Urban Livelihoods Summary Class 6 Social Science Chapter 8

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• There are more than five thousand towns and twenty seven big cities in India. 
  • Big cities like Chennai, Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata etc. have more than a million people living and working here.
• The main reason for the increase in number of towns is migration. 
• Villagers move to cities because of better facilities such as water, electricity, sanitation, education for children, employment opportunities, etc.

In the Market

• There are almost one crore 'street vendors' in the country working in urban areas.
• There are many people who own shops in various markets of the city. 
  • These shops may be small or large and they sell different things.
• Most business-persons manage their own shops or business. 
  • They employ a number of other workers as supervisors and helpers.

In the Factory-Workshop Area

• People employed in factories are mostly casual workers (called to work and have to leave according to the availability of work).
  • Casual workers have to work long hours in poor conditions without job security and other benefits.

In the office area

• Many workers in the city who work in offices, factories, and government departments where they are employed as regular and permanent workers.
• They attend the same office or factory regularly. 
• They get a regular salary.
• Unlike casual workers they will not be asked to leave if the factory does not have much work.