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Class 10 History Chapter 2 Question Answers - Nationalism in India

Q1. What is meant by the idea of Satyagraha?
 OR
Gandhiji said ‘Satyagraha’ was active resistance. How?
 OR
Explain the idea of Satyagraha.

Ans. Gandhiji said that Satyagraha was not just passive resistance; it involved active effort. Instead of using physical force or seeking revenge, it relied on truth and non-violence to reach the oppressor's conscience. The goal was to persuade the oppressor to understand the truth, not to force them. This approach of truth and non-violence helped bring people together and make them aware of the truth. Satyagrah MovementSatyagrah Movement

Q2. Why were Indians outraged by the Rowlatt Act?
Ans. The Rowlatt Act was passed hurriedly by the Imperial Legislative Council in 1919. It was opposed by all its Indian members. The government assumed enormous powers through this Act as they could detain political prisoners without trial for two years. Gandhiji decided to launch a ‘Hartal’ on 6 April against the Rowlatt Act.

Q3. Give one example to prove that Non-Cooperation Movement was more successful on the economic front.
Ans. One example is boycott of foreign goods. The import of foreign textile cloth became half of what it was, between 1921–1922. It fell from 102 crores to 57 crores.

Q4. Which party did not support the boycott of council elections during the movement and why.
Ans. The Justice Party of Madras decided not to boycott Council elections. The Justice Party members were non-Brahmins and so far had not been able to win elections, as the Brahman candidates always won. They thought it was a golden opportunity for them to enter the Councils.

Q5. Why did Gandhiji call off the Non-Cooperation Movement?
Ans. The Chauri Chaura incident near Gorakhpur led Gandhiji to take action. A peaceful procession turned violent when people burnt a police station and 22 policemen were killed. Shocked by this, Gandhiji, a strong supporter of non-violence, immediately called off the movement. 

Q6. What was the cause of disagreement between the Congress-led Non-Cooperation Movement and the peasants’ and workers’ movements?
Ans. The Congress under Gandhiji believed in achieving ‘Swaraj’ by peaceful means and total non-violence. The peasants and workers, though believers in Gandhi’s Swaraj, khadi and boycott, did not believe in non-violence. They turned violent to gain their aims, which went against the Congress creed.

Q7. What was the Inland Emigration Act of 1859?
Ans. The British government had passed this Act to prevent the plantation workers to leave the plantations and go back to their villages in Assam. They were forced to remain at the plantations and not leave them without permission. The permission to leave was seldom granted.

Q8. Explain the two important factors that shaped Indian politics towards 1920’s.
 OR
 Mention two factors which influenced Indian politics in the late 1920s. 

Ans.

(i) The first was the worldwide economic depression which brought the agricultural prices crashing down in India. Farmers could not sell their produces and the whole country-side was in turmoil.

(ii) The British constituted a statutes commission in 1927 under Sir John Simon. The aim was to diffuse nationalism aroused by the Non-Cooperation Movement. The Commission was to look into the functioning of the constitutional system in India. It was an all-white commission, with not a single Indian member in it. It set the political world in India on fire and led to Gandhiji starting the Civil Disobedience Movement.

Q9. Explain the difference in the objectives of the Non-Cooperation Movement and the Civil Disobedience Movement.
 OR
 How was the civil disobedience movement different from the Non-Cooperation Movement.

Ans. Non-Coorporation Movement (1920-22) wanted to bring the Government to a standstill by refusing to cooperate with it; Civil Disobedience Movement (1930-34) wanted to paralyse the government by performing illegal acts like violating the laws.

Q10. Why did Gandhiji choose ‘Salt’ as the symbol of his Civil Disobedience Movement?
Ans. Salt is consumed by both the poor and the rich, and is one of the most essential items of food everywhere in the world. The British government had the monopoly on the production of salt in India. By imposing a ‘salt tax’ the government hit both the rich and the poor, specially the poor. Gandhiji thought it was the most repressive Act of the British government and chose to defy it by breaking the “Salt Law”.

Q11. How did the British Government react to the “Salt March” of Gandhiji?
Ans. A frightened and shaken British government responded with a policy of brutal repression. About 100,000 people were arrested. Gandhiji was arrested on 4th May, 1930. The government also tried to diffuse the situation by releasing Gandhiji and making him sign the Gandhi-Irwin Pact (the then Viceroy of India) on 5th March, 1931. But the failure of the Second Round Table Conference in 1931 led the Government to begin its repressive measures in 1932 again. Congress was declared illegal and Nehru and Abdul Ghaffar Khan were arrested. All boycotts, meetings and demonstrations were banned by the British

Q12. Why did the industrialists and industrial workers lose interest in the Civil Disobedience Movement?
 OR
 Why did the initial enthusiasm of the merchants and industrialists fade away during the later stage of the civil disobedience movement?

Ans. The industrialists were worried about the growing influence of socialism among younger Congress members. They were also concerned about the militant activities and how they could harm their business interests

Q13. How and when nationalism captures the hearts and minds of the people ?
Ans. It happens when people begin to believe strongly that they are part of the same nation. Also, when they discover common bonds that unite them, when they share the same struggles and have a common folklore, history and culture, then nationalism grips their hearts and minds.

Q14. What is the significance of 13th April, 1919?
Ans. April 13, 1919, is significant for the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, where British troops killed hundreds of people in a crowd in Amritsar. The massacre sparked widespread unrest and led Mahatma Gandhi to end the Satyagraha movement in response to the severe repression by the British government. 

The document Class 10 History Chapter 2 Question Answers - Nationalism in India is a part of the Class 10 Course Social Studies (SST) Class 10.
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FAQs on Class 10 History Chapter 2 Question Answers - Nationalism in India

1. What is nationalism in India?
Ans. Nationalism in India refers to the movement that aimed to liberate India from British colonial rule. It was a political and cultural movement that emerged in the late 19th century and gained momentum in the early 20th century. The movement was characterized by the demand for self-rule, the preservation of Indian culture and heritage, and the promotion of national unity.
2. Who were the leaders of the Indian Nationalist Movement?
Ans. The Indian Nationalist Movement was led by several prominent leaders, including Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, Subhas Chandra Bose, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, and Bal Gangadhar Tilak. These leaders played a pivotal role in mobilizing the masses and organizing various protests and movements against British colonialism.
3. What were the major events that led to the Indian Nationalist Movement?
Ans. The Indian Nationalist Movement was a result of several factors, including the economic exploitation of India by the British, the imposition of discriminatory policies, and the suppression of Indian culture and heritage. Some of the major events that led to the movement include the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the partition of Bengal in 1905, and the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre in 1919.
4. How did the Indian Nationalist Movement impact India's struggle for independence?
Ans. The Indian Nationalist Movement played a crucial role in India's struggle for independence. It mobilized the masses and created a sense of national unity, which was essential for India's freedom struggle. The movement also used non-violent methods of protest, such as civil disobedience and satyagraha, which were effective in creating pressure on the British government to grant India's independence.
5. What were the major challenges faced by the Indian Nationalist Movement?
Ans. The Indian Nationalist Movement faced several challenges, including the lack of unity among various political groups, the use of repressive measures by the British government, and the emergence of communal tensions between Hindus and Muslims. The movement also faced challenges in maintaining its non-violent character, as some extremist groups resorted to violent means of protest. Despite these challenges, the movement continued to gain momentum and eventually succeeded in achieving India's independence in 1947.
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