Application of Recombinant DNA to Rumen Organisms | Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science Optional for UPSC PDF Download

Application of Recombinant DNA to Rumen Organisms

• The feasibility of introducing new genes into bacteria has been successfully demonstrated through the use of bio-products derived from genetically modified microorganisms.
• The primary aim is to enhance the ability of rumen organisms to break down coarse plant fiber by increasing the production of cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzymes.
• While certain bacteria like Ruminococcus albus possess both enzyme types, others like various strains of B. succinogenes are cellulolytic and cannot digest xylan, and B. ruminicola only has xylanolytic activity.
• By equipping dominant bacterial populations with the capacity to digest multiple cell wall components, it may be feasible to improve fiber digestion through naturally occurring mixed populations.

Transfer of Functional Genes to Bacteria

• The transfer of functional genes is now a standard process using familiar bacterial species.
• Many bacterial genes have inducible promoters that can be valuable for controlling the timing of nutrient synthesis, antibiotic production, and other functions.
• Initial steps involve identifying inducible genes in ruminal anaerobes and isolating promoter sequences responsible for regulation.

Genetic Manipulation of Rumen Microorganisms

• Genetic manipulation of rumen microorganisms involves altering inherited characteristics to enhance the digestion of fibrous feeds within the rumen.
• Success hinges on pinpointing specific genetic information, developing suitable genetic techniques, and creating new organisms capable of surviving in the harsh rumen environment.