Population vs Individual | Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science Optional for UPSC PDF Download

Definition of Population

Population refers to a collective group of individuals sharing common characteristics that allow them to be categorized together. This group can consist of human beings or animals, such as cows, sheep, goats, or fowls, among others. Each subgroup within a population possesses distinct commonalities not present in individuals from other groups. These distinguishing characteristics enable the identification and differentiation of one group from another. It is important to note that populations are inherently heterozygous, meaning they exhibit genetic diversity, unlike homogeneity. While some populations may exhibit varying degrees of heterozygosity, none are entirely homogenous.

Characteristics of Populations

• Populations are characterized by their heterozygous nature, with varying degrees of genetic diversity. They are identifiable by specific traits or features that set them apart from other groups within the same species.

Definition of Individual

An individual refers to a single person or animal in contrast to a group of the same kind. Unlike populations, individuals represent a singular entity rather than a collective group.

Differentiation between Population and Individual

• While a population comprises multiple individuals sharing common traits, an individual stands alone as a single entity within the broader group. The genetic makeup and characteristics of a population collectively represent the diversity of its members, whereas an individual embodies unique traits specific to itself.

Example: Consider a population of cats. Each cat within the population shares common feline characteristics, such as fur, whiskers, and sharp claws, distinguishing them from dogs. On the other hand, an individual cat named Luna possesses her own unique traits, such as a distinctive meow, a preference for tuna, and a playful demeanor that sets her apart from other cats in the same population.