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Class 10 Geography Chapter 4 Question Answers - Agriculture

Q1. Define agriculture. Why have cultivation methods changed significantly over years?

Class 10 Geography Chapter 4 Question Answers - Agriculture

Ans: Agriculture is the art and science of cultivating soil, raising crops, and livestock. It meets basic human needs for food and clothing, and is one of the oldest human activities.

Over the years, cultivation methods have changed significantly due to:

  • Physical environment: Variations in climate and soil types.
  • Technological advancements: Improved tools and techniques.
  • Socio-cultural practices: Changes in community needs and traditions.

Q2. What is plantation farming? What are its main characteristics? Name some plantation crops.

Class 10 Geography Chapter 4 Question Answers - Agriculture

Ans: Plantation farming is a form of commercial agriculture where a single crop is cultivated on a large scale for sale. This farming method is primarily found in tropical and sub-tropical regions. In India, it was introduced by the British.

The main characteristics of plantation farming include:

  • A single crop is grown over extensive land. It requires capital-intensive inputs.
  • Employs cheap local and migrant labour.
  • Needs a well-developed transport network.
  • Produces market-oriented products.

In India, important plantation crops include: Tea, Coffee, Rubber, Sugarcane, Banana.

Q3. What are millets? Why are millets very important food crops in India? 
OR 
Write a short note on the important millets grown in India.

Class 10 Geography Chapter 4 Question Answers - Agriculture

Ans: Millets are important food crops in India, primarily including jowar, bajra, and ragi. They thrive in harsh climates with low rainfall and poor soil conditions.

Key points about millets:

  • Known as coarse grains, they have high nutritional value.
  • They are considered the poor man's cereal due to their affordability.
  • It is a rain-fed Kharif crop, mainly grown in moist regions, requiring little irrigation.
  • Major producers of jowar include Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, and Madhya Pradesh.
Class 10 Geography Chapter 4 Question Answers - Agriculture

Q4. Why are some pulses known as leguminous crops? Why are they grown in rotation with other crops? Name the major pulses grown in India and the states leading in their production.

Ans: Pulses are classified as leguminous crops because their seeds grow inside pods, and their roots can fix nitrogen in the soil. This ability helps restore soil fertility, making them beneficial for crop rotation.

  • Major pulses grown in India include: Urad, Moong, Masur, Peas, Gram, Tur (Arhar).
  • The leading states in pulse production are: Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Karnataka.

Q5. Define sericulture and horticulture. What is India’s position in the production of horticulture crops?

Class 10 Geography Chapter 4 Question Answers - Agriculture

Ans: Sericulture refers to the farming of silk, specifically the rearing of silkworms to produce silk fibre. The process involves:

  • Planting mulberry trees to feed the silkworms.
  • Harvesting silk from the cocoons of the silkworms.

Horticulture is a branch of agriculture focused on growing garden plants, including: Fruits, Vegetables, Flowers and ornamental plants for landscaping. India holds a significant position in the global production of horticultural crops:

  • It is the largest producer of fruits and vegetables worldwide.
  • Approximately 13% of the world's vegetables are produced in India. Key vegetable crops include peas, cauliflower, onions, and potatoes.

Commercial HorticultureCommercial Horticulture

The document Class 10 Geography Chapter 4 Question Answers - Agriculture is a part of the Class 10 Course Social Studies (SST) Class 10.
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FAQs on Class 10 Geography Chapter 4 Question Answers - Agriculture

1. What are the main types of agriculture practiced globally?
Ans. The main types of agriculture practiced globally include subsistence agriculture, commercial agriculture, organic farming, and industrial agriculture. Subsistence agriculture focuses on producing enough food for the farmer's family, while commercial agriculture is aimed at selling produce for profit. Organic farming emphasizes natural processes and sustainability, and industrial agriculture relies on large-scale operations and advanced technology.
2. How does climate change impact agriculture?
Ans. Climate change affects agriculture by altering temperature and precipitation patterns, which can lead to crop failures, reduced yields, and increased pests and diseases. It may also shift suitable growing areas for certain crops, making it essential for farmers to adapt their practices to maintain productivity in changing conditions.
3. What are the benefits of organic farming?
Ans. The benefits of organic farming include improved soil health, reduced chemical runoff, increased biodiversity, and better food quality. Organic farming practices enhance the ecosystem, promote sustainable practices, and often result in produce that is free from synthetic pesticides and fertilizers.
4. What role does technology play in modern agriculture?
Ans. Technology plays a significant role in modern agriculture by improving efficiency, productivity, and sustainability. Innovations such as precision agriculture, drones, genetically modified organisms (GMOs), and automated machinery help farmers optimize resources, monitor crop health, and increase yields while reducing environmental impact.
5. What are some common challenges faced by farmers today?
Ans. Common challenges faced by farmers today include climate change, fluctuating market prices, access to water, soil degradation, and pest management. Additionally, farmers must navigate regulations, labor shortages, and the need for sustainable practices to ensure long-term viability and productivity.
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