UPSC Exam  >  UPSC Notes  >  NCERT Video Summary: Class 6 to Class 12 (English)  >  Chapter Notes: Political Theory : An Introduction

Political Theory : An Introduction Class 11 Political Science

Introduction


Political theory analyses the basic questions like; How a country must be organised, why do we need a government or what do we owe to each other as citizens.

What is Political Theory?

  • Political theory is concerned with the ideas and principles that systematically shape the constitution, governments, and social life. Certain values and principles, such as democracy, freedom, and equality, have inspired people and guided policies. 
  • The origins of these values and words need to be understood rationally and political theory helps us in that respect. Political theory explains what freedom, equality, justice, democracy, secularism, and other concepts mean.

Question for Chapter Notes: Political Theory : An Introduction
Try yourself:Which of the following is not a major tradition of Political Theory?
View Solution

Why do we study Political Theory?

  • Different countries, such as America and India have tried to protect their fundamental values by enshrining them in their constitutions. The values such as equality, freedom, dignity, justice, peace etc have been influenced by the ideas of philosophers such as Kautilya, Aristotle, Jean Jacques Rousseau, John Locke, Karl Marx among other prominent ones. 
  • Although Rousseau, Marx, and Gandhi were not politicians, their ideas influenced generations of politicians around the world. It thus becomes necessary that we have a sound understanding of these political terms. 
  • Political theorists study the foundations of modern polity and also consider our current political experiences to identify trends and future possibilities.

Who influenced the values of the Indian constitution?

  • The constitution of India is based on ideas and principles that have been debated since the time of Kautilya. Political thinkers and activists such as MK Gandhi, B.R. Ambedkar have shaped the pillars of the Indian constitution.

Relevance of Political Theories in India


India is free and independent, but questions regarding freedom and equality have not ceased to crop up. We can broadly find the relevance of modern political thought in India as it concerns with the following:
  • Firstly, the issue concerning freedom, equality and democracy arise in many areas of social life and they are being implemented in different sectors at different phases.
    E.g: Equality may exist in the political sphere in the form of equal rights but it may not exist to the same extent in the social and economic spheres.
  • Secondly, though freedom is guaranteed in our Constitution, we encounter new interpretations all the time.
    E.g:  The right to life has been interpreted by the courts to include the right to livelihood.
    The Right to information has been granted to a new law. The fundamental rights guaranteed by our Constitution have been amended and expanded over time through judicial interpretations and government policies which are designed to address new problems.
  • Thirdly, as our world changes, we may discover new dimensions of freedom as well as new threats to freedom.
    E.g: global communications technology is making it easier for activists to network with one another across the world for protecting tribal cultures or forests. But it also enables terrorists and criminals to network.

As a result, questions are raised regarding how much freedom should be given to people using the net.

Question for Chapter Notes: Political Theory : An Introduction
Try yourself:Which of the following is not a concept of Political Theory?
View Solution

Putting Political Theory To Practice

  • The only aspect focused on the political theory is that which deals with the origins meanings and significance of the political ideas that we are familiar with such as freedom, equality, citizenship, justice, development, nationalism, secularism. Various political theorists have provided diverse definitions of freedom or equality and you may find the distinct definition of equality or freedom or justice. 
  • Political theorists clarify the meaning of political concepts by looking at how they are understood and used in ordinary language. They also debate and examine the diverse meanings and opinions in a systematic manner.
  • This is because terms like equality concern our relationships with other human beings rather than with things. Human beings, unlike things, have opinions on issues like equality.
  • Example: People often jump the queue in shops or doctor’s waiting rooms or government offices. Some people cannot have the access to these shops and other goods and services because of monetary constraints. 
  • Thus, our idea of equality is quite complex, also the reason behind the many definitions is because the meaning of equality is dependent on the context.

As in the case of equality and other subjects such as Freedom, Citizenship, Rights, Justice, Development, Equality, Nationalism and Secularism; the political theorists engage with everyday opinions, debate possible meanings and thrash out policy options.

Why should we study Political Theory?

  • Firstly, political theory is relevant to all of the aforementioned target groups. Even as high school students, we may choose one of the aforementioned professions in the future, making it relevant to us indirectly at present.
  • Secondly, as citizens entitled to vote and make decisions on other issues, it is helpful to possess a basic knowledge of the political concepts and institutions that shape the world in which we live in order to act responsibly.
  • Thirdly, freedom, equality, and secularism are not abstract issues in our lives. Discrimination of various sorts is encountered by people every day in families, schools, colleges, shopping malls, and other places. Political theory encourages us to examine our ideas and emotions about political matters.
  • Finally, as students, we enjoy participating in debates and elocution competitions. We have opinions about what is right or wrong, just or unjust, but we are unsure if they are reasonable. Political theory exposes us to systematic thinking on justice or equality so that we can refine our opinions and argue in an informed manner, for the sake of the common good.

Question for Chapter Notes: Political Theory : An Introduction
Try yourself:Which of the following is not a major type of government discussed in Political Theory?
View Solution

The document Political Theory : An Introduction Class 11 Political Science is a part of the UPSC Course NCERT Video Summary: Class 6 to Class 12 (English).
All you need of UPSC at this link: UPSC
476 videos|360 docs

Top Courses for UPSC

FAQs on Political Theory : An Introduction Class 11 Political Science

1. Why should we study Political Theory?
Ans. Studying Political Theory helps us understand the fundamental concepts, principles, and ideas that shape political systems and institutions. It provides insights into how power is exercised, how governments function, and how societies are organized. By studying Political Theory, we can critically analyze political ideologies, policies, and practices, enabling us to be informed and engaged citizens.
2. What is the significance of studying Political Theory in relation to governance?
Ans. Political Theory is significant in relation to governance as it provides a theoretical foundation for understanding different forms of government, their strengths, and weaknesses. It helps us evaluate the legitimacy and effectiveness of governing systems, and guides us in developing and implementing policies that promote justice, equality, and stability. Political Theory also helps us identify and address the ethical dilemmas and challenges faced by those in positions of power.
3. How does studying Political Theory contribute to the study of law and policy-making?
Ans. Political Theory contributes to the study of law and policy-making by providing theoretical frameworks and principles that inform the development and analysis of laws and policies. It helps in understanding the underlying values, rights, and responsibilities that shape legal systems and policy decisions. By studying Political Theory, policymakers and legal scholars can critically examine the impact of laws and policies on individuals and societies, and strive to create more just and equitable legal frameworks.
4. What role does Political Theory play in shaping social movements and activism?
Ans. Political Theory plays a crucial role in shaping social movements and activism by providing intellectual and ideological foundations. It helps activists articulate their goals, demands, and visions for social change. Political Theory offers concepts such as justice, equality, liberty, and democracy, which serve as rallying points for social movements. It also provides strategies for organizing and mobilizing individuals and communities towards collective action, fostering social transformation.
5. How does studying Political Theory enhance critical thinking skills?
Ans. Studying Political Theory enhances critical thinking skills by encouraging students to analyze and evaluate complex political ideas, arguments, and theories. It teaches us to question assumptions, examine evidence, and consider multiple perspectives on political issues. Political Theory fosters the ability to think critically about power dynamics, social structures, and normative principles. It equips individuals with the tools to engage in reasoned debate, make informed judgments, and contribute to the development of informed and well-reasoned political opinions.
476 videos|360 docs
Download as PDF
Explore Courses for UPSC exam

Top Courses for UPSC

Signup for Free!
Signup to see your scores go up within 7 days! Learn & Practice with 1000+ FREE Notes, Videos & Tests.
10M+ students study on EduRev
Related Searches

ppt

,

video lectures

,

Viva Questions

,

Objective type Questions

,

Important questions

,

Political Theory : An Introduction Class 11 Political Science

,

Political Theory : An Introduction Class 11 Political Science

,

pdf

,

Summary

,

Previous Year Questions with Solutions

,

Free

,

Extra Questions

,

study material

,

mock tests for examination

,

practice quizzes

,

MCQs

,

Political Theory : An Introduction Class 11 Political Science

,

past year papers

,

Semester Notes

,

Exam

,

Sample Paper

,

shortcuts and tricks

;