Current Affairs: Passage of the Day - 23 April 2024 | Current Affairs & General Knowledge - CLAT PDF Download

Directions: Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.
The United Kingdom has awarded three UK companies a 4 billion pound ($4.9bn) contract to design and manufacture a nuclear-powered attack submarine as part of the country’s AUKUS programme with Australia and the United States.The UK Ministry of Defence, in a statement on Sunday, said the contract with BAE Systems, Rolls-Royce and Babcock “represents a significant milestone for both the UK and the trilateral AUKUS programme as a whole”.
The new submarines, known as SSN-AUKUS, “will be the largest, most advanced and most powerful attack submarines ever operated” by the Royal Navy and will “combine world-leading sensors, design and weaponry in one vessel”, it said.
The first of the submarines will be delivered into service in the UK in the late 2030s and the first Australian ones will follow in the early 2040s.
The plans for SSN-AUKUS were unveiled in March by the leaders of Australia, the UK and US and came as the three countries ramp up their efforts to counter China in the Asia Pacific region.
The nuclear-powered vessels – which have far greater stealth and range and mark the first time Washington has shared nuclear-propulsion technology with a country other than the UK – represent a significant upgrade to Australia’s current diesel-powered fleet.
Australian Defence Minister Richard Marles previously described the AUKUS deal as “the biggest step forward in our military capability that we’ve had since the end of World War II”.
Under AUKUS, Washington also intends to sell Canberra up to five of its Virginia-class nuclear-powered submarines in the early 2030s.
It will also see US and UK submarines deployed in Western Australia as soon as 2027 to help train Australian crews.
Analysts say the AUKUS programme will strengthen deterrence in the face of China’s increasingly assertive actions in the Pacific, including in the South China Sea where it has built military bases on disputed outcrops and reefs.
“As highly stealthy platforms, SSNs’ ability to operate in contested waters, hunt Chinese warships and submarines, control strategic sea lanes and chokepoints, and project power with long-range cruise missiles make them one of the most effective ways to complicate Chinese military planning and give Beijing a reason to take pause before using force,” wrote Ashley Townshend, a senior fellow for Indo-Pacific security at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace think tank, in a commentary in March.
“The fact that US, UK, and, in time, Australian SSNs will be operating as a combined force—with Aussies also embedded on American and British subs—raises the specter of horizontal escalation by forcing Beijing to consider the prospect that military action against any SSN, or the submarine base itself, could trigger the involvement of all three nations,” he added.
China has meanwhile condemned AUKUS as an illegal act of nuclear proliferation.Its foreign ministry has accused Australia, the UK and US of travelling “further down the wrong and dangerous path for their own geopolitical self-interest”. The AUKUS pact arises from a “Cold War mentality which will only motivate an arms race, damage the international nuclear proliferation regime, and harm regional stability and peace”, it said.
[Excerpt from Aljazeera “UK awards $4bn contract to build AUKUS nuclear submarines” Dated 3/10/23]
Q1: What did researchers from the University of Kansas examine to understand early human migration in Siberia?
(a) Rock formations
(b) Pollen data
(c) Human fossils
(d) Climate models

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Q2: During which period did the migration event under study take place?
(a) Neolithic
(b) Pleistocene
(c) Holocene
(d) Paleolithic

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Q3: What role did warming temperatures play in early human migration in Siberia?
(a) Hindered migration
(b) No impact
(c) Facilitated migration
(d) Caused extinction

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Q4: What do the pollen records suggest about the environmental conditions during the migration period?
(a) Harsh conditions
(b) Extreme cold
(c) Surprising warmth
(d) Constant humidity

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Q5: According to the study, what characterized the region during the migration period, providing resources for foraging and hunting by humans?
(a) Deserts
(b) Rainforests
(c) Coniferous forests and grasslands
(d) Tundras

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Q6: What is crucial for understanding early human migration, according to the passage?
(a) Political conditions
(b) Economic factors
(c) Accurate dating
(d) Technological advancements

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Q7: What does the study connect pollen data to in the archaeological record of early human migration?
(a) Agricultural practices
(b) Language development
(c) Changes in behavior and cognition
(d) Nomadic lifestyles

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Q8: According to the passage, what advancements were observed in early Homo sapiens during the migration period?
(a) Increased aggression
(b) Enhanced physical strength
(c) Increased creativity, innovation, and adaptability
(d) Reduced toolmaking skills

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