Mnemonics: Principles of Inheritance & Variation | Biology Class 12 - NEET PDF Download

This document will help you remember important information about Principles of Inheritance & Variation in a fun and easy way. Inside, you'll find mnemonics—memory tricks—that will make it easier for you to remember key concepts, examples related to Principles of Inheritance & Variation.

Whether you're studying for an exam, preparing for a quiz, or simply looking to enhance your understanding of Principles of Inheritance & Variation, these mnemonics will serve as valuable memory tools. Utilize them alongside your regular study routine to reinforce your knowledge and increase your recall ability.

Happy mnemonic learning!

Mendel's Laws

Mnemonic: "GREG - Greg Revealed Essential Genetics"

Mnemonic Explanation: Mendel's Laws (Law of Segregation and Law of Independent Assortment) are fundamental principles in genetics that Gregor Mendel discovered through his experiments.

Law of Segregation

Mnemonic: "AMIGO - Alleles Move Independently, Generating Offspring."

Mnemonic Explanation: The Law of Segregation states that during gamete formation, the alleles for a trait segregate or separate, and each gamete carries only one allele.

Law of Independent Assortment

Mnemonic: "PALM - Punnett's Assortment Leads to More variation."

Mnemonic Explanation: The Law of Independent Assortment states that alleles of different genes segregate independently during gamete formation, leading to a greater variety of genetic combinations.

Mendelian Inheritance

Mnemonic: "DFHT - Dominant Factors Hide Trait, Homozygous Tamed."

Mnemonic Explanation: Mendelian Inheritance refers to the inheritance of traits controlled by dominant and recessive alleles. Dominant alleles mask the expression of recessive alleles, especially when homozygous.

Dihybrid Cross

Mnemonic: "FOIL - First, Outer, Inner, Last - Pair Traits of Interest."

Mnemonic Explanation: When performing a dihybrid cross, the FOIL method helps in determining the possible combinations of alleles for two different traits.

Backcross and Test Cross

Mnemonic: "RISK - Reciprocal Inheritance Solves the Key."

Mnemonic Explanation: Backcross and Test Cross are breeding techniques used to determine the genotype of an individual expressing a dominant phenotype by crossing it with a homozygous recessive individual.

Incomplete Dominance

Mnemonic: "BLEND - Blend of Traits - Neither Dominant, Nor Recessive."

Mnemonic Explanation: In incomplete dominance, the heterozygous phenotype appears as a blending or intermediate form between the two homozygous phenotypes.

Co-dominance

Mnemonic: "SPOT - Spots Show both Phenotypes On Top."

Mnemonic Explanation: Co-dominance occurs when both alleles of a gene are fully expressed in the heterozygous condition, resulting in distinct phenotypic features of both alleles.

Multiple Alleles

Mnemonic: "ABC - Alleles with Blood Group Compatibility."

Mnemonic Explanation: Multiple Alleles refers to the presence of more than two alleles of a gene in a population, such as the ABO blood group system.

Sex Determination

Mnemonic: "XY and ZW - Chromosomes Dictate Gender View."

Mnemonic Explanation: In many organisms, sex determination is governed by the presence of specific sex chromosomes, such as XY chromosomes in humans (male) and ZW chromosomes in birds (female).