Types of Farming Video Lecture | Social Studies (SST) Class 10

Ans. There are several types of farming, including: 1. Subsistence farming: This type of farming is practiced to meet the needs of the farmer and their family, with little or no surplus for sale. 2. Commercial farming: In commercial farming, crops and livestock are produced primarily for sale in the market, with the aim of making a profit. 3. Organic farming: Organic farming involves the use of natural methods and techniques, avoiding synthetic fertilizers and pesticides. 4. Intensive farming: Intensive farming focuses on maximizing production on a small area of land, often utilizing modern technologies and high inputs of labor, capital, and chemicals. 5. Extensive farming: Extensive farming involves large areas of land and low inputs of labor, capital, and chemicals, often practiced in areas with low population density.

Ans. The main differences between subsistence farming and commercial farming are: 1. Purpose: Subsistence farming is practiced to meet the needs of the farmer and their family, while commercial farming is primarily focused on producing crops and livestock for sale in the market. 2. Scale: Subsistence farming is usually small-scale, with limited land and resources, while commercial farming is often large-scale, with the aim of maximizing production and profits. 3. Surplus: Subsistence farming produces little or no surplus for sale, as the main goal is self-sufficiency. In contrast, commercial farming aims to generate a surplus for sale in the market. 4. Techniques and inputs: Subsistence farming often relies on traditional methods and limited use of modern technologies, while commercial farming may utilize advanced techniques, machinery, and inputs such as fertilizers and pesticides. 5. Income: Subsistence farmers primarily rely on the food they produce for their own consumption, while commercial farmers generate income from selling their agricultural products.

Ans. Organic farming offers several advantages, including: 1. Environmental sustainability: Organic farming avoids the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, reducing the pollution of soil, water, and air. It promotes biodiversity and helps maintain a healthier ecosystem. 2. Health benefits: Organic farming aims to produce food without the use of harmful chemicals, making the resulting products healthier and safer for consumption. They are generally free from pesticide residues, antibiotics, and genetically modified organisms (GMOs). 3. Soil fertility: Organic farming emphasizes the use of natural fertilizers, such as compost and manure, which improve soil fertility and structure over time. It promotes long-term sustainability by preserving soil health. 4. Reduced resistance: By avoiding the overuse of chemicals, organic farming helps prevent the development of resistance in pests and diseases, ensuring effective control measures for the future. 5. Market demand: With growing awareness and concerns about health and the environment, there is an increasing demand for organic products. Organic farmers can tap into this market and potentially obtain higher prices for their produce.

Ans. Intensive farming and extensive farming differ in the following ways: 1. Land use: Intensive farming involves maximizing production on a smaller area of land, often through the use of modern technologies, while extensive farming utilizes larger areas of land with lower inputs. 2. Inputs: Intensive farming requires high inputs of labor, capital, and chemicals, including fertilizers and pesticides, to achieve high yields. Extensive farming, on the other hand, relies on fewer inputs and is often practiced in areas with low population density. 3. Scale: Intensive farming is usually practiced on a smaller scale, with higher crop densities and livestock numbers per unit of land. Extensive farming covers larger areas with lower crop densities and livestock numbers. 4. Production: Intensive farming aims to generate high yields and maximize production per unit of land by using advanced techniques and technologies. Extensive farming focuses on utilizing available land resources with lower inputs and lower yields. 5. Environmental impacts: Intensive farming can have a higher environmental impact due to the use of chemicals and higher inputs. Extensive farming, when practiced sustainably, with proper land management, can have lower environmental impacts.

Ans. Farmers practicing commercial farming face various challenges, including: 1. Market fluctuations: Farmers are vulnerable to market fluctuations, including changes in demand, prices, and competition. They need to adapt and make informed decisions to ensure profitability. 2. Climate change: Changes in weather patterns, unpredictable rainfall, and extreme events can impact crop yields and livestock production. Farmers need to adopt climate-resilient practices and technologies to mitigate these risks. 3. Input costs: Commercial farming often requires significant investments in inputs such as seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, machinery, and labor. Fluctuating prices of these inputs can affect profitability. 4. Pest and disease management: Commercial farmers face challenges in managing pests and diseases that can significantly impact crop yields and livestock health. They need to implement effective control measures and stay updated on emerging risks. 5. Access to finance and resources: Access to capital, credit, and resources such as land and water can be a challenge for commercial farmers, especially small-scale farmers. Lack of access to these resources can limit their ability to expand and invest in their farming operations.