Type Volcanoes
Based on the mode of eruption, volcanoes are classified as:
Based on the nature of eruption, volcanoes may be of two types as:
Besides the above, a number of other types of volcanoes have been identified according to their degree of explosive activity and nature of eruption. They are as follows:
Facts to be Remembered |
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Volcanic Topography
Negative-relief-features
Important National Highways (N.H.) | |
N.H.-1: | Delhi-Ambala-Jalandhar-Amritsar- Indo/Pak Border |
N.H.-2: | Delhi-Mathura-Agra-Kanpur- Allahabad-Varanasi-Mohania-Barhi- Palsit-Baidyabati-Bara |
N.H.-3: | Agra-Gwalior-Shivpuri-Indore- Dhule-Nasik-Thane-Bombay |
N.H.-7: | Varanasi-Mangawan-Rewa-Jabalpur-Luckhnadon-Nagpur-Hyderabad-Kurnool-Bangalore-Krishgiri-Salem-Dindigul-Madurai- Cape Comorin |
N.H.-10: | Delhi-Fazilka-Indo/Pak Border |
N.H.-2: | Ambala-Kalka-Shimla-Narkanda- Rampur-Chini-Indo/Tibet Border near Shipki La |
N.H.-2: | Delhi-Bareilly-Lucknow |
Cause of Earthquakes
Volcanic earthquakes. Usually, earthquakes associated with volcanoes are more localised both in extend of damage and in intensity of the waves produced in comparison to those which are associated with faulting motions.
Facts to be Remembered |
1951 — National Forest Policy of 1894 replaced Van Mahotsava (national tree planting festival launched) |
Types of Earthquakes
Natural earthquakes are of three types, according to the depth of their origin. They are as follows:
Scale of Intensity and Distribution
These scales are:
Rosi-Forrel scale, Mercalli-scale, and
Richter scale of earthquake magnitude etc.
Distribution of Earthquakes
Types of Weathering
Physical Weathering Processes
The following are some of the important processes of physical weathering.
Facts to be Remembered |
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Chemical Process of Weathering
Following processes are notably responsible for chemical weathering:
Oxidation, Hydration, Carbonation
Some Important Boundary Lines |
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Biological Weathering
Bio-physical processes
Bio-chemical processes of weathering
Indian Town/Cities | Situated on River |
1. Agra | Yamuna |
2. Allahabad | Ganga, Yamuna and Sarasvati |
3. Ayodhya | Sarayu |
4. Ahmedabad | Sabarmati |
5. Calcutta | Hoogly |
6. Cuttack | Mahanadi |
7. Delhi | Yamuna |
8. Dibrugarh | Bramhaputra |
9. Lucknow | Gumti |
10. Jabalpur | Narmada |
11. Kota | Kalisindh |
12. Leh | Indus |
13.Nasik | Godavari |
14. Ludhiana | Buddha Nullah |
15.Ujjain | Kshipra |
16. Jammu | Tawi |
17. Jamshedpur | Kharkai |
18. Srinagar | Jhelum |
19.Surat | Tapti |
20. Vijayawada | Krishna |
21. Tiruchirapalli | Kaveri |
22. Guwahati | Brahmaputra |
23.Nellore | Pennar |
24. Ajmer | Luni |
25. Varanasi | Ganga |
26. Bhusawal | Tapti |
Facts to be Remembered |
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1. What are the major landforms in India? |
2. How is the climate in India influenced by its geography? |
3. What are the major rivers in India and how do they contribute to the country's geography? |
4. How does the Thar Desert impact the geography of India? |
5. What are the ecological challenges faced by India due to its geography? |
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