Important Diagrams Morphology of Flowering Plants - Biology Class 11 -

Parts of a Flowering Plant

Parts of Plant 

1. The Root - Structure & Types

Regions of a Root

Regions of Root

Types of Roots

Different types of roots : (a) Tap  (b) Fibrous  (c) Adventitious

Modifications of Roots

2. The Stem - Structure & Types

Structure of Stem

Modifications of Stem

Modifications of Stem

3. The Leaf

Structure of Leaf

Venation

Types of Venation 

Types of Leaves

Types of Leaf

Phyllotaxy (Leaf Arrangement)

Types of Phyllotaxy

Modifications of Leaves

 Modifications of leaf for : (a) support: tendril (b) protection: spines (c) storage: fleshy leaves

4. Inflorescence (Arrangement of Flowers)

5. Parts of a Flower

Structure of Flower

Petals (Corolla)

Stamen

Pistil

6. Position of Floral Parts on Thalamus (Ovary Position)

Classification of flowers according to the position of sepals, petals and stamens relative to the ovary:

Position of floral parts on thalamus : (a) Hypogynous (b) and (c) Perigynous (d) Epigynous

7. Aestivation

Aestivation is the arrangement of sepals and petals in a floral bud in relation to one another.

8. Placentation

Placentation is the arrangement of ovules within the ovary. Major types include:

Types of Placentation

9. Parts of Fruits

A fruit develops from the ovary and contains seeds.

Parts of a fruit : (a) Mango (b) Coconut

10. Structure of Monocot and Dicot Seeds

A seed develops from a fertilized ovule and contains an embryo and reserve food materials enclosed by a seed coat. Seeds are broadly classified into monocot and dicot seeds based on the number of cotyledons.

Structure of a Dicot Seed

Structure of a Monocot Seed

Monocot seeds (e.g., Maize, Wheat) generally have a single cotyledon called the scutellum and persistent endosperm.

Diagram-based Previous Year Questions

Q1: Identify the type of flowers based on the position of calyx, corolla and androecium with respect to the ovary from the given figures (a) and (b) (NEET 2024)

(a) (a) Epigynous; (b) Hypogynous

(b) (a) Hypogynous; (b) Epigynous

(c) (a) Perigynous; (b) Epigynous

(d) (a) Perigynous; (b) Perigynous

Ans: (d)

When the gynoecium is situated centrally and the other floral parts are located on the rim of the thalamus at almost the same level, the condition is called perigynous. Both diagrams here show perigynous condition.

Q2: Identify the part of the seed from the given figure which is destined to form root when the seed germinates. (NEET 2024)

(a) A

(b) B

(c) C

(d) D

Ans: (c)

The radicle is the part of the seed that develops into the root during germination. In the provided diagram, 'C' represents the radicle.

Q3: The Floral Diagram represents which one of the following families? (NEET 2022 Phase 2)

(a) Liliaceae

(b) Fabaceae

(c) Brassicaceae

(d) Solanaceae

Ans: (c)

The floral diagram shows characteristics of the Brassicaceae family, notably parietal placentation, which helps identify this family.

Q4: Given below are two statements: One is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R :

Assertion A: A flower is defined as a modified shoot wherein the shoot apical meristem changes to floral meristem.

Reason R: Internode of the shoot gets condensed to produce different floral appendages laterally at successive nodes instead of leaves.

In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below : (2023)

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A

(c) A is true but R is false

(d) A is false but R is true

Ans: (a)

Sol:

Parts of Plant 

A flower is a modified shoot in which the shoot apical meristem is transformed into a floral meristem. As a result, internodes do not elongate normally and the axis becomes condensed; the apex produces different kinds of floral appendages (sepals, petals, stamens, carpels) laterally at successive nodes instead of leaves. Therefore both A and R are true and R correctly explains A.

Q5: The roots that originate from the base of the stem are:

(a) Prop roots

(b) Lateral roots

(c) Fibrous roots

(d) Primary roots

Ans: (c)

Sol: Roots that arise from the base of the stem and replace the primary root in monocots form a fibrous root system. In many monocots (e.g., Wheat, Rice) the radicle is short-lived and numerous adventitious roots originating from the stem base constitute a fibrous system.