Table of contents | |
Data Interpretation | |
Interpretation Method | |
Tips to Solve Question-based on Data Interpretation | |
Solved Examples of Data Interpretation |
Data interpretation is the process of reviewing provided data and using these data for calculating the required value. The data can be provided in various forms like in table format, pie chart, line graph, bar graph, or a combination of these.
Data interpretation method is a way to analyze and help people make sense of numerical data which has been collected, analyzed and presented. When data is collected, it normally stays in a raw form which may be difficult for the normal person to comprehend and that is why analysts always try to break down the information gathered so that others can make sense of it.
For instance, when Founders present their pitches to his or her potential investors, they do that by interpreting the data such as market size, growth rate and so on for better understanding. There are 2 principal methods by which data interpretation can be done:
The various types of Data Interpretation are given below:
1. Tabular DI: In Tabular DI, data is provided in horizontal rows and vertical columns called tabular form. A table is one of the simplest and most convenient tools used for summarizing data and presenting it in a meaningful way. In a table, data is arranged systematically in columns and rows. While reading a table, the following parts need to be given careful observation.
2. Pie Charts: It is a circular chart divided into various sectors. The sectors of the circle are constructed in such a way that the area of each sector is proportional to the corresponding values of information provided. In pie charts, the total quantity is distributed over a total angle of 360° or 100%.
Pie graphs have the shape of a pie and each slice of the pie represents the portion of the entire pie allocated to each category. Here the data could be presented and converted into 360 degrees or in percentages or in fractions. Many times, Statisticians may use exact figures against these sectors inside or outside as the case may be. Pie charts can be classified into two main types such as Exploded Pie Chart and Doughnut Pie Charts.
3. Bar Graph: In Bar Graph, data is represented as horizontal or vertical bars. One of the parameters is given on the x-axis and other on y-axis. Here we need to understand the given information and thereafter answer the given questions. A bar graph or a bar chart presents the grouped data with the help of rectangular bars. These bars are either horizontal or vertical and their lengths are proportional to the value that they represent.
There are 2 axes in the graph in which one represents particular categories being compared and the other axis shows a discrete value. Those bar graphs in which clustered groups of more than one bar are presented are known as grouped bar graphs, And, bar graphs in which bars are divided into sub-parts to show cumulative effect are known as cumulative bar graphs or stacked bar graphs.
4. Line Graph: A line graph shows the quantitative information or a relationship between two changing quantities with a line or curve. We are required to understand the given information and thereafter answer the given questions. A line graph or a line chart is a geographical representation of the change in two variables over a period of time. A line graph is created by connecting various data points.
Each data point is obtained as a result of plotting a point when we are given the value of two variables such as one independent variable and one dependent variable. Line graphs are a small but important part of data interpretation. In line graph questions, candidates are provided with certain data in the form of a line graph. The data may be related to various categories such as the following, Average income and expenses, Comparing pie charts, population or demographics study, demand and supply, funds, distribution and utilization etc.
5. Caselet DI: In Caselet DI, a long paragraph is provided and with that as the basis, some set of questions are asked. We need to understand the given information and then answer the given questions.
Students can find different tips and tricks to solve questions based on Data Interpretation:
Example 1: Directions: Study the following information carefully and answer the given questions based on it.
The table shows the number of trees planted by the government in 6 different years.
Find the respective ratio between the number of neem trees planted in the year 2015 and the number of banyan trees planted in the year 2014
Solution: Number of neem trees planted in 2015 = 45000
Number of banyan trees planted in 2014 = 35000
Required ratio = 45000 ∶ 35000 = 9 ∶ 7
Example 2: How many percent more teak trees planted by the government in the year 2017 as compared to 2016?
Solution: Total teak trees planted in year 2017 = 35000
Total teak tree planted in year 2016 = 25000
Percentage increase = (35000 – 25000)/25000 × 100 = 40%
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