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Introduction
During the period of Company Rule and subsequent Crown control, the landscape of education in India witnessed significant developments influenced by the evolving priorities of the British colonial administration. This chronology document aims to outline key milestones in the history of education in colonial India, highlighting the establishment of educational institutions, policy shifts, and the impact on vernacular, technical, and traditional forms of education.
Company Rule Era
Under Company Rule, educational institutions were established with a focus on Muslim and Hindu law, reflecting the administration's interest in traditional knowledge.
Charter Act of 1813 and Enlightened Efforts
The Charter Act of 1813 marked a shift towards English education, with institutions like Calcutta College receiving grants to impart education in Western humanities and sciences.
Orientalist-Anglicist Controversy
The debate between Orientalists and Anglicists shaped the educational policy, aiming to create a class with Indian roots but English tastes and intellect.
Wood's Despatch (1854)
Wood's Despatch formalized the education system, emphasizing English in higher studies, female and vocational education, and grants-in-aid for private initiatives.
Hunter Education Commission and Indian Universities Act (1904)
The Hunter Commission emphasized primary education, vocational courses, and stricter regulations for private colleges, leading to the Indian Universities Act of 1904.
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Post-Crown Control Era and Hartog Committee (1929)
Post Crown control, the Hartog Committee recommended reforms in primary and high school education, and the Sergeant Plan laid out comprehensive guidelines for educational development.
Development of Vernacular Education
Vernacular education saw increased attention with government reports, experiments, and policy provisions, aiming at mass education through native languages.
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Development of Technical Education
Technical education began with the establishment of engineering colleges, addressing the need for skilled individuals in various fields.
Conclusion
The chronology above reflects the dynamic evolution of education in colonial India, shaped by debates, commissions, and policy changes. The British administration's focus on specific forms of education mirrored their objectives, leading to lasting impacts on the Indian education system. Despite challenges, these historical developments laid the foundation for the diverse educational landscape in contemporary India.
The document Cheat Sheet: Development of Education | History for UPSC CSE is a part of the UPSC Course History for UPSC CSE.
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FAQs on Cheat Sheet: Development of Education - History for UPSC CSE
| 1. What was the Orientalist-Anglicist Controversy? |  |
| 2. What was the significance of Wood's Despatch in education in India? | |
Ans. Wood's Despatch, also known as the Magna Carta of English education in India, was a policy statement issued in 1854 by Sir Charles Wood, the President of the Board of Control in Britain. It emphasized the importance of education in India and recommended the promotion of vernacular languages, the establishment of universities, and the expansion of female education. Wood's Despatch had a significant impact on the development of education in India during the Company Rule Era.
| 3. What was the role of the Hunter Education Commission in India's education system? | |
Ans. The Hunter Education Commission was established in 1882 to evaluate the state of education in India and make recommendations for its improvement. The commission conducted extensive surveys, gathered data, and drafted a comprehensive report on the educational needs of the country. Its recommendations led to the enactment of the Indian Universities Act in 1904, which aimed to reform and modernize the Indian higher education system.
| 4. How did the Hartog Committee contribute to the development of education in India? | |
Ans. The Hartog Committee was appointed in 1929 to assess the progress of education in India and suggest measures for its further development. The committee recommended the establishment of a central advisory board for education, the improvement of vocational and technical education, the expansion of adult education, and the promotion of education for women and marginalized sections of society. The committee's recommendations played a key role in shaping educational policies during the post-Crown control era in India.
| 5. What were the key developments in vernacular education in India? | |
Ans. Vernacular education in India saw significant developments during the Company Rule Era. Efforts were made to promote the study of Indian languages, literature, and culture. Vernacular schools were established, and textbooks in local languages were introduced. The Orientalist-Anglicist Controversy also influenced the focus on vernacular education. Wood's Despatch recommended the promotion of vernacular languages, leading to the expansion of vernacular education in India. These initiatives aimed to provide education in the mother tongue of the students and preserve the cultural heritage of India.
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The notes and questions for Cheat Sheet: Development of Education have been prepared according to the UPSC exam syllabus. Information about Cheat Sheet: Development of Education covers topics
like Introduction, Company Rule Era, Charter Act of 1813 and Enlightened Efforts, Orientalist-Anglicist Controversy, Wood's Despatch (1854), Hunter Education Commission and Indian Universities Act (1904), Post-Crown Control Era and Hartog Committee (1929), Development of Vernacular Education, Development of Technical Education, Conclusion and Cheat Sheet: Development of Education Example, for UPSC 2025 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for Cheat Sheet: Development of Education.
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