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CLAT Exam  >  CLAT Notes  >  Quantitative Techniques for CLAT  >  Squares, Square Roots, Cubes, Cube Roots

Squares, Square Roots, Cubes, Cube Roots | Quantitative Techniques for CLAT PDF Download

Understanding the concepts of squares, square roots, cubes, and cube roots is crucial for various mathematical problems, and it's a fundamental aspect of quantitative aptitude tested in exams like CLAT (Common Law Admission Test).

SQUARES, SQUARE ROOTS, CUBES, CUBE ROOTS

Squares: When the exponent of a base is 2, the numbers obtained are called squares or squared numbers.

Perfect Square: A  natural number is called a perfect square if it is the square of a number.

1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36 --------- are the perfect square of the numbers

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ------------ respectively.

5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 50, and 125 are not perfect squares of any natural number.

Examples of Perfect SquareExamples of Perfect Square

To determine whether a given number is a perfect square.

Step I: Express the given number as the product of its prime numbers.

Step II: Express the prime factors as pairs of same number

Step III: Check if there are any unpaired factors

Step IV: If there is no unpaired factor, the given number is a perfect square.

 Properties of Squares

1) Squares of even numbers are even.

2) Squares of odd numbers are odd.

3) A number ending with 2, 3, 7, or 8 is never a perfect square. e.g. 23, 347, 2818  cannot be perfect squares.

4) A number ending with an odd number of zeros is never a perfect square. Thus 150, 4400000, and 48000 cannot be perfect squares.

5) The square of a natural number (other than 1) is either a multiple of 3 or exceeds a multiple of 3 by 1.

6) The square of a natural number (other than 1) is either a multiple of 4 or exceeds a multiple of 4 by 1

7) The difference between the squares of two consecutive natural numbers is equal to their sum.

For example: 22 - 12 = 4 – 1 = 3    which is equal to 2 + 1 = 3

52 - 42 = 25 – 16 = 9 which is equal to 5 + 4 = 9

112 - 102 = 121 – 100 = 21 which is equal to 11 + 10 = 21

Example :- Which of the following is not a perfect square in the options given below?

A. 25

B. 89

C. 100

D. 49

Ans: B) 89

Question for Squares, Square Roots, Cubes, Cube Roots
Try yourself:The least perfect square, which is divisible by each of 21, 36 and 66 is:
View Solution

Some interesting facts:

1) Pythagorean Triplets: For every natural number m (other than 1) there is a triplet such as (2m), (m2-1), and (m2+1)

These triplets are called Pythagorean Triplets. They obey the relation (2m)2+(m2-1)2=(m2+1)2

For m = 2, Pythagorean triplets are 2 x 2, 22-1, 22+1 or 4, 3 and 5 and (4)2 + (3)2 = 52

For m = 4, triplets are 4 x 2,  42 - 1, 42 + 1

i.e. 8, 15, 17 and 82 + 152 = 172

and so on it is true for every natural number.

2) The square of any natural number will have either 0, 1, 4, 5, 6, or 9 at the unit place.

3) The square of a natural number (n) is always equal to the sum of the first (n) odd natural numbers.

If x = 4 Then 42 = 1 + 3 + 5 + 7

If x = 6 Then 62 = 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11

If x = 9 Then 92 = 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13 + 15 + 17

4) If n is a perfect square then 2n can never be a perfect square.

5) A perfect square number is never negative.

Square Roots

Squares, Square Roots, Cubes, Cube Roots | Quantitative Techniques for CLAT


The square root of a number n is that number which when multiplied by itself gives n as the product. For example 7 x 7 = 49, So 7 is the square root of 49. It is written as Squares, Square Roots, Cubes, Cube Roots | Quantitative Techniques for CLAT

Finding the square root of a perfect square

(a) By finding prime factors 

Example 1: If the square root of 576 is to be found out we find the prime factors of 576?

Solution: 576 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 3

Squares, Square Roots, Cubes, Cube Roots | Quantitative Techniques for CLAT

Make pairs of factors and pick up one factor from each pair.

Squares, Square Roots, Cubes, Cube Roots | Quantitative Techniques for CLAT = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 = 24 

Example 2: Simplify  Squares, Square Roots, Cubes, Cube Roots | Quantitative Techniques for CLAT


Solution: 900 = 30 x 30    Squares, Square Roots, Cubes, Cube Roots | Quantitative Techniques for CLAT

0.09 = 0.3 x 0.3  Squares, Square Roots, Cubes, Cube Roots | Quantitative Techniques for CLAT = 0.3

Squares, Square Roots, Cubes, Cube Roots | Quantitative Techniques for CLAT0.003

= 30.303

(b) Finding the square root by long division method


Example 1: Find the square root of 7396

Solution:

Squares, Square Roots, Cubes, Cube Roots | Quantitative Techniques for CLAT 

Step I: Beginning from the right, reduce the digits in pairs from right to left.

Step II: Take the first pair of digits and find the nearest sq. root. The nearest square root of 73 is 8. Write 8 as quotient and also as divisor. Write the product 8 x 8 = 6 below 73 and Subtract.

The remainder is 9

Step III: Bring down the next pair 96. Double 8, the number in the quotient and place the double i.e. 16 as the next divisor. Now 99 divided by 16 is approximately 6. So put 6 with 8 in the quotient also with 16 as the divisor and multiply 166 by 6 and get 996. Now the remainder is zero. So 86 is the exact square root.

Therefore Squares, Square Roots, Cubes, Cube Roots | Quantitative Techniques for CLAT

Example 2: Find the sq. root of Squares, Square Roots, Cubes, Cube Roots | Quantitative Techniques for CLAT

Solution:Squares, Square Roots, Cubes, Cube Roots | Quantitative Techniques for CLAT

Squares, Square Roots, Cubes, Cube Roots | Quantitative Techniques for CLAT

Finding the number of digits in the square root of a perfect square. 

Rule

If a perfect square contains n digits then, its square root will contain Squares, Square Roots, Cubes, Cube Roots | Quantitative Techniques for CLAT digits if n is even and Squares, Square Roots, Cubes, Cube Roots | Quantitative Techniques for CLAT digits if n is odd.

Question for Squares, Square Roots, Cubes, Cube Roots
Try yourself:Squares, Square Roots, Cubes, Cube Roots | Quantitative Techniques for CLATis equal to 
View Solution

Finding the Square Root of a Perfect Square Decimal Number by Long Division.

While finding the square root of a natural number we make pairs from right to left and if in the last, one digit is left, we leave it by itself. In case of decimal number we make pairs from right to left for the integral part and from left to right for the decimal portion.

If the last period of the decimal number contains only one digit, we add zero to it. The square root of a decimal number will contain as many decimal places as there are pairs in the decimal part of the given number. The method to be followed is the same as for the whole number.

Example 1: If Squares, Square Roots, Cubes, Cube Roots | Quantitative Techniques for CLAT = 56. Find the value of Squares, Square Roots, Cubes, Cube Roots | Quantitative Techniques for CLAT + Squares, Square Roots, Cubes, Cube Roots | Quantitative Techniques for CLAT

Solution: Since Squares, Square Roots, Cubes, Cube Roots | Quantitative Techniques for CLAT = 56

Squares, Square Roots, Cubes, Cube Roots | Quantitative Techniques for CLAT = 5.6

  and Squares, Square Roots, Cubes, Cube Roots | Quantitative Techniques for CLAT = 0.56

∴ Squares, Square Roots, Cubes, Cube Roots | Quantitative Techniques for CLAT + Squares, Square Roots, Cubes, Cube Roots | Quantitative Techniques for CLAT .= 5.6 + 0.56 = 6.16

Example 2: Find the value of

Squares, Square Roots, Cubes, Cube Roots | Quantitative Techniques for CLAT

If Squares, Square Roots, Cubes, Cube Roots | Quantitative Techniques for CLAT

 Solution:

Squares, Square Roots, Cubes, Cube Roots | Quantitative Techniques for CLAT 

Squares, Square Roots, Cubes, Cube Roots | Quantitative Techniques for CLAT

Example 3: Evaluate Squares, Square Roots, Cubes, Cube Roots | Quantitative Techniques for CLAT

Solution: Given expression = Squares, Square Roots, Cubes, Cube Roots | Quantitative Techniques for CLAT

Example 4: Evaluate Squares, Square Roots, Cubes, Cube Roots | Quantitative Techniques for CLAT

Solution: The sum of decimal places both in the numerator as well as denominator is 6. So we can remove the decimals

Squares, Square Roots, Cubes, Cube Roots | Quantitative Techniques for CLAT

Example 7: Find the least number which must be added to 4562 to make it a perfect square.


Solution:

   Squares, Square Roots, Cubes, Cube Roots | Quantitative Techniques for CLAT                                                

8 x 128 = 1024

If in place of 962 it is 1024 we will get a perfect square so add

1024 – 962 = 62

Cubes

A cube of a number, is that number raised to the power 3. The cube of a number is obtained by multiplying it with itself 3 times.

Squares, Square Roots, Cubes, Cube Roots | Quantitative Techniques for CLAT

Cube of 5 is 5 x 5 x 5 = 125

Cube of 6 is 6 x 6 x 6 = 216

How to determine whether a given number is a perfect cube

Step 1: Make prime factors of the given number

Step 2: Make groups of the prime factors – a group containing 3 same numbers.

Step 3: Check the ungrouped factor

Step 4: If there is no ungrouped factor, the number is a perfect cube.

Perfect Cube ExamplePerfect Cube Example

Example: Is 1728 a perfect cube

Solution: Prime factors of 1728 are = 2 x 2 x 2  x  2 x 2 x 2  x  3 x 3 x 3

The prime factors can clearly be grouped into groups of 3 each and no factor is left ungrouped

So 1728 is a perfect cube.

Properties of cubes:

(i) Cube of a natural number is a natural number

(ii) Cube of all even natural numbers are even.

(iii) Cube of all odd natural numbers are odd.

(iv) Cubes of all negative numbers are negative.

(v) For any rational number Squares, Square Roots, Cubes, Cube Roots | Quantitative Techniques for CLAT 

(vi) Cube of a natural number, which is a multiple of 3, is a multiple of 27

(vii) Cube of a natural number of the form 3n+1 is also a natural number of the form 3n+1

(viii) Cube of a natural number of the form 3n+2 is also a natural number of the form 3n+2

(ix) Cube of a number, having a zero at the unit place, has three zeros at the end.

For example (10)3 = 1000

Example: What is the smallest number by which 2400 be multiplied so that the product is a perfect cube?

a) 70     b) 80     c) 90     d) 60

Solution: 2400 = 2 x 2 x 2  x 2 x 2 x 3 x 5 x 5

After making the groups of three for each prime number we need one 2’s, two 3’s and one 5.

So we need a number 2 x 3 x 3 x 5 i.e. 90

So option (c) is correct.

Cube roots

A natural number n is a cube root of the number m if m = n3

The symbol for cube root is Squares, Square Roots, Cubes, Cube Roots | Quantitative Techniques for CLAT

To find the cube root of a perfect cube number

Step 1: Make prime factors of the given number

Step 2: Make groups of three each of the prime factors

Step 3: Choose one out of the group of three factors and find their product

Step 4: This product is the required cube root of the given number.

Example: Find the cube root of -4096

Solution: Prime factors of 4096 are 2 x 2 x 2  x  2 x 2 x 2  x  2 x 2 x 2  x  2 x 2 x 2

Squares, Square Roots, Cubes, Cube Roots | Quantitative Techniques for CLAT

Question for Squares, Square Roots, Cubes, Cube Roots
Try yourself:The cube root of .000216 is:
View Solution

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FAQs on Squares, Square Roots, Cubes, Cube Roots - Quantitative Techniques for CLAT

1. How do I determine whether a given number is a perfect square?
Ans. To determine whether a number is a perfect square, you can take the square root of the number and check if it is an integer. If the square root is an integer, then the number is a perfect square. For example, if you want to determine whether 25 is a perfect square, you can take the square root of 25, which is 5. Since 5 is an integer, 25 is a perfect square.
2. How can I find the square root of a perfect square?
Ans. To find the square root of a perfect square, you can simply take the square root of the number. For example, if you want to find the square root of 81, you can take the square root of 81, which is 9. So, the square root of 81 is 9.
3. How can I find the number of digits in the square root of a perfect square?
Ans. To find the number of digits in the square root of a perfect square, you can count the number of digits in the original number and divide it by 2. If the original number has an odd number of digits, round up the result. If the original number has an even number of digits, round down the result. For example, if the original number is 100, it has 3 digits. Dividing 3 by 2 gives 1.5, so the square root of 100 has 2 digits.
4. How can I find the square root of a perfect square decimal number by long division?
Ans. To find the square root of a perfect square decimal number by long division, you can follow these steps: 1. Group the digits in pairs from right to left, starting from the decimal point. 2. Find the largest integer whose square is less than or equal to the leftmost group of digits. Write this integer as the leftmost digit of the square root. 3. Subtract the square of this integer from the leftmost group of digits and bring down the next pair of digits. 4. Double the leftmost digit of the square root and find the largest digit to be placed as the next digit in the square root, such that when this digit is multiplied by the doubled leftmost digit and placed as the next digit in the square root, the resulting number is less than or equal to the number obtained by bringing down the next pair of digits. 5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until all the digits have been brought down. For example, to find the square root of 2.25, you can follow these steps and find that the square root is 1.5.
5. How can I determine whether a given number is a perfect cube?
Ans. To determine whether a number is a perfect cube, you can take the cube root of the number and check if it is an integer. If the cube root is an integer, then the number is a perfect cube. For example, if you want to determine whether 8 is a perfect cube, you can take the cube root of 8, which is 2. Since 2 is an integer, 8 is a perfect cube.
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Document Description: Squares, Square Roots, Cubes, Cube Roots for CLAT 2024 is part of Quantitative Techniques for CLAT preparation. The notes and questions for Squares, Square Roots, Cubes, Cube Roots have been prepared according to the CLAT exam syllabus. Information about Squares, Square Roots, Cubes, Cube Roots covers topics like SQUARES, SQUARE ROOTS, CUBES, CUBE ROOTS, To determine whether a given number is a perfect square.,  Properties of Squares, Some interesting facts:, Square Roots, Finding the square root of a perfect square, Finding the number of digits in the square root of a perfect square. , Finding the Square Root of a Perfect Square Decimal Number by Long Division., Cubes, How to determine whether a given number is a perfect cube, Properties of cubes:, Cube roots and Squares, Square Roots, Cubes, Cube Roots Example, for CLAT 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for Squares, Square Roots, Cubes, Cube Roots.
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