Practice Questions: Syllogism- 1

What is Syllogism?

• The word syllogism is derived from the Greek word "syllogismos" which means "conclusion, inference". Syllogisms are a logical argument of statements using deductive reasoning to arrive at a conclusion. 
• The questions which are asked in this section contain two or more statements, and two or more conclusions follow these statements. One has to find out which of these conclusions logically follow the given statements. The statements have to be taken true even if they seem to be at variance from the commonly known facts.
• Syllogisms is an important topic in any competitive exam with a Reasoning section. Syllogisms is the quintessential technique to check one's Logical Reasoning abilities, and to see if you can separate your Logical skills from your Verbal skills.

Syllogism Shortcut Tricks

Some steps to convert a solution into the possibility are given below:

• If All A are B, then it can be said - Some B are not A is a Possibility.
• If Some B are not A, then it can be said - All A are B is a possibility.
• If Some A are B, then it can be said - All A are B is a Possibility and All B are A is a Possibility.
• All Some <---> Not Reversed
• Some <----> All
• NO Conclusion = Any Possibility is true

Solved Questions

Given beloware four statements:
Statement I: The main purpose of the visit is to develop a closer relationship among the two countries.
Statement II: The main purpose of the visit is to develop a closer relationship between the two countries.
Statement III: Between all the magazines on the shelves, only one was of my interest.
Statement IV: Among all the magazines on the shelves, only few were of my interests.
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:
1. Statement I and Statement II are correct.
2. Statement I and Statement III are correct.
3. Statement II and Statement IV are correct.
4. Only Statement II is correct.
(a)1
(b)2
(c)3
(d)4

Q2: Given below are four statements:
Statement I: First we listened to the tape, then we answered some question, and at last we wrote the story.
Statement II: First we listened to the tape, then we answered some questions, and finally we wrote the story.
Statement III: We went from one restaurant to another, but all of them were full. At last we decided to buy some pizzas and take them home.
Statement IV: We went from one restaurant to another, but all of them were full. In the end we decided to buy some pizzas and take them home.
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:
1. Statement I and Statement II are correct.
2. Statement I and Statement III are correct.
3. Statement II and Statement IV are correct.
4. Only Statement IV is correct.
(a)1
(b)2
(c)3
(d)4

Q3: Given below are four statements:
Statement I: You must be pleased to hear that I've already got the tickets.
Statement II: You'll be pleased to hear that I've already got the tickets.
Statement III: I have friends who would love to stay at home, but they have to go to work.
Statement IV: I have friends who should love to stay at home, but they must go to work.
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:
1. Statement I and Statement II are correct.
2. Statement II and Statement III are correct.
3. Statement II and Statement IV are correct.
4. Only Statement IV is correct.
(a)1
(b)2
(c)3
(d)4

Q4: In the following question, two statements are given followed by four conclusions. Taking the given statements to be true, decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given statements:
Statements:
Some rivers are plateau.
No plateau is mountain.
Conclusions:
1. Some plateau are rivers.
2. Some mountains are rivers.
3. Some rivers are not mountains.
4. All mountains are rivers.
(a) Only I follows
(b) Both II and III follow
(c) Both I and III follow
(d) Both I and II follow

Q5: Choose the conclusion which logically follow from the given statement irrespective of commonly known facts.
Statement:
All branches are flowers.
All flowers are leaves
Conclusion :
I. All branches are leaves
II. All leaves are branches
III. All flowers are branches
IV. Some leaves are branches
(a) None follows
(b) Only I and IV follow
(c) Only II and III follow
(d) All follow

Q6: From the given statements, choose the conclusions which follow logically:
Statements:
i. Some iphones are mobiles
ii. Some mobiles are ipads
iii. Some ipads are tablets
Conclusions:
I. Some tablets are iphones
II. Some mobiles are tablets
III. Some ipads are iphones
IV. All iphones are tablets
(a) Only I & II follow
(b) Only I, II & III follow
(c) Only II & III follow
(d) None of these

Q7: In the question below, a statement is followed by three assumptions numbered I, II and III. An assumption is something supposed or taken for granted. You have to consider the statement and the following assumptions and decide which assumptions are implicit in the statement.It is believed by many economists that to realize a 7 percent GDP growth rate in India, which is very much attainable, the gross fixed capital formation in the country must increase to 30 percent of GDP from the present level of 28 percent.
I. The target of 7 percent GDP growth is not feasible.
II. GDP growth rate is directly related to capital formation rate.
III. The GDP growth rate in a country is the only indicator of country's economic development.
(a) Both I and II
(b) Both II and III
(c) Both III and I
(d) None of A, B or C

Q8: All who studied commerce enjoy sports.  No tax consultant enjoys sports. All those who enjoy sports love classical music.
If the above sentences are true, which of the following also must be true?
(a) No one who enjoys classical music is a tax consultant by profession.
(b) Every tax consultant enjoys classical music.
(c) No tax consultant enjoys classical music.
(d) No tax consultant studied commerce.
(e) No one who studied commerce enjoy classical music.

Q9: Statement 1: All chickens are birds.
Statement 2: Some chickens are hens.
Statement 3: Female birds lay eggs.
If the above statement are facts, then which of the following must also be a fact?
I. All birds lay eggs.
II. Hens are birds.
III. Some chickens are not hens.
(a) II only
(b) II and III only
(c) I, II and III
(d) None of the statement is a known fact

Q10: Each of the questions below starts with a few statements, followed by four conclusions numbered 1, 2, 3 and 4.  You have to consider every given statement as true, even if it does not conform to the accepted facts.  Read the conclusions carefully and then decide which of the conclusion(s) logically follow(s) from the given statements, disregarding commonly known facts.
Statements:
a. All teachers are professors
b. All professors are researchers
c. All researchers are consultants
Conclusions:
1. Some consultants are teachers
2. All professors are consultants
3. Some researchers are teachers
4. All professors are teachers
(a) Only 1 and 2 follow
(b) Only 1 and 3 follow
(c) Either 1 or 4 follow
(d) None of the above

Directions (11-14): The following questions have a few statements followed by a conclusion. Read the statements and logically select the conclusions that can follow the statements.
Q11: Statements:
I. Some parrots are scissors.
II. Some scissors are not combs.
Conclusions:
I. Some scissors are parrots.
II. Some combs are parrots.
(a) Only I follows
(b) I and II but III follows
(c) II and I or III follows
(d) All of them follow

Q12: Statement:
I. All AB are PQs
II. Some PQs are XYs
III. All XYs are MNs
Conclusions:
I. Some ABs are XYs
II. Some MNs are PQs
III. No AB is XY
IV. All  PQs are ABs
(a) Only I follows
(b) I and II but III follows
(c) II and I or III follows
(d) All of them follow

Q13: Statements:
I. Some goats are sheeps.
II. All sheeps are bikes.
Conclusions:
I. All bikes are sheeps.
II. Some bikes are goats.
(a) Only I follows
(b) Only II follows
(c) Either I or II follows
(d) Both follow

Q14: Statements:
I. All greens are blues
II. Some blues are reds
Conclusions:
I. Some blues are greens
II. All greens are reds
(a) Only I follows
(b) Only II follows
(c) Either I or II follows
(d) Neither follows

Q15: Each of the questions below starts with a few statements, followed by four conclusions numbered 1, 2, 3 and 4.  You have to consider every given statement as true, even if it does not conform to the accepted facts.  Read the conclusions carefully and then decide which of the conclusion(s) logically follow(s) from the given statements, disregarding commonly known facts.
Statements:
a. Some boys are scholars
b. Some teachers are boys
c. All scholars are observers
Conclusions:
1. Some scholars are boys
2. Some scholars are not boys
3. Some observers are boys
4. Some teachers are scholars
(a) 1, and 3 follow
(b) 1, 3, and 4 follow
(c) Either 1 or 2 and 3 follow
(d) None of the above