Carbon Family Trends Video Lecture - NEET

hello friends this video on P block
elements part 17 is brought you by exam
viacom no Monty from exam so let us
discuss the trends in the carbon family
not will discuss electronic
configuration because Co density discuss
melting and boiling point with also
discussed atomic in many areas will
discuss an engine that we will talk
about electronegativity will talk about
the middle if like that trend is the
talk about oxidizing and reducing in in
trend the oxidation states talk about
leisure of compounds and rosin talk
about the chemical problems similar to
what we have done for 30 very similar
stuff will do one good for the elements
now if you see the electronic
configuration of group photo the limited
is in s2 in people did you see this -
carbon this is ns-two NP before Seneca
finished in people for germanium in
history before tin it is to be with LED
here it is 6 in this fight there is no
general electronic combination let's
talk about density density is what
density is mass by volume sorry so since
going down the mass increased a lot
so generally the density will increase
as we go down the right this is the
general trend silicon has some deviation
here but if you see apart from that it's
generally increasing let's talk about
the main thing in boiling point as I
told the main thing in boiling point
depends on the word structure block and
also on the bond strength so structure
is something which we can't tell just by
looking at a compound that needs real
investigation to find the structure
chemists spend a lot of time to find the
structure they use all those techniques
we
they use the diffraction techniques and
all those techniques find the structure
but bouncing something that you can
guess just by the size as I told that
more the size less in the monster
something we have discussed makes I have
two big items the bond strength is less
to smaller than the bond so this both
correct so going down the room size is
increasing you size increasing this
implies what the bond strength will
decrease all right because size inverse
constant if nonsense is degree this
implies that melting point and boiling
point will degree that's what if you see
right there's a decrease in bending
poignant little bit increase but jelly
trade is to decrease the will not about
talk about this exception now because it
is complex and for this class just
understand that right the general trend
is that what bending point in volume I
will because I do it alright also depend
in the structure so maybe it has
different structures where it is
increased but general train is done the
bonds children decrease super melting
and boiling point will let's talk about
the atomic and ionic ladies you see the
atomic energy it is moment you go down
the number of shells increase right
and thus the atomic size increase the
charge of the nucleus increase but due
to shielding effect the effective
nuclear charge is not that much with the
increase in effective nuclear charge is
not that much as you see the as we
compare with the number of shells so
going down gently the atomic size
increase so you see right the atomic
size we talk about our initial enthalpy
that is also what is a machine that is
nothing but the energy required to plot
for a laptop all right
as I told the moment the zaba carbon is
little difficult to pluck electron but
this guy it is easy
right into the signs mode and for this
lead it is very easy to plot lately very
easy to like lately so see if you see in
this case now since four-carbon is
difficult to plot electronically with
him comparing this growth so carbon has
more iron Jahnavi
it needs more energy so I should thumb
is more germanium is little easy so it
is less hydrogen is happy let all the
more is he so it will have all the more
less and in this way we see the general
tend is people down the rope that
ionizer enthalpy is decreasing but the
energy required to pluck electron is
decreasing let's talk about the
electronegativity what is
electronegative it is nothing but
tendency to pull electron way right that
is also depending on the size so carbon
carbon if you see will be able to pull
more because it's a small in size so
effective nuclear charge here and more
to talk about lead this will be able to
pull less well but the effective nuclear
charge here is less right because even
the lead has got more nuclear charge but
the effective nuclear charge because the
ceiling effect this less
so this depend not effective nuclear
charge at you can say the surface oh
right so here if you see the effective
nuclear charge is less because more size
is less so it is able to pull more it is
able to pull less so this guy has more
linearity carbon has more
electronegativity you see the let it
will have less so general train is
typically it goes down ready to increase
there has to be some reason will not
discuss in this class so maybe in the
higher class but the general trend is
that it decrease as we go down the curve
by increasing size and increase decrease
in the effective nuclear charge at the
surface
sorry because the new electrons will be
which has to be cooled it has to be
somewhere here right
here we have the more charge there we
get affected one here the charge is less
we begin it will be impacted let's see
we talk about a metalic ITER for the
group 14 you see here right okay
so carbon is nonmetal right and then we
have metalloids and then we have made us
so if you see going down the group my
metallic character is increasing correct
and why it is increasing was going down
the Grove the tendency metal is what
metal is something which has tendency to
lose neck they turn out a missile so the
valence electron is able to lose it is
metal so if we go in on the group if you
see these electrons this carbon
since this electron is tightly held
won't lose later on it will take a look
not these are in dicey state they
sometimes lose sometimes gain but these
guys in the atom size is more these guys
can lose electron right so if you see
these guys we give a mantle metal these
Ray's metalloids on side way to
summarize now a metal carbon be here as
a nonmetal because the size is less and
the effective nuclear charge here is
more so it believes in taking electron
rather than give me a little time here
the electrons are not in that much
control with this nuclei so it can lose
electron we talk about the oxidation
states now since it is group 14 so Cody
minus 10 is 4 as a toward right move
number one epson is the max number
oxidation state it can have
so it has max +4 oxidation states all
these guys will have plus 2 oxidation
state right what but also as I told you
in Hardware effect right so this guy
will also give
plus 2 that is plus 2 or minus 2 that is
plus 2 also it will be is probably a
plus 2 this guy is plus 2 plus 2
and way now in the blue the +2 is more
stable example in this case my lead lead
is more happy with plus 2 then plus 4
why because the energy effect increases
as we go down as we go down by the
effective nuclear effective charge on
the nucleus is more it can attract it
can pull the S electrons more so the S
orbitals don't take part in the reaction
so that's why if we go down the +2 is
more stable right so PV plus 2 is more
stable than P plus 4 this inert period
is more prominent as we go down the moon
you see i've discussed in the earlier
what we call the nitrogen so the boron
family trends also same thing here also
you go down the growth the inert pair
effect increase since the inert pair
effect increase the +2 is more stable
here has come across for for late and
this is nothing like cluster is more
stable then we have 10 little less
stable and Germany M plus 2 Z let's talk
about the reducing properties law so as
I told that it has plus 4 and plus 2
oxidation state book correct exist so
that's why it exists act both as
oxidizing and reducing agent also why
see the one in the +4 will act as a
reducing agent because it will try to
get oxidized to +4 the one in the class
4
so if the one in the class code will try
to act as a oxidizing agent because
we're trying to become 2 plus 2 the one
in the plaster will try to act as a
reducing it in because he'll try to
oxidize it said 2 plus 4 correct as I
explain this concept using it'll be the
one which get oxidized himself or itself
right so this is in class 2 it will
become plus 4 it is review see but
oxidizing property that is in first four
it will become plus 2 so it reduce
itself and it locks way something else
correct so if you see you example
germanium and then we come we're so
germanium if you see as I told it will
have plus four is more stable here the
score is more stable correct so if I
have something in GE plus 2 this will
act as a reducing a that because G Plus
2 is unstable and he tried to bomb G
Plus correct in system so since it will
form G Plus 4 it will oxidize itself so
it will act as a good reducing agent
but since G is very costly is rare so
you see not that there is used for 10
also plus 4 is more stable then plus 2
so if I have 10 in plus 2 state it will
try to form then in plus four state
correct this is unstable hope you
understand him correct
since plus 4 is more stable so in tin
tin in plus 2 States are good reducing
agent because they oxidize themselves to
become Justin plus for example I can
give you is you have Fe C 3 you add
sncl2 right so this becomes Fe yeah so
the fecl3 since here to gives fecl 2
plus
this is the reaction correct so if you
see this guy iron was at last 3 his
begin last two so I don't know you'd use
10 was at plus 2 it became lost fingers
plus one is more stable so did not
oxidize it and I haven't got reduce 14
is acting as a reducing it is please
talk about the unique property which is
then in the carbon family is very unique
lucky this property is called khaki
nation and this is nothing but
catenation nothing but the property to
form big chain by forming a bond the
same element or
the elements on big shape example this
one waits for a big change this on
anything with carbon our car it all
depends in the automatic bonds and this
property of calculation decrease as we
could on so you see carbon has more
exhausted property of catenation there
more carbon long chains none for silicon
have that less if you go down the group
into all these devices so catenation
property is a very good property
critical property for carbon family and
that's the reason why we have the whole
organic chemistry this property
decreases and we go down the group in
carbon family thank you visit exam
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