What is logical reasoning? | Year 3 Computing PDF Download

Logical reasoning explained

Logical reasoning involves using agreed-upon rules to think about information and solve problems. It helps us in various ways:

• solve problems
• give instructions to make something happen
• explain why things happen
• predict what might happen next

Being logical means thinking sensibly about something using rules that everyone agrees with.

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Different Types of Rules

• Rules are guidelines used across various fields of learning and in everyday life. They often instruct us on what actions to take or provide statements that explain or predict behavior.
• In education, grammatical rules assist in language learning, such as English, while mathematical rules guide operations with numbers and shapes in mathematics. Sometimes, rules are deduced by observing the world around us and noting cause-and-effect relationships:
  • For instance, we observe that a dropped pencil falls to the ground.
  • We determine which button on the TV remote control allows us to watch our favorite program.
• Understanding these rules enables us to apply logical reasoning effectively in different situations.

Using logical reasoning to explain how to play a game

Jo carefully explains the rules of Snap to Amina, addressing each question and outlining the game's logical sequence:

• The game starts with both players having their stack of cards face down.
• Players take turns revealing the top card of their stack and placing it in the middle.
• If the newly revealed card matches the card already in the middle, both players race to shout "SNAP!" first.
• The player who shouts "SNAP!" first wins and collects the pile of cards in the middle.
• The game continues until one player runs out of cards.

Amina listens attentively to Jo's explanation, which helps her grasp the rules step-by-step and use logical reasoning to understand how to play the game effectively.

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Using logical reasoning to solve a problem

• In computing, we develop lists of instructions, known as algorithms, to solve problems or accomplish tasks.
• These instructions function similarly to rules, detailing step-by-step what should occur.
• Logical reasoning is essential in planning and organizing these instructions to ensure accuracy and proper sequencing.
• We're currently designing a computer game involving balloons.
  
• Our plan is that when a player clicks on balloons of different colors, they will earn points. The points awarded will vary depending on the balloon's color.
• Using logical reasoning, we can determine the structure of instructions for our game. This will allow us to create a clear set of rules or algorithm.
  
• When the player clicks on a yellow balloon, they will score ten points.
  
• When the player clicks on a pink balloon, they will score five points.

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Writing a logical computer program

• Next, we must translate the algorithms into a computer program using a coding language.
• This language employs distinct blocks for each type of instruction.
• Once more, we can apply logical reasoning to determine the appropriate blocks for our program.

Do you think we've selected the correct blocks?