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Magnetic Dipole

Magnetic dipole is an arrangement of two unlike magnetic poles of equal pole strength separated by a very small distance, e.g., a small bar magnet, a magnetic needle, a current carrying loop etc.

Magnetic Dipole Moment

The product of the distance (2 l) between the two poles and the pole strength of either pole is called magnetic dipole moment.

Magnetic dipole moment

M = m (2 l)

Its SI unit is ‘joule/tesla’ or ‘ampere-metre2‘.

Its direction is from south pole towards north pole.

Magnetic Field Due to a Magnetic Dipole

(1) On Axial Line

Magnetic Dipole | Physics Class 12 - NEET

If r > > l, then

B = μo / 4 π 2M / r3

(ii) On Equatorial Line

Magnetic Dipole | Physics Class 12 - NEET

B = μo / 4 π M / (r2 + l2)3 / 2

If r > > l, then

B = μo / 4 π 2M / r3

Torque Acting on a Magnetic Dipole

When a Magnetic Dipole (M) is placed in a uniform magnetic field (B), then a Torque acts on it, Which is given by

Magnetic Dipole | Physics Class 12 - NEET

τ = M * B

or τ = MB sin θ

Where θ is angle between the dipole axis and magnetic field.

Potential Energy of a Magnetic Dipole in a Uniform Magnetic Field

The work done in rotating the dipole against the action of the torque is stored as potential energy of the dipole.

Potential Energy, U = W = – MB cos θ = – M . B

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FAQs on Magnetic Dipole - Physics Class 12 - NEET

1. What is a magnetic dipole?
Ans. A magnetic dipole is a system or object that generates a magnetic field due to the presence of a permanent magnet or an electric current loop. It consists of a north and a south pole, with magnetic field lines extending from the north pole to the south pole.
2. How is the magnetic dipole moment defined?
Ans. The magnetic dipole moment is a measure of the strength and orientation of a magnetic dipole. It is defined as the product of the magnitude of either pole and the distance between them. Mathematically, it can be represented as the product of the magnetic field strength and the area of the current loop.
3. What are the applications of magnetic dipoles?
Ans. Magnetic dipoles have various applications in different fields. Some of the common applications include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in medical diagnostics, magnetic compasses for navigation, magnetic data storage in hard drives, and magnetic levitation in Maglev trains.
4. How does the orientation of a magnetic dipole affect its magnetic field?
Ans. The orientation of a magnetic dipole determines the direction and strength of its magnetic field. When aligned with an external magnetic field, the dipole's magnetic field reinforces the external field, resulting in a stronger overall magnetic field. However, when the dipole is anti-aligned, the magnetic fields cancel each other out, resulting in a weaker net magnetic field.
5. What is the difference between a magnetic dipole and an electric dipole?
Ans. A magnetic dipole consists of a north and south pole, while an electric dipole consists of positive and negative charges. The magnetic dipole generates a magnetic field, while the electric dipole generates an electric field. Additionally, the magnetic dipole moment is defined as the product of the pole strength and the distance between them, while the electric dipole moment is defined as the product of the charge magnitude and the distance between them.
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