Animal Breeding : Breed vs Species Video Lecture - NEET

hello friends this video on food
production enhancement part 4 is brought
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from exam the next one is animal
breeding so what this animal breeding
breeding as I said is nothing but mating
so it is the breeding of domesticated
animals to improve desirable qualities
so this is very important here this is
the most important thing in that is to
get the desirable quality qualities now
what do we mean by desirable qualities
let us take the example of a cat now you
would have seen that there are many
different varieties of cats which you
see some of them have a lot of fur on
their body some of them are very skinny
some are very big some are quite small
so there are different varieties of cats
which are available now any quality
which is more desirable for example if
you take if you consider a furry cat so
which has a lot of fur over its body so
what happens due to this fur this fur
can cause a lot of allergic reactions to
human beings now when we were discussing
about in the previous lesson about
allergies we saw that these furs when
they come out of the they tend to fall
off from the animal's body and these can
actually cause allergies in human beings
so this is something which is not
desirable that is a furry cat or
something which is not very desirable by
human beings
so what is more desirable more desirable
would be unless haired cats so which has
less hair over its body so if there are
less hair so the chances that the
allergies will happen will also be less
so less hair Haley is a pet food or a
desirable quality now how do we get that
desirable quality so human beings would
want that more and more cracks at less
head so in order to do that what they do
they made appropriate animal so they
select they start selecting animals
less fur on their body and then they
start meeting them with some other
animal so what would be the output the
offsprings which will be formed a lot of
them they'll have less hair over their
body and that is how the number of less
held cat will gradually keep on
increasing now we have already studied
Mendelian genetics where we saw that we
can actually control the traits which we
want to be displayed in the next
generation so all we need to do is we
need to select the right patterns we
need to select the parents with the
right desired traits because once they
are crossed the offsprings will have
some shapes from one parent some trips
from the other parent in fact they might
also have certain traits which are like
a blend of both so we already know about
all those concepts so based on that we
can see that if human beings want more
and bootless haircut so they can do that
by selecting appropriate patterns and
then from mating themselves and mating
them amongst each other so with that
they can increase the desirable
qualities that is they can have more
less hair cat and this is what has done
in animal breeding so in this different
domesticated animals they admitted with
appropriate animals in order to get
animals with desirable qualities in a
fight to get animals which will be more
beneficial to the human beings now
before we talk about the different
techniques for animal breeding it is
very important that you understand the
difference between breed and species
because sometimes for many of them they
both look similar so many times I have
been using different breeds different
breeds so maybe that might be creating
some confusion so let us stratify water
species and what is great ok so here we
go
so when we talk about breed it is a
group of organisms with similar
now a very genetic definition where you
see the organism share more similarities
in a breed but when we talk about
species these are organisms which again
they also share a lot of similarities
but the station less similarities when
compared to a breed and here these are
kin ISM standard produce amongst
themselves
so basically species is a broader term
than breed so species are group of those
animals which can reproduce amongst
themselves it is not necessary that they
will have to have a lot of similar
characteristics so the similarities
might be less but still if they are able
to reproduce amongst themselves so that
would mean that they fall under the same
species but when we talk about the breed
so it means that organisms which all
belong to the same species so even
though they all belong to the same
species
some of them might share more
similarities so they will form a breed
so multiple breeds exist for a species
so under one species you can have many
breeds whereas one species can have
multiple registries as I said species is
a broader term so in one species let us
suppose you have these ten or you have
some six organisms or five organisms and
all these five organisms they are not
exactly identical to each other but they
all belong to the same species so they
have minor differences now let us assume
that first and second organism they have
more similarities and third fourth and
fifth they are also very much similar to
each other but first second and it is
different from third fourth and fifth so
we can say that first and second belong
to one breed
second third at food third fourth and
fifth belongs to another breed so we see
that there are two breeds which exist
for this particular species so that is
the difference between species and
breeds so diversity within a breed is
lesser
so when you say diversity that means
variety or differences
you see if you look at the breed one
these two are both similar so the
differences between these two will be
less but diversity within the species is
smooth but when you talk about species
as a whole you have all these five
organisms out of which these two are
very much different from these technic
three so the differences are more in a
species organisms you are at species are
naturally selected group of organism now
these breeds are being formed by they
are man-made that as human beings have
artificially selected organisms and
mated them to create new more new breeds
and that is our breeds have been created
like you have so many organisms you have
multiple organisms within the species
now if you but and all those organisms
will have some differences from each
other now if two different organisms
within a species are mated with each
other sometimes a new variety of
organism will spawn so that is called a
new breed and that is how new and new
more and more new breeds are being
formed so you say that bred when you
talk about a breed these organisms are
selectively bred so they are
artificially bred whereas species they
are naturally selected group of
organisms you remember the example of
Darwin's finches so it's an example of
natural selection where from one but
here are species of birds the almost 13
to 15 species have evolved and that
happened naturally human beings do not
ask the words to mate with each other so
it just happen naturally is a natural
selection helped in the evolution of
species so here you can look at the
different breeds of dogs so in dogs also
they also have different species it was
not that all of them I mean they are all
they all belong to the same species
so in dogs also if you see the domestic
dogs mostly they add Canis familiaris
for Kansas domesticus they are like a
domestic dog so they are the different
species of dogs but in whitening of
these species you have a variety of
breeds and the breeds again they are
also different from each other so you
would see if you consider this
particular breed of dog all the dogs
within this breed will look almost like
this but when you compare this with this
one they these two belong to this belong
to two different feeds but may be that
they belong to the same species
so in within dogs now if you start from
the beginning so dogs basically evolved
from the wolves so if you see if you
look at their scientific name you will
be able to relate everything so the
scientific name or the scientific name
will have a generic name and a specific
name and you know all of these now so
the generic name for dogs is canis so
canis is the generic name or the genus
right so if you will look at the
scientific name for red fox so it is
canis purpose if you look at the
scientific name of wolves or the Creoles
you will see it is Canis lupus if you
look at the scientific name of the
domestic dog so the dog which we see now
so that has canis canis however later
over a period of time many new species
came up for dogs for example this
whatever you get to know you get to know
that all of them belong to the same
genus whether you talk about the forms
or the wolves they all belong to the
same genus but with evolution domestic
dogs came up or they evolved from the
wolves now for dogs also there are many
different species so the other species
which exist for dogs are canis
domesticus so this is for the domestic
dog you also have cannons and crackers
so this is for that water dog you also
have the hairless dog that is kin
Egyptians spatters them careless dog so
these are the different species of dogs
but within these species also for
example within Calais domesticus you can
have a lot of breeds so this can have
many different breeds for example
chameleons and these whale all the
different breeds of dogs which you see
they are all different breeds but they
belong to the same species correct and
different breeds again they they have
different a structure they might have
different appearance but if they belong
to the same species that mean they will
be able to reproduce amongst themselves
so this is the difference between breed
and species so as I said dogs have
evolved from the wolves so here in this
picture you can see that and from this
particular dog the different breeds of
dog have come so these are the different
breeds as you saw so as I was mentioning
some time back that there can be various
species for dogs so the different
species for dogs would be something like
this like cannons
domesticus I am just writing it just for
your understanding it Canis familiaris
Tanner's aquaticus canis age wishes so
these are for the domestic dogs this one
is for the water dog this is for
hairless dog so if you see all of them
belong to the belong to different
species so they all belong to different
species now each of these species can
have a variety of breeds then each
domestic species of dog can have a
variety of breeds so this is the
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