrs gSaA 
th20 osQ usrkvksa osQ ubZ fnYyh ?kks"k.kki=k esa vkj,vkbZ 
dks çeq•rk ls 'kkfey fd, tkus osQ le; ij Hkh xkSj fd;k 
tkuk pkfg,A ;g oSls le; esa gqvk tc Ñf=ke esèkk ij 
oSf'od lg;ksx (thih,vkbZ) dh vè;{krk Hkh Hkkjr osQ 
ikl gSA thih,vkbZ foKku] m|ksx] ukxfjd lekt] varjjkԻh; 
laxBuksa vkSj ljdkjksa osQ fo'ks"kKksa dks ,d eap ij ykus 
okyh cgqfgrèkkjd igy gSA
17
 ;g ftEesnkj ,vkbZ dk;Zlewg 
osQ tfj, ,vkbZ osQ ftEesnkj fodkl esa ;ksxnku djrh gSA
18
 
thih,vkbZ esa fodkl'khy ns'kksa dk de çfrfufèkRo gksus dh 
otg ls Hkkjr dh bldh vè;{krk egRoiw.kZ gSA blosQ 29 
lnL;ksa esa ls fliQZ pkj ns'k vts±Vhuk] czkthy] Hkkjr vkSj 
lsusxy fodkl'khy gSaA Hkkjr bl vlekurk dks ikVus vkSj 
;g lqfuf'pr djus esa lfØ; Hkwfedk fuHkkus dh csgrj 
fLFkfr esa gS fd de fodflr vFkZO;oLFkk,a Hkh ,vkbZ dh 
rjiQ çkS|ksfxdh; ifjorZu dk ykHk mBk losQaA thih,vkbZ dk 
okf"kZd f'k•j lEesyu 12&14 fnlacj] 2023 dks ubZ fnYyh 
esa vk;ksftr fd;k tk,xkA Hkkjr us VksD;ks esa vk;ksftr fiNys 
lEesyu esa lnL;ksa ls vkxzg fd;k Fkk fd os MkVk fu;eu 
ij fu;eksa vkSj fn'kkfunZs'kksa dk lk>k ÚseodZ rS;kj djus osQ 
fy, fey dj dke djsaA bl ÚseodZ dk mís'; mi;ksxdrkZ 
dks gksus okyh {kfr jksduk rFkk baVjusV vkSj ,vkbZ dh lqj{kk 
lqfuf'pr djuk gSA
fu"d"kZ
gkykafd fiNys oqQN o"kks± esa ,vkbZ vkSj blosQ vuqç;ksxksa 
esa rsth ls o`f¼ gqbZ gS vkSj bl {ks=k esa uokpkj dh xqatkb'k 
vlhfer gS] nqfu;k Hkj osQ ns'k blosQ nq#i;ksx osQ •rjksa 
osQ çfr lpsr gks jgs gSaA ;|fi bl eqís dks gy djus osQ 
fy, dbZ rjg dh igy dh xbZ gSa] ysfdu ,vkbZ osQ uSfrd 
vkSj ftEesnkj mi;ksx ij bl le; dksbZ oSf'od lgefr ;k 
fu;ked <kapk ugha gSA blfy,] th20 vkSj thih,vkbZ tSls 
lewg bl lacaèk esa usr`Ro djus osQ fy, mi;qDr fLFkfr esa gSa] 
ftlls ,vkbZ osQ bLrseky esa uokpkj vkSj uSfrdrk osQ chp osQ 
varj dks ikVk tk ldrk gSA th20 osQ usrkvksa dk ubZ fnYyh 
?kks"k.kki=k n'kkZrk gS fd nqfu;k dh lcls cM+h vFkZO;oLFkkvksa 
osQ usrk ,vkbZ osQ laHkkfor ykHkksa vkSj tksf•eksa ls ifjfpr gSa 
Page 5


41 ?????? 2023
f=ke esèkk (,vkbZ) euq";ksa osQ ijLij ckrphr 
djus] m|ksxksa osQ dkedkt vkSj lektksa dh 
lajpuk osQ rjhosQ dks cny jgh gSA fofHk 
dk;Z{ks=kksa] ns'kksa vkSj ekuo dYiukvksa esa ,vkbZ dh çrhr gksus 
okyh vlhfer {kerk us dbZ vuqç;ksxksa dks tUe fn;k gSA 
orZeku vuqç;ksxksa esa rLohjsa vkSj ewyikB lfgr ykWftfLVDl] 
fu.kZ; ysus esa lgk;rk] Lok;Ùk okgu vkSj gokbZ ç.kkyh] 
lkbcj lqj{kk vkfn osQ fy, rLohjsa vkSj ewyikB dk MkVk 
fo'ys"k.k 'kkfey gSaA blosQ vfrfjDr] bldk mi;ksx lqj{kk] 
fuxjkuh vkSj eky çcaèku osQ fy, fd;k tk jgk gSA bls 
Ñf"k] foÙkh; dk;ks± esa çkS|ksfxdh osQ mi;ksx (fiQuVsd)] 
LokLF; lsok] fofuekZ.k vkSj tyok;q ifjorZu tSls {ks=kksa esa 
Hkh cM+s iSekus ij ykxw fd;k tk jgk gS] ftlls bu lHkh esa 
dkiQh ykHk feyk gSA
ubZ fnYyh osQ usrkvksa dk ?kks"k.kki=k ^csgrjh vkSj lHkh osQ fy, ftEesnkj ,vkbZ* dk 
mi;ksx djus osQ egRo ij çdk'k Mkyrk gSA blesa dgk x;k gS fd th20 usrk yksxksa osQ 
vfèkdkjksa vkSj lqj{kk dh j{kk djrs gq, ftEesnkj] lekos'kh vkSj ekuo&osQafær rjhosQ ls 
pqukSfr;ksa dk lekèkku djosQ turk dh HkykbZ osQ fy, ,vkbZ dk ykHk mBkus osQ fy, 
çfrc¼ gSaA bl rjg osQ lewg bl lacaèk esa usr`Ro djus osQ fy, mi;qDr fLFkfr esa gSa] blls 
,vkbZ osQ mi;ksx esa uokpkj vkSj uSfrdrk osQ chp varj dks de fd;k tk losQxkA
Ñ
Ñf=ke esèkk ¼,vkbZ½ dk ftEesnkj mi;ksx
uSfrdrk ds lkFk uoksUes"k
f'keksuk eksgu
MkW lehj ikfVy
twfu;j isQyks] lsaVj iQkWj flD;ksfjVh] LVªSVsth ,aM VsDuksykWth] vksvkj,iQA  
bZesy% shimona.mohan@orfonline.org.
ofj’ isQyks vkSj mi funs'kd] vkWCtoZj fjlpZ iQkmaMs'ku (vksvkj,iQ)] çkS|ksfxdh vkSj jk‘ªh; lqj{kk 
osQ varl±caèk ij dk;ZjrA bZesy% sameer.patil@orfonline.org.
42 ?????? 2023
gky osQ fnuksa esa ;g fcYoqQy Li‘ gks x;k gS fd ,vkbZ 
ekuoh; {kerkvksa esa btkiQk dj ldrk gS vkSj gekjs lkeus 
vkus okyh oqQN xaHkhj pqukSfr;ksa ls fuiVus esa gekjh lgk;rk 
Hkh dj ldrk gSA ,vkbZ ,d ,slh rkdr gS tks vfèkd 
fVdkÅ] U;k;laxr vkSj nqfu;k dks ijLij tksM+us dh {kerk 
j•rh gSA gkykafd] blls oqQN egRoiw.kZ uSfrd vkSj lkekftd 
fpark,a Hkh iSnk gks jgh gSaA blosQ fy, i;kZIr uhfrxr fopkj 
vkSj çfrfØ;kvksa dh vko';drk gSA ;g ,vkbZ osQ ftEesnkjh 
ls fd;s tkus okys fodkl vkSj ifjfu;kstu dh vko';drk 
ij tksj nsrk gS rkfd ;g lqfuf'pr fd;k tk losQ fd bldh 
ifjorZudkjh 'kfDr ls lHkh dks ykHk gks vkSj dksbZ Hkh ihNs 
u NwVsA
th20 usrkvksa dk ubZ fnYyh ?kks"k.kki=k vkSj ftEesnkj 
,vkbZ 
jkT;ksa dks ukxfjdksa osQ fgrksa] lqj{kk vkSj j{kk mís';ksa osQ 
fy, ,vkbZ osQ bLrseky ij ftEesnkj O;ogkj viukus osQ fy, 
dgk tk jgk gSA bl lanHkZ esa] ubZ fnYyh esa gky gh esa lai 
th20 f'k•j lEesyu (9&10 flracj 2023) us ftEesnkj 
,vkbZ ls lacafèkr dbZ igyqvksa ij ppkZ dhA th20 osQ 
vfèkdka'k lnL; ,vkbZ osQ ftEesnkj mi;ksx osQ fy, •kldj 
tsu,vkbZ vuqç;ksxksa osQ vkxeu osQ ckn ls fu;e LFkkfir djus 
dh fn'kk esa dke dj jgs gSaA ;wjksih; la?k dk çLrkfor ,vkbZ 
vfèkfu;e ,vkbZ osQ ftEesnkj fodkl osQ fy, ,d fu;ked 
<kapk LFkkfir djus dk lcls cM+k ç;kl gS tks eq[; :i ls 
MkVk dh xq.koÙkk] ikjnf'kZrk] ekuo fujh{k.k vkSj tokcnsgh osQ 
fu;eksa dks etcwr cukus ij osQafær gSA
1
th20 usrkvksa dk ubZ fnYyh ?kks"k.kki=k ^csgrjh vkSj lHkh 
osQ fy, ftEesnkj ,vkbZ* dk mi;ksx djus osQ egRo ij 
çdk'k Mkyrk gSA
2
 blesa dgk x;k gS fd th20 usrk yksxksa osQ 
vfèkdkjksa vkSj lqj{kk dh j{kk djrs gq, ftEesnkj] lekos'kh 
vkSj ekuo&osQafær rjhosQ ls pqukSfr;ksa dk lekèkku djosQ turk 
dh HkykbZ osQ fy, ,vkbZ dk ykHk mBkus osQ fy, çfrc¼ 
gSaA blesa dgk x;k gS fd ftEesnkj ,vkbZ fodkl] ifjfu;kstu 
vkSj mi;ksx lqfuf'pr djus osQ fy,] ekuokfèkdkjksa dh lqj{kk] 
ikjnf'kZrk vkSj O;k[;kRedrk] fu"i{krk] tokcnsgh] fofu;eu] 
lqj{kk] mfpr ekuo fujh{k.k] uSfrdrk] iwokZxzg] xksiuh;rk vkSj 
MkVk lqj{kk ij fo'ks"k èk;ku fn;k tkuk pkfg,A blosQ vykok] 
?kks"k.kk esa mYys• fd;k x;k gS fd th20 osQ lnL; ns'k 
,d uoksUes"k fu;eu@'kklu utfj;s dks viuk,a ftlls bldk 
vfèkdre ykHk gkfly fd;k tk losQ vkSj lkFk gh ,vkbZ osQ 
mi;ksx ls tqM+s tksf•eksa ij Hkh ut+j j•saA
;g ?kks"k.kki=k 2019 osQ th20 ,vkbZ fl¼karksa osQ çfr Hkh 
usrkvksa dh çfrc¼rk dh iqf‘ Hkh djrk gSA bu fl¼karksa dks 
2019 vkslkdk f'k•j lEesyu esa viuk;k x;k Fkk vkSj blesa 
,vkbZ osQ ekuo&osQafær n`f‘dks.k dks js•kafdr fd;k x;k FkkA
3
 
os ,vkbZ ij vkfFkZd lg;ksx vkSj fodkl laxBu osQ fl¼karksa 
ls çsj.kk ysrs gSa] ftUgsa 2019 esa Hkh viuk;k x;k Fkk] ;g 
fl¼kar çkS|ksfxdh dks uohu vkSj Hkjkslsean cukus dk leFkZu 
djrs gSa vkSj ekuokfèkdkjksa vkSj yksdrkaf=kd ewY;ksa dk lEeku 
djrs gSaA
4
 blosQ vykok] ?kks"k.kki=k ekuo iwath fodkl osQ 
leFkZu esa fuos'k osQ egRo dks Hkh js•kafdr djrk gSA bl 
fn'kk esa] th20 usrkvksa us 'kS{kf.kd laLFkkuksa vkSj f'k{kdksa dks 
leFkZu nsus ij lgefr O;Dr dh rkfd os ,vkbZ lfgr cnyrs 
gq, u, #>kuksa vkSj rduhdh çxfr osQ lkFk rkyesy cuk, 
j• losQaA ;g ukSdjh ;k jkstxkj djus osQ bPNqd ;qokvksa osQ 
fy, dkS'ky çnku djus esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkk,xk vkSj 
,vkbZ osQ çfrowQy vkfFkZd çHkkoksa dh fparkvksa dks nwj djsxkA
,vkbZ osQ uSfrd tksf•e D;k gSa\
,vkbZ osQ uSfrd nq#i;ksx ls lacafèkr ?kVukvksa ij utj 
j•us okyh laLFkk ,vkbZ,,vkbZlh (,vkbZ] ,YxksfjFke vkSj 
vkWVkses'ku ekeys vkSj fookn) MkVkcsl osQ vuqlkj] 2012 osQ 
ckn ls ,vkbZ osQ nq:i;ksx vkSj mlls tqM+s fooknksa dh la[;k 
26 xquk c<+ xbZ gSA
5
LokLF; vkSj foÙk tSlh lsokvksa esa ,vkbZ osQ bLrseky 
osQ ckjs esa ,vkbZ osQ dbZ vkykspdksa us fyax vkSj uLyh; 
iwokZxzg osQ ckjs esa Hkh fpark trkbZ gSA gkykafd ,slk osQoy 
çrhr gksrk gS] ,vkbZ fu"i{k ugha gS] bu iwokZxzgksa osQ çfr 
ftEesnkj ,vkbZ
viuk;k tk jgk <kapk % isQf'k;y fjdkWfXu'ku VsDuksykWth 
ij mi;ksx ekeyk n`f"Vdks.k
43 ?????? 2023
laosnu'khyrk osQ vHkko esa og bUgsa dksM esa çksxzke djus osQ 
vykok vius vkmViqV esa bUgsa ut+jvankt Hkh dj ldrk 
gSA
6
 ;fn fdlh ,vkbZ flLVe dks fodflr djus esa mi;ksx 
fd, x, MkVklsV iwjs ugha gSa ;k mudk fdlh mi&lewg 
osQ çfr >qdko gS rks os ,sls ifj.kke mRi djsxk tks mu 
mi&lewgksa dks gkf'k, ij j• nsxk ;k mUgsa ifjn`'; ls gh 
gVk nsxkA fiQj Hkh] Hkys gh dksbZ MkVklsV fcyoqQy lVhd gks 
vkSj tula[;k dk lgh çfrfufèk djrk gks] fiQj Hkh MkVk ij 
ykxw i{kikrh e'khu yfu±x (,e,y) ,Yxksfjne i{kikriw.kZ  
ifj.kke ;k vkmViqV ns ldrk gSA
vfèkdka'k lapkfyr ,e,y ekWMy esa] çf'k{k.k MkVklsV 
dks ekuo Msoyij ;k dksMj }kjk yscy fn, tkrs gSa rkfd 
,e,y ekWMy igys ls ekStwn tkudkjh dks oxhZÑr djus esa 
l{ke gks losQA fiQj ekWMy bl oxhZdj.k flaVSDl osQ vkèkkj 
ij mls nh xbZ ubZ tkudkjh dh fo'ks"krk dks le>rk gS] mlosQ 
ckn ;g ,d ifj.kke mRi djrk gSA bl çfØ;k esa iwokZxzg 
osQ nks laHkkfor rjhosQ gks ldrs gSa% igyk] ;fn ekuo MsoyilZ 
Lo;a osQ iwokZxzg ls xzLr gS] ftUgsa os flLVe esa Mky ldrk gS 
;k vKkurk osQ dkj.k iwoZxzg dks cus gh jgus ns ldrk gS_ vkSj 
nwljk rjhdk gS ;fn ,vkbZ@,e,y flLVe osQ ^CySd ckWDl* 
osQ Hkhrj MkVk osQ çlaLdj.k esa igys ls gh iwokZxzgksa dks Mky 
fn;k tkrk gS rks bls ekuo vkWijsVjksa }kjk le>uk laHko ugha 
gksrk gSA
7
 tSlk fd uke ls gh tkfgj gS] CySd ckWDl flLVe 
dh lh•us dh çfØ;k dks vikjn'khZ cukrk gS] vkSj blosQ 
,Yxksfjne dks osQoy vkmViqV mRi gksus osQ ckn gh Bhd 
fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj ekuo Msoyij bldh iqf‘ djrk gS 
fd buiqV MkVk dks lalkfèkr djus esa dksbZ leL;k vk jgh FkhA
blosQ vykok] lkèkkj.k Hkk"kk esa fn, x, fooj.k ls 
okLrfod rLohjksa vkSj dyk lacèkh ,sIl osQ dkj.k dkWihjkbV 
vkSj xksiuh;rk mYya?ku tSls eqíksa ij uSfrd fpark,a Hkh lkeus 
vk jgh gSA
8]9
 dbZ dykdkjksa us bl rjg osQ dbZ ,sIl ij ewy 
dykdkjksa dh lgefr osQ fcuk osc ;k baVjusV ls fudkyh xbZ 
rLohjksa vkSj fp=kksa osQ vkèkkj ij vius ,Yxksfjne dks çf'kf{kr 
djus dk vkjksi yxk;k gSA
10
 blosQ lkFk gh ;q¼ osQ eSnku esa Hkh ,vkbZ osQ nq#i;ksx 
osQ ckjs esa fpark,a mRi gqbZ gSaA Mªksu dh y{; vkSj fuxjkuh 
{kerkvksa ij ;g lansg iSnk djrk gSA ;g Mªksu ;q¼ esa ,vkbZ 
dk mi;ksx&ekeyk gS ftlesa fgalkRed ifj.kke gks ldrs gSaA 
vU; ekeyksa esa] vkykspdksa us voSèk fuxjkuh osQ fy, ,vkbZ 
osQ nq#i;ksx ij Hkh è;ku fn;k gSA lkbcj lqj{kk {ks=k esa] 
tsujsfVo ,vkbZ ,fIyosQ'ku rsth ls oSèk rjhdksa ls Hkh lqj{kk 
•rjs iSnk dj jgs gSa D;ksafd mudk xyr mi;ksx fd;k tk jgk 
gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] lkbcj vijkèkh ,vkbZ dh enn ls Hkze 
iSQykus vkSj cgqewY; tkudkjh ,d=k djus osQ fy, cM+s iSekus 
ij Hkzked (fi+Qf'kax) bZesy cukrs gSaA eSU;qvy :i ls rS;kj 
fd, x, Hkzked bZesy dh rqyuk esa ;g fi+Qf'kax bZesy vfèkd 
fo'oluh; yxrs gSaA gkykafd] blls Hkh vfèkd ?kkrd •rjk 
^MhiisQd* osQ ekè;e ls mHkjk gS] tks ,e,y dk mi;ksx djosQ 
flaFksfVd ;k Ñf=ke ehfM;k mRi djrk gSA ,slh okLrfod 
fn•us okyh lkexzh dks lR;kfir djuk eqf'dy gksrk gS vkSj 
;g nq"çpkj dk ,d 'kfDr'kkyh midj.k cu x;k 
gS ftlls jk‘ªh; lqj{kk çHkkfor gksrh gSA mnkgj.k 
osQ fy,] ekpZ 2022 esa] ;wØsuh jk‘ªifr oyksnhfej 
t+sysaLdh }kjk vius lSfudksa dks vkReleiZ.k djus osQ 
fy, dgus dk ,d iQthZ ohfM;ks ;wØsuh ukxfjdksa 
osQ chp ok;jy gks x;k] ftlls dkiQh Hkze iSnk gks 
x;k] tcfd mudh lsuk :lh lsuk osQ f•ykiQ yM+ 
jgh FkhA
11
j{kk vkSj lqj{kk osQ vkykok ,vkbZ ls çfrowQy 
vkfFkZd çHkkoksa dh vk'kadk Hkh iSnk gks jgh gSA ,d 
vk'kadk ;g trkbZ tk jgh gS fd ,vkbZ Lopkyu 
laHkkfor :i ls ekuo Je cktkj dh fLFkfr dks 
cny dj j• nsxk ftldk ,sls fodkl'khy ns'kksa dh 
vFkZO;oLFkkvksa ij xaHkhj çHkko iM+sxk tks vHkh Hkh 
ekuo Je vkSj ekuo lalkèkuksa ij fuHkZj gSaA
12]13
ftEesnkj ,vkbZ D;k gS\
bu fLFkfr;ksa us ftEesnkj ,vkbZ (vkj,vkbZ) vkSj 
bls fofu;fer djus dh t:jr iSnk dh gSA ftEesnkj 
44 ?????? 2023
uoksUes"k ikfjfLFkfrfd;ksa dh ekax osQ fy, leFkZu c<+ jgk 
gSA ,vkbZ osQ fodkl vkSj mi;ksx osQ fy, ;g •kl rkSj ls 
çklafxd gSA blesa ftEesnkj uoksUes"k vkSj mi;ksx dks 'kq#vkr 
ls gh laLFkkxr :i fn;k tk ldrk gSA bUgsa ckn esa vuqikyu 
lacaèkh foo'krk osQ :i esa 'kkfey fd, tkus dh t:jr 
ugha gSA bl lanHkZ esa vkj,vkbZ dks vke rkSj ij ,vkbZ dh 
fMtkbfuax] fodkl vkSj rSukrh dh ,slh çfØ;k ekuk x;k gS 
ftlls dkexkj vkSj O;olk;ksa dk l'kDrhdj.k gks rFkk tks 
lekt dks mfpr <ax ls çHkkfor djsA ,vkbZ osQ nksgjs bLrseky 
dh laHkkouk dks ns•rs gq, ;g ,d <hyh vkSj yphyh le> 
gSA ;g vkj,vkbZ dks ,d O;kid ifjHkk"kk nsrh gS ftlesa 
mfpr] O;k[;k ;ksX; vkSj fo'oluh; ,vkbZ ç.kkfy;ka 'kkfey 
gSaA 
Hkkjr vkj,vkbZ ij 2018 ls gh dke dj jgk gSA uhfr 
vk;ksx us 2021 esa bl fo"k; ij nks •aMksa esa ,d fjiksVZ tkjh 
dhA
14
 ;g fjiksVZ vlSfud ,vkbZ foU;klksa dh rSukrh vkSj 
mi;ksx osQ fy, vkj,vkbZ fl¼karksa
15
 osQ çfr n`f‘dks.k vkSj 
muosQ vuqikyu ls lacafèkr FkhA fjiksVZ esa vk;ksx us 7 fl¼karksa 
dks js•kafdr fd;k] tks gSa% lqj{kk vkSj fo'oluh;rk] lekurk] 
lekos'kuh;rk vkSj xSj&HksnHkko] futrk vkSj laj{krk] ikjnf'kZrk] 
tokcnsgh rFkk ldkjkRed ekuoh; ewY;ksa dk cpko vkSj 
lqn`<+hdj.kA mlus ljdkj] vkS|ksfxd laLFkkvksa vkSj ukxfjd 
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lanHkZ
1- ^bZ;w ,vkbZ vfèkfu;e% Ñf=ke esèkk ij igyk fofu;eu]* 14 twu] 
2023] https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/headlines/
society/20230601STO93804/eu-ai-act-first-regulation-on-
artificial-intelligence.
2- th20 osQ usrkvksa dk ubZ fnYyh ?kks"k.kki=k] 9&10 flracj] 2023] 
https://www.g20.org/content/dam/gtwenty/gtwenty_new/
document/G20-New-Delhi-Leaders-Declaration.pdf.
3- th20 ,vkbZ fl¼kar] https://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/economy/
g20_summit/osaka19/pdf/documents/en/annex_08.pdf.
4- ^vksbZlhMh ,vkbZ fl¼karksa dk voyksdu]* https://oecd.ai/en/ai-
principles.
5- vkfVZfiQf'k;y baVsfytsal baMsDl fjiksVZ 2023] LVSuiQksMZ ;wfuoflZVh 
ekuo&osQafær vkfVZfiQf'k;y baVsfytsal] https://aiindex.
stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/HAI_AI-Index-
Report-2023_CHAPTER_3.pdf.
6- f'keksuk eksgu] ^iQhy bu n CySaDl% iqfVax tsaMj buVw feyVªh 
,vkbZ]* vksvkj,iQ vad laf{kIr la[;k 655] vxLr 2023] vkWCtoZj 
fjlpZ iQkmaMs'ku] https://www .orfonline.or g/research/ filling-
the-blanks-putting-gender-into-military-ai/.
7- f'keksuk eksgu] ^tsaMj&,fVo ,vkbZ% bUMqfjax tsaMj ck;l bu tsusjsfVo 
,vkbZ flLVe]* vkWCtoZj fjlpZ] 27 vçSy] 2023 https://www.
orfonline.org/expert-speak/gender-ative-ai/. 
8- Mh,,y,y 2] https://openai.com/dall-e-2.
9- feMtuhZ] https://www.midjourney.com/home/.
10- tsEl foalsaV] ^,vkbZ vkVZ VwYl LVscy fMÝ;wtu ,aM feMtuhZ 
VkxZsVsM fon dkWihjkbV ykWlwV]* n otZ] 16 tuojh] 2023] https://
www.theverge.com/2023/1/16/23557098/generative-ai-
art-copyright-legal-lawsuit-stable-diffusion-midjourney-
deviantart.
11- n VsyhxzkiQ] ^oyksfMfej t+sysaLdh osQ vkReleiZ.k dk MhiisQd 
ohfM;ks lks'ky ehfM;k ij lkeus vk;k]* 17 ekpZ] 2022] https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=X17yrEV5sl4.
12- b;ku 'kkbu vkSj osQV fOgfVax] ^,vkbZ osQ dkj.k oks ukSdfj;ka ftuosQ 
•ksus vkSj cuus dh lcls vfèkd laHkkouk gS]* fo'o vkfFkZd eap] 
4 ebZ] 2023] https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2023/05/jobs-
lost-created-ai-gpt/.
13- ,Dlsapj] ^, U;w ,jk vkWi+Q tsujsfVo ,vkbZ iQkWj ,ojhou*] https://
www . a c c e n t ur e . c om / c on t e nt / d a m / a c c e n t ure / fin a l / a c c e n t u re -
com/document/Accenture-A-New-Era-of-Generative-AI-for-
Everyone.pdf.
14- uhfr vk;ksx] ^fjLikWfUlcy ,vkbZ iQkWj vky % vçksp MkWD;wesaV 
iQkWj bafM;k ikVZ&1* & fçafliy iQkWj fjLikWfUlcy ,vkbZ] ^iQjojh 
2021] https://www .niti.gov .in/sites/default /files/2021-02/
Responsible-AI-22022021.pdf.
15- uhfr vk;ksx] ^fjLikWfUlcy ,vkbZ iQkWj vky % vçksp MkWD;wesaV iQkWj 
bafM;k ikVZ&2* & vkWijs'kuykbts'ku fçafliYl iQkWj fjLikWfUlcy ,vkbZ 
2021] https://www .niti.gov .in/sites/default /files/2021-08/
Part2-Responsible-AI-12082021.pdf.
16- bafM;k ,vkbZ] ^uSLdkWe ykWUpM n fjLikWfUlcy ,vkbZ gc ,aM fjlkslZ 
fdV]* 11 vDVwcj] 2022] https://indiaai.gov.in/news/nasscom-
launched-the-responsible-ai-hub-and-resource-kit.
17- çrhd f=kikBh] ^bafM;kt+ ps;jeSu vkWi+Q n Xykscy ikVZujf'ki vkWu 
,vkbZ]* vkWCtoZj fjlpZ iQkmaMs'ku] 8 vxLr] 2023] https://
www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/indias-chairmanship-of-the-
global-partnership-on-ai/.
18- n Xykscy ikVZujf'ki vkWu vkfVZiQhf'k;y baVsfytsal] ^ofd±x xzqi vkWu 
fjLikWfUlcy ,vkbZ*] https://gpai.ai/projects/responsible-ai/.
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