Questions - Microbes in Human Welfare Video Lecture - NEET

hello friends this video on microbes in
human welfare part 15 is brought to you
by exam for calm no more fear from exam
so with this we have reached towards the
end of this lesson so let us look at
some of the questions question number
one give examples to prove that microbes
release gases during metabolism so how
do we know that microorganisms when
undergoing the metabolic processes which
release gases so one common example is
bacteria which release carbon dioxide
which make the dough for Italy or dosa
fluffy so you would have seen a puffed
appearance of the dough what will they
do is left for fermentation for quite
some time so what happens that that
puffiness comes due to the
release of carbon dioxide so this proves
that bacteria release carbon dioxide so
which bacteria is involved here the
lactic acid bacterium again fermentation
of yeast release co2 that is carbon
dioxide which makes it a very useful
agent raising agent in bakery so for any
bakery items whether it is cake or it is
bread so there also we see that once the
dough is prepared the east undergoes a
process of fermentation wherein carbon
dioxide is released and you do the
coordination of carbon dioxide it rises
so though it acts as the rising agent
and later when it is baked what happens
is as a result the East dies and if the
key turns out to be soft and spongy
question number two in which food would
you find lactic acid bacteria mention
some of their useful applications so as
you all know the name itself tells it
for itself so lactic acid bacteria is a
group of bacteria and these that they
are found in curd so the type of lactic
acid bacteria which is very commonly
found in
lactobacillus some of the new school
applications are it helps in the process
of curdling movement so if you add 1 TSP
of curd to milk what happens is and if
you allow it to if you leave it without
disturbing for quite some time what
happens is the lactobacillus present in
the curve it will undergo the process of
fermentation due to which lactic acid
will be produced and due to the
formation of lactic acid the coagulation
of protein states trees and will get Sun
goaded into burden it also helps in
pickling of vegetables in winemaking so
everywhere you see lactic acid bacterium
play a similar role it prevents growth
of disease-causing microbes in human
stomach even inside the human stomach
and that is why you would have seen that
when you will be eat curd we are
actually allowing the lactic acid
bacteria to enter inside our body but
this bacteria is not going to harm us
instead it is going to help us how is it
going to help us by preventing the
growth of disease-causing microbes in
the stomach question number four in
which we have microbes played a major
role in controlling diseases caused by
harmful bacteria now one of the major
contribution of the microbe is the
preparation of antibiotics because
antibiotics are those medicines which
can actually treat the bacterial
infectious diseases so any disease
caused by bacteria can be treated with
antibiotics and these antibiotics are
prepared with the help of microbes some
of the examples of antibiotics are the
first one to be discovered was
penicillin miles and
claiming other hand robotics leg stretch
for my sin tetracycline are the popular
examples so penicillin you know all of
their names are delaying from the
particular microbe from which they with
the help of which they are being
prepared for example penicillin is named
after the world penicillium notatum from
which it was prepared for the first time
question five nearly two species of
fungus which are used in the production
of antibiotics now as I say antibiotics
they are prepared from microbes and they
kill disease-causing microbes the some
example is heart one is fantasy unit a
term so this is this was a mold and mold
it falls under the group of fungi the
other example is cephalosporin acrimony
'im and it prepares it helps in the
preparation of the antibiotic
cephalosporin so this is also a function
these are the two fungi with share help
in the production of antibiotics
question number six what is sewage in
which we can switch be harmful to us as
i mentioned before also sewage is the
wastewater
now this wastewater contains good soil
it as well as liquid waste and since it
is completely unhealthy for us because
it can give rise to several diseases it
can pollute the drinking water it across
water pollution so therefore it needs to
be removed from a community for healthy
living the some of the harmful effects
are contaminated drinking water so if
you drink contaminated water you you are
bored wrong diseases like typhoid
cholera several waterborne diseases
again wherever you are body gets some
sort of contamination so there are many
diseases which are waterborne so you
tend to pass those diseases
environmental pollution now when there
is environmental
can affect you in a number of bills
question of myself what is the key
difference between primary and secondary
sewage treatment now we saw the entire
process of sewage treatment the main
purpose of sewage treatment is to make
the sewage less harmful or to reduce the
polluting potential of the switch now
primary switch is the first stage which
is followed by secondary sewage
treatment so primary treat went is a
mechanical process where the solid
particles and mechanical you are
physically removed from the sewage where
a secondary treatment is a biological
process where microorganisms are
involved which undergo the process of
anaerobic respiration and that is how it
tend to remove the unwanted organic
matter so in primary treatment solid
wastes are removed and there is no
involvement of microbes but in the
secondary treatment microbes are
involved in order to remove the organic
wastes and which microbes are involved
mostly with halogens are inboard primary
treatment is less expensive because they
are hosting the process is done by
normal filtration or sedimentation
process which are very less expensive
but secondary treatment means
appropriate apparatus you need the
aeration tank the settling tank and you
need the entire set up as it is and that
is going to cost you quite a bit so it
is more expensive when compared to the
primary treatment question number 8 3
water samples namely river water and
untreated sewage water and secondary
affluent discharged from a sewage
treatment plant were subjected to B or D
tests so what was beauty beauty was
biochemical oxygen demand the samples
were labeled a B and C so 3 samples were
collected so one sample had river water
another sample had untreated sewage
water so this is going to be the most
dirty then the dirtiest one and third
sample can
the secondary influence secondary
affluent is going to be little better
because it has undergone the primary
sewage treatment and it has also under
one the secondary sewage treatment so
after that whatever you get that is
going to be the secondary affluent so
these were the three samples now the
laboratory opinion did not know which
was which so the VOD values which were
obtained we're 20 mg per liter 8 mg per
liter and 400 mg per liter so this is
these are the values of B or D so if you
look at the values of B or D that is
biochemical oxygen demand what do you
see the three samples of three values 28
and 400 which sample of the water is
most polluted can you assign the correct
level to each assuming the river water
is relatively clean now the question is
trying to say that River water is the
cleanest that means deeper water is
going to have minimum amount of unwanted
material and just by our own knowledge
we can say this is going to be the
dirtiest that is the untreated sewage
water right okay so now how is the value
of bo d related to the polluting
potential of water now greater the value
of bo d so greater the value of B or D
greater is the polluting potential of
the water so that was the concept right
because the if the quantity of organic
wastes in the water is more that means
the number of decomposing bacteria will
also be more now if the number of
bacteria is good that is the aerobic
organisms is more they will need more
oxygen so when they need more oxygen and
the demand of oxygen will be more so B
or D will be more so greater value of B
or D means greater polluting potential
that means the water has more potential
to cause pollution so that means greater
of VOD would mean actually the dirtiest
water because the dirtiest water will
have the maximum potential to cause
pollution so in this case which has the
greater value of B or D so this has a
greater value of B or D so 20 is going
to be which has the maximum value of
urea I'm sorry 400 is the maximum value
of D or D so that means 400 is going to
correspond to the dirtiest water so here
which is the dirtiest untreated sewage
water so untreated sewage water is going
to be the dirtiest next is 20 so 20 is
going to be the secondary affluent so if
you see this is how the value of B or D
reduces on sewage treatment because when
it undergoes passes through the primary
treatment treatment a lot of dirt is
removed out so secondary in fluid is
this and the slowest value of beauty is
going to be the one which is the
cleanest so that is going to be then
river water right so now you can say
which one is a which one is B and which
one is C because there it is say that a
has trained me so then when secondary
affluent is going to be 8 B has 8 so
river water is going to be B and C has
400 so the untreated sewage sample is
going to be C so this is how we can
determine that which sample is more
clean and which sample is more dirty
question number 9 find out the name of
the microbes from which cyclosporine a
and immunosuppressive drug and statins
blood cholesterol lowering agents are
obtained so we have to name which
microbes will produce these medicines
so cyclosporine a is derived from
trichoderma follows forum and statins
from one Oscars but furious so these are
the it is not possible for you to
remember the names of all the microbes
which produce all different types of
medicines make sense this was there in
the question so I just answered it so so
these are the microbes are different
types of microbes will give rise to
different types of antibiotics different
types of medicines different types of
enzymes question number 10 arrange the
following in the descending order most
important first of their importance for
the welfare of human society give
reasons for your answer and the four
options are biomass citric acid
penicillin and curd so out of these four
which one do you think is the most
important for the welfare of the human
society the current is just a food item
which provides us some nutrition so this
is not of that great importance
penicillin is a medicine it is an
antibiotic which can treat the bacterial
diseases so this is a quite good
significance citric acid again is an
acid which can be used as a food
preservative right so curd is just a
food item if you talk about penicillin
it is an antibiotic and therefore you
can treat many diseases so it is quite
significant citric acid what is it it
can be used as a food preservative and
that's how it can help us to preserve
food materials over a longer period of
time so this is also important but less
important than penicillin because
penicillin is going to treat diseases it
is going to save lives of people biogas
again is a renewable source of energy
which does not cause pollution and it is
a renewable source of energy so
obviously this is also a good option now
what do you think out of biogas and
penicillin which is more important yes
of course penicillin is going to be more
important because it saves lives of
people
so penicillin is going to be the most
important then
is because it is a renewable source of
energy and then citric acid because it
acts as a food preservative and finally
curd which just acts as a food item
which is rich in vitamin b12 so this is
how we can arrange it in the order of
their importance for the welfare of
human society so with this we have
reached towards the end of this lesson
and I hope that this lesson on microbes
in human welfare would have helped you
so see you all in the next lesson thank
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